Iqhawe elincane lomzimba wethu: Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-duodenum!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ukudla esikudlayo kunikeza kanjani amandla nokondla imizimba yethu? Lolu uhambo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nolumangalisayo olwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizimba yethu. Ngakho-ke, kunengxenye encane kodwa enamandla kakhulu edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esingakhulumi kakhulu ngayo. Leyo yi -duodenum . Kalula nje, lena yingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancane. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngalesi sisebenzi esithule sesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla.

Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko we-duodenum?

Cabanga nge-duodenum njengendawo ematasa kakhulu nebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kokudla. Yindawo yokuqala lapho kuhlangana khona ukudla okuvela esiswini. Imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko yenzeka lapha:

1. Ukunciphisa i-asidi yokudla okuvela esiswini:

Uma ukudla esikudlayo kungena esiswini, kuhlangana namajusi ane-asidi lapho, kuphule, bese kuba yiphalishi eliwuketshezi. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-chyme' . Le 'chyme' ine-asidi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma iya ngqo kuwo wonke amathumbu amancane, ingalimala. I-duodenum ikhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-secretin' . Le hormone iyahamba futhi itshele ama-pancreas ethu ukuthi akhiphe i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-bicarbonate' . Njengokuxuba into ene-asidi namanzi, le bicarbonate ingena futhi yehlise i-asidi yaleyo 'chyme' ene-asidi ephezulu ibe sezingeni elibekezelelekayo. Lokhu akuvikeli nje kuphela amathumbu ethu amancane, kodwa futhi kuyasiza ekumunceni izakhamzimba kahle.

2. Ukuguqulwa kwe-'chyme' ibe izakhamzimba ezingamuncwa ngumzimba:

I-duodenum ikhipha enye i-hormone ebalulekile, i-cholecystokinin (CCK) . Le hormone ivuselela isibindi sethu, i-gallbladder, kanye ne-pancreas ukuze ithumele ujusi wokugaya ukudla e-duodenum.

• Inyongo, evela esibindini kanye nenyongo, iyasiza ekugayweni kwamafutha.
• I-enzyme ethi 'lipase' evela ku-pancreas nayo iphula amafutha. I-enzyme ethi 'amylase' iphula ama-carbohydrate, kanti i-enzyme ethi 'protease' iphula amaprotheni.

Izakhamzimba ezigaywe kahle ngale ndlela zimuncwa egazini lethu.

3. Ukusunduza ukudla okugayiwe phambili:

Izinhlayiya zokudla ezingamuncwanga kanye nokungcola kusunduzwa kusuka ku-duodenum kuye engxenyeni elandelayo yamathumbu amancane, i-jejunum. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imisipha esezindongeni ze-duodenum iyafinyela futhi iphumule. Le nqubo efana namagagasi eqhubekisela phambili ukudla ibizwa ngokuthi i-peristalsis .

Ingakanani i-duodenum? Futhi ikuphi?

I-duodenum imfushane kakhulu kwezingxenye ezintathu zamathumbu ethu amancane (i-duodenum, i-jejunum, ne-ileum). Icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude.– Lokho kungaphansi kancane konyawo kumbusi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, igama lesiLatini elithi "duodenum" lisho "iminwe engu-12." Okusho ukuthi, esikhathini esidlule, ubude bayo babulinganiswa ngokucabanga ukuthi ilingana nobubanzi beminwe engu-12 ebekwe eceleni.

Cabanga nje, uma besingalula wonke amathumbu ethu amancane, abengaba ngamafidi angu-22 ubude! Lokho cishe ubude benkundla yethenisi. Kodwa-ke, i-duodenum, ingxenye encane yalobu bude, cishe amasentimitha angu-10, yilapho ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka khona.

I-duodenum itholakala ngaphansi kwesisu sethu. Igoba ngesimo sohlamvu lwesiNgisi 'C', noma i-horseshoe, ngakwesokudla, emuva, phansi, bese kuba ngakwesobunxele. Ikhanda le-pancreas litholakala ngaphakathi kwalolu goba oluyi-'C'.

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-duodenum?

I-duodenum inezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko, eziqanjwe ngendawo yazo kanye nesimo sayo.

