Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ekudleni esikudlayo ngemva kokungena esiswini sethu? Lokho kudla kuyaphi ngemva kwesisu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuma okubaluleke kakhulu kulolo hambo. Leli yiqhawe elincane elenza umsebenzi omkhulu ngokuthula ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla. Masimazi ngokuningiliziwe.
Kalula nje, iyini i-duodenum ?
I-duodenum yingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancane . Nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi "amathumbu amancane," empeleni yingxenye ende kunazo zonke yesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla. Kulapha lapho izakhamzimba (amaprotheni, amafutha, amavithamini , njll.) ekudleni esikudlayo zihlukaniswa zibe uhlobo loketshezi umzimba ongalumunca.
Amathumbu amancane afana nepayipi elincane elibunjwe njengohlamvu 'C'. Ukudla okuvela esiswini kuqala kungena kuleli thumba elincane. Izingxenye ezimbili ezilandelayo zamathumbu amancane yi-jejunum kanye ne-ileum.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yeplanethi?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesisu ukuqhubeka nenqubo yokugaya ukudla eqala emlonyeni nasesiswini bese kuqala ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba egazini. Cabanga ukuthi ngaphambi kokufika esiswini, ukudla kuxubene namathe nama-acid esiswini ukuze kwakheke uketshezi olujiyile, noma ake sithi "iphalishi lokudla" (`chyme`). Lelo phalishi lokudla liguqulwa libe izakhamzimba umzimba ongazisebenzisa ngaphakathi esiswini.
Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweplanethi:
| Umsebenzi | Inqubo ilula. |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa i-asidi ekudleni | Ukudla (i-chyme) okuvela esiswini kune-asidi kakhulu. I-hormone (i-secretin) ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas ikhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-bicarbonate, enciphisa lobu asidi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukumunca izakhamzimba futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwamathumbu amancane okubangelwa yi-asidi eningi. |
| Ukuguqula ukudla kube izakhamzimba | I-pancreas ikhiqiza enye i-hormone (i-cholecystokinin). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-pancreas yakho, i-gallbladder, nesibindi sakho zithumela izinto ozidingayo ukuze ugaye ukudla. I-Bile, evela kwi-gallbladder nesibindi, incibilikisa amafutha. Ama-enzyme avela kwi-pancreas aphula amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, namaprotheni. Lezi zakhamzimba zibe sezimuncwa egazini. |
| Ukusunduza ukudla phambili | Izinhlayiya zokudla ezingamuncwanga ezisele zifakwa engxenyeni elandelayo yamathumbu amancane (i-jejunum). Lokhu kwenziwa ngokunyakaza okunesigqi (i-peristalsis) lapho izindonga ze-jejunum zifinyela khona futhi zikhule. |
Iyini ubukhulu nendawo yeplanethi?
I-duodenum yingxenye emfushane kakhulu yamathumbu amancane. Ingamasentimitha angaba ngu-10 ubude. Lokho kungaphansi kancane kwefidi. Igama lesiLatini elithi "duodenum" lisho "iminwe engu-12." Lokho kusho ukuthi ubude bayo bungaba yiminwe engu-12 ebekwe eceleni.
Cabanga nje, wonke amathumbu akho amancane angaba ngamafidi angu-22 ubude. Lokho cishe kufana nenkundla yethenisi. Kodwa kuyingxenye encane nje engamasentimitha angu-10 ubude lapho konke lokhu kumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile kwenzeka khona.
I-esophagus itholakala ngaphansi kwesisu. Igoba ngesimo sika-'C' ngakwesokudla nasemhlane, phansi, bese kuba ngakwesobunxele. Ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu ye-pancreas yakho itholakala ngaphakathi kwalesi sigoba esimise okwe-'C'.
Izingxenye ezine zeplanethi
Iplanethi ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko, eziqanjwe ngokwendawo kanye nesimo sayo.
1. Ingxenye ephezulu: Lena yingxenye ephezulu exhumanisa nesisu. Ingamasentimitha angu-2 ubude. Ngenxa yokuthi isengozini enkulu yokuthola i-asidi yesisu, izilonda emathunjini amancane zivame ukwakheka kule ngxenye.
2. Ingxenye eyehlayo: Njengoba igama lisho, lena ingxenye enomumo we-'C' eyehlayo. Ingamasentimitha angu-1.5 ubude. Imigudu evela ku-pancreas , i-gallbladder , nesibindi ixhumana nale ngxenye. Inyongo nama- enzyme avela kulezi zitho ahlangana ukuze aphule amafutha , amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate.
