Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu obhekene nomdlavuza azizwe esaba kancane lapho udokotela wakhe ethi, "Sizofaka i-stem cell." Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngegama elithi "autologous", kusho ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amangqamuzana akho. Lena indlela enhle kakhulu yokunikeza umzimba wakho amandla okulwa nomdlavuza. Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngokuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, ukuthi kwenzani ngempela, nokuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani ngendlela elula kakhulu, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem le-autologous?
Cabanga ngalokhu. Ikhompyutha yakho yonakaliswe ngokuphelele yigciwane. Manje, ukuze ususe leli gciwane, kufanele 'uyifomethe' ngokuphelele ikhompyutha. Kodwa wenzani ngaphambi kwalokho? Ingabe 'uyawagcina' amafayela akho abaluleke kakhulu endaweni ehlukile?
Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem le-Autologous kuyafana.
Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uthole i-chemotherapy esezingeni eliphezulu noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza, amanye amangqamuzana akho egazi aphilile ayasuswa emzimbeni wakho futhi agcinwe eceleni ngokuphephile. Lawa maseli egazi “angamaseli omama” emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo enza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amasha, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, nama-platelet.
Uma ukwelashwa okunamandla okulwa nomdlavuza kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kulimaza namaseli ethu aphilile, ikakhulukazi umongo wamathambo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaseli akho aphilile agcinwe ephephile abuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Lawa maseli abuyela emmongo wamathambo futhi aqale ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi aphilile adingwa ngumzimba.
Lokhu kungase kungayiqedi ngokuphelele i-cancer, kodwa kungayiqeda i-cancer isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi ayinazo izimpawu futhi ayibonakali ezivivinyweni.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isimo somdlavuza 'Multiple Myeloma'. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ezimweni zomdlavuza ezifana ne-'Hodgkin lymphoma' kanye ne-'Non-Hodgkin lymphoma' ezingaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kwalokhu kwelashwa?
Ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa okunamandla kangaka, odokotela bahlola ngokucophelela impilo yakho iyonke, njengoba umzimba wakho udinga ukuba namandla ngokwanele ukumelana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okunemithamo ephezulu.
Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-`ECG` (i-Electrocardiogram) okuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- I-'Echocardiogram', ehlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Isikeni se-`CT` (Computed Tomography).
- Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC).
- Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso.
- I-biopsy iwukuhlolwa kokutadisha amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Namuhla, ukuze bakusindise ekubeni ulokhu uthola izinaliti, odokotela bangafaka ithubhu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-'Central Venous Catheter (CVC)' emthanjeni omkhulu osesifubeni sakho esingaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, konke kusukela ekuthatheni igazi kuya ekunikezeni umuthi kungenziwa kalula ngale 'CVC'.
Izinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko enkambisweni yokwelashwa
Lonke lolu hlelo lungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuvuna amaseli esiqu
Yilapho lawo maseli okuqala aphilile esikhulume ngawo esuswa khona emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-Apheresis'.
- Imithambo esezingalweni zakho zombili izoxhunywa emshinini wokuhlukanisa amaseli.
- Igazi elincane lingena emshinini lisuka engalweni eyodwa.
- Lo mshini uhlunga kuphela amaseli okuqala avela kulelo gazi bese ufaka igazi elisele emzimbeni ngenye ingalo.
Lokhu kungathatha amahora amathathu kuya kwamane. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kungadingeka uhlale unganyakazi, kodwa ungafunda incwadi noma ubukele i-TV.
2. Ukulungisa umzimba
Lena yingxenye enzima kakhulu. Yilapho uzothola khona i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungathatha izinsuku eziningana. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoba nawe ukulawula noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ivele phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa kokulungisa isimo | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana | Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside |
| I-anemia (inani eliphansi legazi), isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, izilonda emlonyeni, ukulahleka kwezinwele. | I-Osteoporosis, i-cataracts, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kusenesikhathi, ukungazali, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibili. |
3. Ukufakelwa Kweseli / Ukufakwa Kwesitho
Lokhu kufana nokunikeza isisombululo se-saline noma iphakethe legazi. Amaseli akho okuqala, aqoqwe futhi agcinwa ngokuphephile, abe esebuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-IV noma i-CVC. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizohlala likuqapha izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ake sifunde ngesikhathi sokululama
Ngemva kokwelashwa, umzimba wakho uzoqala ukululama kancane kancane.
- Ukuxhunyelelwa: Amaseli okuqala asanda kufakwa ahamba egazini, ahlale emnkantsheni wamathambo, bese eqala ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi amasha anempilo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi 'ukuxhunyelelwa'.
- Ingozi Yokutheleleka: Ngemva kokuxhunyelelwa, ingozi yakho yokutheleleka iphezulu kakhulu kuze kube yilapho inani lamaseli akho amhlophe egazi libuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ezifweni phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
- Isikhathi sokululama: Kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-12 ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho alulame ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke ungasheshi. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza:
- Phumula ngokwanele: Ngezinye izinsuku ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu. Phumula ngalezo zikhathi.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni kusiza ekwakheni kabusha umzimba.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Uma nje uzizwa unamandla, qala ukwenza izivivinyo ezilula njengokuhamba. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yini entsha.
- Buyekeza imijovo yakho yokugoma: Ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, isivikelo osithole emijovo yobuntwana sizolahleka. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uphinde ugonywe nini nokuthi yimiphi imijovo okufanele uyithole.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokufakelwa kwe-Autologous kanye ne-Allogeneic?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili umthombo wamaseli. Ukuze uqonde lokhu kalula, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo Lokufakelwa | Amaseli okuqala atholakala kubani? |
|---|---|
| I-Autologous | Kusuka kuwe. Amaseli akho aqoqwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa komdlavuza. |
| I-Allogeneic | Kumnikeli onempilo. Ngokuvamile, izicubu zitholakala elungwini lomndeni elihambisanayo noma komunye umuntu. |
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokushesha
Ngisho noma uhlolwa njalo ngudokotela ngemva kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukwazisa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu zezinkinga. Qaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Imfiva
- Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
- Ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma impumulo egobhozayo
- Ukuchama njalo noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama (i-Dysuria)
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
- Isiyezi
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem le-autologous kuhilela ukuqoqa amaseli akho e-stem aphilile ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngomdlavuza bese uwabuyisela emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Lena inqubo enezinyathelo eziningi: ukuqoqwa kwamaseli, ukulungiswa kwemithamo ephezulu, kanye nokufakwa kabusha kwamaseli.
- Ingozi enkulu ngemva kokwelashwa ukuvela kwezifo ezingathi sína, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ezifweni.
- Kungathatha izinyanga ukuthi umzimba ululame ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke yiba nomusa kuwe futhi unakekele ukuphumula kwakho kanye nokudla okunempilo.
- Isiguli ngasinye sihlukile, ngakho-ke khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho okwelaphayo mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini kuwe, impumelelo yakho kanye nezingozi zakho.
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