1. Ingxenye ephezulu: Lena yingxenye ephezulu exhumanisa nesisu. Ingamasentimitha angaba ngu-2 ubude. Indawo lapho ixhumanisa khona ngqo ne -pylorus, ivalvu ekhipha ukudla esiswini, ibizwa nangokuthi i-duodenal bulb. Yilapho izilonda zivame ukwakheka khona emathunjini amancane, ngoba i-asidi yesisu cishe iyona ehlaselayo.

2. Ingxenye eyehlayo: Njengoba igama lisho, lena yingxenye enomumo we-'C' eyehlayo. Ingamasentimitha angu-1.5 ubude. Le ngxenye ixhunywe ku-pancreas, i-gallbladder, nesibindi ngemigudu ethwala ujusi wayo.

3. Ingxenye evundlile (ephansi): Lena futhi ingamamitha angu-1.5 ubude. Isuka kwesokudla iye kwesobunxele. Le ngxenye idlula phezu kwe-aorta kanye ne-vena cava engaphansi, okuyimithambo yegazi eyinhloko emzimbeni wethu.

4. Ingxenye ekhuphukayo: Lena yingxenye encane kakhulu ye-duodenum, engaphansi kancane kwe-intshi ubude. Ikhuphuka kancane bese ixhuma ne-jejunum.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezingqimba zezicubu ezakhiwe yi-duodenum?

Njengayo yonke ingxenye yomgudu wethu wokugaya ukudla (i-GI tract), i-duodenum yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezine eziyinhloko zezicubu. Kusukela engxenyeni engaphakathi kuya engxenyeni engaphandle, yilezi:

1. I-Mucosa: Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi. Iqukethe izindlala kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane ezifana neminwe ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-microvilli' . Lawa ma-microvilli andisa kakhulu indawo engaphezulu kwe-duodenum, ayivumela ukuthi imunce izakhamzimba eziningi kunokuba ibisicaba.

2. I-Submucosa: Lolu ngqimba luqukethe imithambo yegazi kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Ikakhulukazi, izindlala zikaBrunner zitholakala kulolu ngqimba. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza uketshezi olunciphisa i-acidity ye-chyme.

3. Imisipha:Yakhiwe kakhulu ngemisipha ebushelelezi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuxuba nokuhambisa ukudla phambili. Uma le misipha ifinyela, 'i-chyme' ixutshwa kahle nama-enzyme kanye ne-bile.

4. I-Serosa: Lesi yisivikelo sangaphandle se-duodenum. Sakhiwe ngamaseli e-epithelial angama-squamous.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ku-duodenum?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-duodenum iseduze nesisu, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yonakale uma inani le-asidi yesisu likhuphuka. Le asidi ingabangela izilonda, ezaziwa nangokuthi 'izilonda ze-peptic' , e-duodenum, kanye nasesiswini. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• Ukutheleleka yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-H. pylori . Cabanga ngakho njengebhaktheriya elincane, elibi esiswini sakho. Lingalimaza ulwelwesi oluvikelayo lwesisu sethu kanye ne-duodenum futhi libangele izilonda.
• Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi yokubulala izinhlungu ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-NSAID' (imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal) . Lokho kusho imithi efana ne-aspirin ne-ibuprofen. Ngezinye izikhathi sithatha lokhu ngenxa yobuhlungu bomzimba kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa uma siphuza kakhulu futhi njalo, lolu hlobo lokulimala lungavela.

Okubalulekile: Uma isilonda esingalashwanga siphula ulwelwesi oluvikelayo lwe-duodenum futhi silimaze umthambo wegazi ongemuva kwaso, obizwa ngokuthi i-gastroduodenal artery, singabangela ukopha okukhulu. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo eziningi ezivame ukuhlasela amathumbu amancane zingathinta ne-duodenum. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Ama-adenoma e-gland kaBrunner: Lawa amathumba angewona umdlavuza (angewona awemvelo).
• Isifo sikaCrohn: Lesi yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwamathumbu.
• Isifo se-Celiac: Isimo esibangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla lapho udla ukudla okuqukethe i-gluten.
• I-Duodenal atresia: Isimo lapho i-duodenum ivalwa khona ngokuphelele lapho izalwa.
• I-Duodenal stenosis: Isimo lapho i-duodenum incipha khona (kodwa ingavalwanga ngokuphelele) lapho izalwa.
• Umdlavuza we-Duodenal: Umdlavuza oqala e-duodenum.
• I-Duodenal diverticulum: I-protrusion encane efana nesikhwama esivela odongeni lwe-duodenum. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubangeli izinkinga noma kudinge ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuthi kutheleleke futhi kuvuvuke (i-diverticulitis).
• I-Duodenitis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-duodenum.
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amancane: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ingxenye yamathumbu amancane, okuhlanganisa ne-duodenum, ivaleka ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga nge-duodenum?

