Cabanga ngephunga lokudla okumnandi okuvela ekhishini, iphunga lezimbali eziqhakazayo egcekeni, noma iphunga lemvula entsha ewela phansi... Lawa maphunga anezela malini empilweni yethu? Amanye amaphunga abuyisa izinkumbulo ezindala, amanye asixwayisa ngengozi. Ngakho-ke, wake wazibuza ukuthi silithola kanjani leli khono elimangalisayo, ikhono lokuhogela? Iqhawe eliyinhloko ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu yi-nerve yethu yokuhogela, noma "i-Olfactory Nerve". Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale nerve encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu.
Kalula nje, iyini inzwa yokuhogela?
Inzwa yokuhogela iyona yokuqala kwezingu-12 ezikhethekile eziqala ebuchosheni bakho. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi imizwa ye-cranial. Ngakho-ke lena yinzwa ye-cranial number one (Cranial Nerve I). Ungase umangale ukuzwa ukuthi lena yinzwa emfushane kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Iqala ebuchosheni bakho bese iphela phezulu ekhaleni lakho, ngaphakathi.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nowukuphela kwale nerve ukukunika ikhono lokuhogela. Noma yini enephunga, isibonelo imbali, ukudla, ibhodlela lephunga elimnandi, ikhipha izinhlayiya ezincane, ezingabonakali emoyeni. Uma siphefumula, lezi zinhlayiya zingena ekhaleni. Kukhona amangqamuzana akhethekile ukuthola lezi zinhlayiya zephunga. Sizibiza ngokuthi ama-receptor ephunga. Lawa maseli athumela ulwazi lwephunga abalutholile ngqo ebuchosheni nge-nerve yephunga. Yilapho ubuchopho busitshela khona ukuthi, "Ah... leli phunga livela ku-bagel" noma "Lokhu kunuka njengezimbali ze-jasmine."
Inqubo yokunuka yenzeka kanjani?
Uhlelo lwethu lokuphunga lusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ngezimpumulo: Uma siphefumula ngendlela evamile, izinhlayiya ezinephunga ezivela endaweni zingena ngamakhala. Lezi zinhlayiya zitholwa yizitho zokwamukela iphunga ezitholakala phezulu ekhaleni. Njengesihluthulelo, kunezitho zokwamukela ezihambisana nenhlayiya ngayinye enephunga. Yindlela lezi zitho zokwamukela ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye esivumela ukuthi sithole izinkulungwane zephunga elihlukahlukene.
2. Ngemuva komphimbo: Uma uhlafuna ukudla noma uphuza isiphuzo, izinhlayiya ezinephunga ziyakhishwa ekudleni. Lezi zinhlayiya zihamba ziye phezulu emphinjeni zifike kuma-receptor okunuka ngemuva kwekhala. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi singanambitha futhi sinuke ukudla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma unomkhuhlane futhi ikhala lakho ligcwele, ukudla kunambitheka kabi ngoba le ndlela yokunuka ivinjiwe.
Kalula nje, ingxenye enkulu yenzwa yethu yokunambitha incike enzwa yethu yokunuka. Lokhu kokubili kuhlobene kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo olukhethekile olungaphakathi kwempumulo
Phezulu kwekhala lethu kukhona ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Olfactory Mucosa". Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzweleni iphunga. Lunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli:
- Amaseli e-Olfactory receptor: Lawa yiwo asebenza njengezinzwa zokuthola iphunga elithile.
- Amaseli asekelayo: Lawa anikeza amandla nokusekela kwamanye amaseli, njengabasizi.
- Amaseli ayisisekelo: Lawa amaseli 'abantwana' enza amaseli amasha okwamukela kanye namaseli asekelayo. Amaseli ethu okunuka ayafa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngakho lawa maseli yiwo enza amaseli amasha ukuze awathathe indawo yawo.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziba khona uma umsebenzi we-olfactory nerve uphazamiseka?
Uma lolu hlelo lokunuka luthinteka, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nenye noma ngaphezulu yalezi.
| Igama lenkinga (ngokwezokwelapha) | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Anosmia | Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele umuzwa wokuhogela. Isimo lapho kungekho muzwa wokuhogela nhlobo. |
| I-Hyposmia | Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela. Iphunga libuthakathaka kakhulu futhi likude. |
| I-Parosmia | Umuzwa wokuhogela ophambene . Isibonelo, ikhofi oyithandayo ingase inuke njengerabha elishile. Noma iphunga lezimbali lingase inuke njengento ebolile. |
| I-Dysosmia / Phantosmia | Ukunuka into engekho ngempela. Uhlala unuka iphunga elibi, njengomusi noma ikhemikhali, noma ngabe akukho okunye eduze. |
Yiziphi izimbangela zokuncipha noma ukulahleka kwemizwa yokuhogela?
