Uma sicabanga nge-asthma, iningi lethu licabanga nge-inhaler. Eqinisweni, kubantu abaningi, i-inhaler iwusizo olukhulu ekulawuleni i-asthma yabo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanohlobo lwe-asthma olubi kakhulu, kunezikhathi lapho kunzima khona ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ngendlela efanele. Ukuphefumula kuba nzima futhi kukhathale. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela entsha, ethuthukisiwe yokwelapha eyethulwa ukulawula izimo ezinjalo ze-asthma ezinzima. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Biologic Therapy.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Biologic Therapy?
Lokhu kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha i-asthma enzima. I-inhaler esivame ukuyisebenzisa ikhulula imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Kodwa lokhu kwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuhlukile kancane.
Cabanga ukuthi kunezinto ezincane emizimbeni yethu ezibangela i-asthma, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies, amaseli, noma ama-molecule . Ukwelashwa nge-biologic kuhlasela futhi kuvimbele ngqo isenzo salezo zinto ezibangela i-asthma. Kufana nokuthola impande yenkinga nokuyixazulula.
Lokhu kwelashwa kunciphisa ukuvama kokuqubuka kwesifo sofuba, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, futhi kwabanye abantu, kungathuthukisa nokusebenza kwamaphaphu ngezinga elithile.
Lo muthi unikezwa kanjani emzimbeni?
Ukwelashwa ngebhayoloji akukwazi ukuthathwa njengephilisi. Kunikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Njengomjovo: Lona umjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngokwezokwelapha, ubizwa ngokuthi umjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba .
2. Ngokuwufaka emthanjeni: Njengokunikeza usawoti, umuthi ufakwa emzimbeni nge-cannula. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumnika ngemithambo yegazi (IV) .
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-biologic akuyona indlela yokwelapha yodwa. Kufanele isetshenziswe kanye neminye imithi ye-asthma osuvele uyisebenzisa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokuthatha imithi udokotela wakho akunike yona, njenge:
- Imithi yokungezwani komzimba: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-corticosteroids , ama-antihistamine , kanye nemithi yokulwa ne-tileukotriene (isibonelo, i-montelukast ).
- Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy , le mithi inganciphisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-asthma inhaler: Noma yimuphi umuthi wokuphefumula onikezwe ukulawula i-asthma yakho enzima kufanele uqhubeke nalokhu kwelashwa.
Ubani ngempela lokwelashwa okufanelekelayo?
Ukwelashwa nge-biologic akunikezwa bonke abaguli be-asthma. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici eziningana ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa. Bheka ukuthi uke wabhekana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zinto.
- Uma izimpawu zakho zingalawulwa naphezu kokusebenzisa imithi yakho ye-asthma oyinikezwe ngudokotela, ikakhulukazi i-inhaler yakho, ngendlela efanele .
- Uma unezinga eliphezulu lezinto ezithile egazini lakho , ikakhulukazi ama-eosinophils ( uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini) noma amazinga aphezulu e-allergens (i-immunoglobulin E noma i-IgE) .
- Uma wazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-asthma yakho bese uzama ukuyigwema, kodwa izimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka .
- Uma uvuka phakathi nobusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula .
- Uma kufanele usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngesonto.
- Uma kufanele usebenzise imithi efana ne -corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngonyaka lapho i-asthma yakho iba yimbi kakhulu.
- Uma kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngonyaka ngenxa yezimpawu ze-asthma.
- Uma kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela futhi uthole ukwelashwa ngenxa yesifo sofuba.
Uma unesifo esifana nalesi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa ngebhayoloji kulungile yini kuwe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ye-biologic esetshenziselwa i-asthma?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yebhayoloji evunyelwe yizikhungo ezifana ne-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ngayinye yazo isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini.