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwesimo onaso. Kodwa ngokuvamile, izimpawu zenkinga ku-duodenum zifana nezimpawu zezinye izinkinga ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla ((i-GI tract)). Zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuqunjelwa kanye negesi
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukungagayeki kahle ngemva kokudla
• Ukuhlanza igazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi esitulweni (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha okuvela esilondeni)

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-duodenum?

Uma udokotela ecabanga ukuthi unenkinga nge-duodenum yakho, angenza izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori.
• Izinqubo zokuthatha izithombe ukuze kubhekwe amaqhubu nokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum - isibonelo, i-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-CT scan, kanye ne-MRI.
• Ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukufaka ithubhu enekhamera (i-'scope') e-duodenum ukuze kubhekwe ngaphakathi kuyo - njenge-'enteroscopy' kanye ne-'endoscopy ephezulu'.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy (okubandakanya ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu bese uyihlola) kwenziwa ukuhlola ukukhula okungajwayelekile, njengomdlavuza.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo ze-duodenal?

Ukwelashwa kuncike nasesimweni. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ama-antibiotic anikezwa izifo ezifana ne-H. pylori.
• Ama-corticosteroids anikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okukhulu.
• Imithi enciphisa inani le-asidi esiswini noma enciphisa i-asidi esiswini - isibonelo , ama-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) , ama-histamine receptor blockers (ama-H2 blockers) , kanye nama-antacid .
• Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa izinkinga zesakhiwo noma ukwelapha umdlavuza - isibonelo inqubo ye-Whipple .

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine i-duodenum yami iphilile? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-duodenum iyingxenye yesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla sonke. Ngakho-ke, imikhuba emihle egcina uhlelo lonke luphilile nayo ilungele i-duodenum. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:

• Khetha ukudla okusiza uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla lusebenze kahle.
• Yidla ukudla okune-fiber eningi (imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele).
• Phuza amanzi amaningi. Zombili lezi zinto zizosiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwamathumbu akho futhi zivimbele ukuvaleka kwamathumbu akho amancane.
• Ukudla ukudla nemifino okungena-asidi kungasiza ekugcineni izinga le-asidi elinempilo emathunjini.
• Gwema izinto eziyingozi emathunjini akho.
• Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala obuningi kungalimaza izitho zomzimba wokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa ne-duodenum.
• Ukuphuza imithi yobuhlungu njenge-NSAID kaningi kakhulu futhi ngokweqile kungabangela izilonda ezibuhlungu.
• Uma unezinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, ungazinaki izimpawu.
• Izinto ezifana nokushintsha kwemikhuba yakho yamathumbu, ukungakhululeki esiswini, noma ukungagayi kahle ukudla kungase kube ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuthi udinga ukwenza ushintsho endleleni yakho yokuphila noma ukubona udokotela.
• Uma unezinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezingapheli ezingabe zisaba ngcono, ungalibali ukufuna usizo.

Ekuphetheni: Uhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla yilona olusisiza ukugaya ukudla esikudlayo, ukumunca izakhamzimba, nokususa imfucuza esele emizimbeni yethu. Nakuba i-duodenum iyingxenye encane yalolu hlelo, idlala indima enkulu emisebenzini emibili emikhulu - ukugaya ukudla kanye nokumunca izakhamzimba . Ngakho-ke, nakekela i-duodenum yakho. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokho ukunakekela impilo yakho yonke yokugaya ukudla. Yondla umzimba wakho ngokudla okunempilo. Khona-ke i-duodenum ingakugaya lokho kudla, ikumunce, futhi isize umzimba wakho uthole amandla.

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