Kunezizathu eziningi ezingathinta i-olfactory nerve. Ezinye zingezesikhashana, ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Sinus kanye nama-polyp ekhaleni: Izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokutheleleka kwe-sinus kungabangela ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwekhala. Lokhu kuvimbela ama-molecule ephunga ukuthi angafinyeleli kuma-receptor. Ama-polyp ekhaleni angavimba nendlela yokudlula ngale ndlela.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Amakhemikhali akhishwa ukubhema ugwayi nokuhlafuna ugwayi alimaza amangqamuzana athambile ezwa iphunga.
- Ukungahlanzeki kahle kwamazinyo: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane emlonyeni nezinkinga zamazinyo ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta umuzwa wokuhogela.
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda: Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukuxhuzula, kungalimaza inzwa yokuhogela. Imicu yemizwa edlula ethanjeni elithambile phakathi kobuchopho nekhala ingadabuka.
- Igciwane le-COVID-19: Inani elikhulu labantu abangenwe yi-coronavirus `(SARS-CoV-2)` balahlekelwe umuzwa wokuhogela okwesikhashana noma mhlawumbe unomphela. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yomonakalo kumaseli okuhogela kanye namaseli awasekelayo yileli gciwane.
- Imithi Ethile: Eminye imithi elwa namagciwane kanye neminye imithi ingabangela ushintsho ekuzweleni iphunga njengomphumela ongemuhle.
- Ezinye izifo: Inzwa yokuhogela ingathinteka nezifo ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa, njengesifo sikashukela, isifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sikaParkinson, izimila zobuchopho kanye nesifo sokuwa.
- Ubuthi namakhemikhali emvelo: Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali afana nezibulala-zinambuzane kungalimaza namaseli okuhogela.
Ingabe zikhona izinto esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulezi zinkinga?
Kunezinto esingenakuzilawula, njengomdlavuza wobuchopho noma isifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa singanciphisa ingozi ngokwenza izinto esingakwazi ukuzilawula.
- Gwema ukulimala ekhanda: Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela njengezigqoko zokuzivikela uma udlala imidlalo. Gwema imisebenzi eyingozi.
- Thola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19: Ukugoma kunganciphisa ukugula okubi kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nakho.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kuwusizo olukhulu ekuzweleni kwakho iphunga kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Nakekela impilo yomlomo wakho: Hlanza amazinyo akho nsuku zonke bese uwafaka nge-floss.
- Zivikele kumakhemikhali: Uma usebenza ngezinto ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, gqoka imaski.
- Thola ukwelashwa okufanele kwezimo zakho zezokwelapha: Uma unezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuzilawula kahle.
Ngingayibona nini udokotela?
Ukushintsha kwemizwa yakho yokuhogela ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo esingathi sína, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto.
Uma ulahlekelwa umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ngokuzumayo, noma uma umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ushintsha, ungakushayi indiva. Kungaba uphawu oluvela emzimbeni wakho.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela wakho:
- Uma ulahlekelwa umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ngokuzumayo.
- Uma iphunga lezinto selishintshile futhi lizwakala liphambene.
- Uma uhlala uzizwa sengathi unuka kabi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukungazinaki lezi zici kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphepha. Cabanga nje,
- Hlobo luni lwengozi olungaba khona uma kungekho phunga lokuvuza kwegesi?
- Kuthiwani uma ungawuzwanga umusi womlilo?
- Kuthiwani uma udle ukudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi, okonakele ngaphandle kokukunuka?
Ngakho-ke, umuzwa wokuhogela akuyona nje into esiyiphungayo, futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwethu. Uma unenkinga enjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko. Uzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu futhi akuthumele ekwelashweni okudingekayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inzwa yokuhogela iyinzwa ekhethekile evela ebuchosheni esinika ikhono lokuhogela.
- Umuzwa wokuhogela ubaluleke kakhulu ekunambithekeni nasekuphepheni kwethu.
- Umuzwa wokuhogela ungathinteka yizimo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumkhuhlane ovamile kuya ku-COVID-19, isifo sikashukela, kanye nokulimala ekhanda.
- Uma uzwa ushintsho oluzumayo, ukwehla, noma ukuphambuka kwemizwa yakho yokuhogela, ungakushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ukugwema ukubhema, ukuvikela ikhanda lakho, nokulandela imikhuba efanele yezempilo kungasiza ekuvikeleni le nzwa.
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