3. Ingxenye evundlile:Lokhu futhi kungamamitha angu-1.8 ubude. Kuqala kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele, futhi kutholakala ngaphezu kwemithambo yegazi eminingi emikhulu emzimbeni wethu.
4. Ingxenye ekhuphukayo: Lena yingxenye encane kakhulu yamathumbu amancane. Ingaphansi kancane kwe-intshi ubude. Inwebeka phezulu futhi ixhumane nengxenye elandelayo yamathumbu amancane (i-jejunum).
Udonga lweplanethi lwakhiwe kanjani?
Udonga lwesibeletho lunezendlalelo ezine eziyinhloko.
- I-Mucosa: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi. Lunezinhlayiya ezincane ezifana neminwe (i-microvilli). Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu yamathumbu, okuvumela ukumuncwa okukhulu kwezakhamzimba.
- I-Submucosa: Lolu ngqimba luqukethe imithambo yegazi kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Luphinde luqukethe izindlala zikaBrunner, ezikhiqiza into enciphisa i-asidi yokudla okuvela esiswini.
- Imisipha: Lokhu kwakhiwe ngemisipha ebushelelezi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuxuba nokuhambisa ukudla phambili.
- I-Serosa: Lesi yisivikelo sangaphandle esivikelayo.
Kalula nje, i-grahini ifana nomshini wokuxuba nokuhlunga wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ilawula i-asidi yokudla, yengeze ama-enzyme adingekayo, ihlukanise izakhamzimba, bese ithumela okusele esigabeni esilandelayo.
Izifo nezinkinga ezingase zivele ezihlobene neplanethi
Ngenxa yokuthi iseduze nesisu, umphimbo usengozini enkulu yokulimala uma i-acidity yesisu ikhuphuka. Le acid ingabangela izilonda zesisu kanye nomphimbo. Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okubizwa ngokuthi i-`H. pylori` kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi yobuhlungu ebizwa ngokuthi i-`NSAIDs` (imithi engeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory) (isib. i-aspirin, i-ibuprofen) .
Uma isilonda esingalashwanga sibangela umonakalo omkhulu odongeni lwesibeletho futhi silimaze umthambo wegazi ongemuva kwaso, singabangela ukopha okukhulu. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Izifo eziningi ezithinta amathumbu amancane zingathinta nepancreas.
- Isifo sikaCrohn: Isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwamathumbu amancane.
- Isifo se-Celiac: Isimo esibangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla lapho kudliwa ukudla okune-gluten.
- Umdlavuza we-duodenal: Umdlavuza oqala emaseli e-duodenum.
- I-Duodenitis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-duodenum.
- Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amancane: Ukuvaleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwamathumbu amancane, okuhlanganisa ne-rectum. Lokhu futhi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Izimpawu ezivamile ezibonisa inkinga
Uma kunenkinga, izimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngesifo. Kodwa-ke, nazi izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala ezinkingeni zesistimu yokugaya ukudla.
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu kanye nokuqunjelwa
- Ukuqunjelwa
- Uhudo
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukungakhululeki esiswini ngemva kokudla (Ukungagayi kahle ukudla)
- Ukuhlanza igazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi esitulweni (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha okuvela esilondeni)
Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko .
Izindlela zokuhlola impilo yesibeletho
Udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho. Ezinye zazo zifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula kokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori.
- Ama-scan: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI ukuze kubhekwe amaqhubu noma ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwesibeletho.
- I-Endoscopy: Ithubhu elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe lifakwa ngomlomo ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi le-esophagus.
- I-Biopsy: Uma kukhona iqhubu elingajwayelekile, kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu kulo bese kuhlolwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwezifo zesibeletho
Ukwelashwa kunqunywa yisimo.
- Ama-antibiotic: Ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-H. pylori.
- Imithi ye-steroid (i-Corticosteroids): Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okweqile.
- Imithi enciphisa i-asidi yesisu: Imithi efana ne-`Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)`, `H2 blockers` kanye ne-`antacids`.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ezimweni zomdlavuza noma ezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-duodenum iyingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancane, enomumo we-'C'. Nakuba incane, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugayeni ukudla nasekumunceni izakhamzimba.
- Yilapho i-asidi yokudla okune-asidi ephezulu evela esiswini incipha khona, iguqulwe ibe izakhamzimba, bese iqala ukumuncwa egazini.
- Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ama-NSAID) kanye nokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kungabangela izilonda esiswini.
- Uma izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, nokuhlanza ziqhubeka, ungazinaki bese ubona udokotela wakho.
- Ukudla ukudla okune-fiber eningi, imifino, nokuphuza amanzi anele, kanye nokugwema ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, kuzuzisa kakhulu uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla kanye nesibeletho sakho.
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