| Igama lomuthi (igama lomkhiqizo) | Isebenza kanjani futhi ifanelekela bani? | Indlela yokunikeza | Imiphumela emibi evamile |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Omalizumab (Xolair®) | Yelapha i-asthma ebangelwa ukungezwani komzimba. Ivimba i-antibody ebangela impendulo yokungezwani komzimba. Ifanele abantu abanokungezwani komzimba nezibungu zothuli, izilwane ezifuywayo, amaphela, isikhunta, njll. | Umjovo owodwa noma emibili njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane. Ekuqaleni inikezwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, bese eminye itholakala ekhaya. | Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. |
| I-Mepolizumab (Nucala®) | Yelapha i-asthma ye-eosinophilic. Ivimba into ebizwa ngokuthi i-IL5 esebenza kuma-eosinophils egazini. | Umjovo owodwa njalo emavikini ama-4. Ungathathwa ekhaya. | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova, ubuhlungu emhlane, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala. |
| I-Reslizumab (Cinqair®) | Lokhu futhi kwelapha i-asthma ye-eosinophilic. Njenge-mepolizumab, iyavimba (IL5). | Inikezwa njengokufakwa kwe-IV njalo emavikini ama-4. Kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora. Kudingeka ukubhekwa ngudokotela ekuqaleni. | Umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha. |
| I-Benralizumab (I-Fasenra®) | Yelapha i-asthma ye-eosinophilic. Yehlisa inani lama-eosinophils egazini. | Imithamo yokuqala emi-3 inikezwa njalo emavikini ama-4, bese kuba njalo emavikini ayi-8. | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu. |
| I-Dupilumab (Dupixent®) | Yelapha i-asthma ye-eosinophilic. Ivimba ezinye izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. | Umjovo owodwa njalo emavikini ama-2. | Umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo, ukwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi. |
| I-Tezepelumab (Tezspire®) | Umuthi omusha we-biologic we-asthma. Welapha i-asthma enzima ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. | Umjovo owodwa njalo emavikini ama-4. | Umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga. |
Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa
Kuvamile ukuthi kuphakame imibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho lapho uxoxa ngokwelashwa okusha okufana nalokhu. Ake sibheke izimpendulo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
Kuze kube manje, akukho sincomo esiqondile sokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kuthathwe isikhathi esingakanani. Kungathatha okungenani izinyanga ezine ukuthola ukuthi kuyasiza yini ezimpawini zakho ze-asthma. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.
Yimuphi umuthi we-biologic ongcono kakhulu?
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuthi owodwa ungcono kunomunye. Akukho ucwaningo oluqhathaniswayo lwale mithi. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okulungele wena. Uzocabangela izinto eziningi, njengokuhlolwa kokuphefumula kwakho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nohlobo lwe-asthma onayo.
Ingabe ngidinga ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-inhaler?
Yebo! Impela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-biologic, ungalokothi uyeke ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho kanye neminye imithi ye-asthma. Uma i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kahle, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukunciphisa umthamo we-inhaler yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa leso sinqumo sixhomeke kuwe.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokwelapha ngebhayoloji?
Inzuzo eyinhloko yalokhu kwelashwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya nokulawula izimpawu ze-asthma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinzuzo eziningana:
- Uzokwazi ukwenza imisebenzi evamile yomzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba .
- I-asthma iba yimbi kakhulu, imvamisa yokugijimela ku-ETU iyancipha.
- Isidingo noma umthamo wemithi yokungezwani komzimba ungancishiswa.
- Ngilala kahle ngoba angivuki ebusuku ngoba nginenkinga yokuphefumula.
- Inani lezinsuku ophuthelwa yisikole noma umsebenzi ngenxa ye-asthma lizoncipha.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalokhu kwelashwa?
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngebhayoloji kuphephile impela. Kodwa-ke, njengayo yonke imithi, kunezingozi ezithile kanye nemiphumela emibi.
- Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba: Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangaba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba kulo muthi. Kungabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, amaqhubu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Kodwa ungesabi. Yingakho odokotela bezokuqapha cishe amahora amabili ngemva kokukunikeza umuthi.
- Ingozi ekhulayo yokutheleleka yizinambuzane: Imithi yebhayoloji, ikakhulukazi leyo enciphisa inani lama -eosinophil egazini, ingandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo zezinambuzane. Lawa ma-eosinophil angamaseli asiza amasosha ethu omzimba ukulwa nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ama-helminth .
- I-asthma iyaba yimbi uma ukwelashwa kuyekwa: Uma uyeka ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuzumayo, kungenzeka ukuthi izimpawu zakho ze-asthma zizoba zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho?
Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo.
- Uma izimpawu zakho ze-asthma zingathuthuki noma zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana zokwelashwa.
- Uma izimpawu ezintsha zokungezwani komzimba (njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa) ziqala ukuvela.
- Uma uphuthelwa usuku kufanele uphuze umuthi wakho noma udinga ukuwushintsha.
- Uma uneminye imibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu kwelashwa.
Ngingayitholaphi le ndlela yokwelapha? Ingabe imbozwe umshwalense?
Udokotela ogxile kwi-asthma uzonquma ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-biologic kulungile yini kuwe. Uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho, imithi yamanje, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ehhovisi likachwepheshe noma eyunithi ekhethekile (isikhungo sokufaka umuthi) esibhedlela.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungabiza kakhulu, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi umshwalense wakho uzowukhokhela yini. Angakusiza uqinisekise ngokukhuluma nenkampani yakho yomshwalense. Ezinye izinkampani zemithi zinikeza nezinhlelo zokusiza ngezimali kubantu abathola lokhu kwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa nge-biologic kuyindlela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe ye-asthma enzima okunzima ukuyilawula ngemithi evamile.
- Lokhu akulona neze ithuba lokufaka i-inhaler yakho esikhundleni sayo. Kufanele uqhubeke nokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho.
- Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukubona imiphumela yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke bekezela.
- Uchwepheshe wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi webhayoloji ofanele wena.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona nodokotela wakho.
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