Uma udokotela ekutshela wena noma othile omaziyo ukuthi unomdlavuza we-colonectal, igama elilandelayo olizwayo lithi '
i-chemotherapy .' Ukuzwa leli gama kwenza abantu abaningi bazizwe besaba futhi bekhungathekile. Kodwa kuyini ngempela? Kuzokwenzekani kulo? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele siyesabe ngempela? Ake sibeke eceleni yonke imibuzo esinayo ngalokhu bese sikhuluma ngakho kalula nangokwethembeka.
Iyini ngempela i-chemotherapy?
Kalula nje,
i-chemotherapy iwumuthi onamandla onikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Kufana nokumemezela impi nesitha emzimbeni wethu. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokunikeza lo muthi emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa ngemithambo yegazi njengesixazululo sikasawoti, kanti ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa njengephilisi. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi ofanele wena, umthamo, kanye neshejuli. Odokotela basebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa nge-chemotherapy ngezinjongo ezahlukene. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini.
I-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa)
Ake sithi unesimila esinomdlavuza, futhi sikhulu kancane. Khona-ke kungaba nzima ukusisusa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, lo muthi
we-chemotherapy unikezwa
ukuze unciphise isimila, okungukuthi, ukuze sinciphe . Uma isimila sisincane, udokotela ohlinzayo angasisusa ngokuphelele kalula futhi kube nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mshini we-chemotherapy unikezwa kanye nokwelashwa
ngemisebe , ngoba lapho ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kuyaphumelela kakhulu.
I-chemotherapy engeziwe (i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa)
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila somdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube neseli elilodwa noma amabili amancane kakhulu omdlavuza asele emzimbeni angabonakali emehlweni ethu. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa
ukuze kubhujiswe ngokuphelele lawo maseli asele . Lokhu kufana nokushanela indlu kahle bese uyisula ukuze kususwe uthuli lokugcina. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni
umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
I-chemotherapy yokwelapha ubuhlungu obungapheli (i-chemotherapy enikezwa ukulawula izimpawu)
Kwezinye izimo ezithuthukile, umdlavuza ungase usabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (isibonelo, isibindi). Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlinzwa kukodwa kungase kungakwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Kuleso simo, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy
ukuze kuncishiswe umdlavuza, kuncishiswe izimpawu (njengobuhlungu), futhi kwandiswe impilo yesiguli futhi kwenziwe impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula .
Ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha efanele wena, kungcono ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
Imithi eyinhloko esetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ake sibheke eminye yayo nokuthi inikezwa kanjani.
| Igama Lomuthi | Indlela yokunikeza kanye nolwazi olujwayelekile |
|---|
| 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) | Umuthi oyinhloko osetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi. Unikezwa ngemithambo yegazi futhi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma unikezwa nevithamini ebizwa ngokuthi i-leucovorin . |
| I-Capecitabine (i-Xeloda) | Uthathwa njengephilisi. Lo muthi uguqulwa ube yi-5-FU emzimbeni. Unikezwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-rectal. |
| I-Irinotecan (i-Camptosar) kanye ne -Oxaliplatin (i-Eloxatin) | Lezi zivame ukunikezwa kanye ne-5-FU noma i-Xeloda ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ezimweni ezithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona. |
| I-Trifluridine ne-tipiracil (i-Lonsurf) | Inhlanganisela yemithi emibili eza ngesimo samaphilisi. |
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa
ngemijikelezo . Okusho ukuthi, umuthi unikezwa izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto noma amabili, kulandelwe isonto noma amabili okuphumula. Ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka ngale ndlela cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukwelashwa okuthinta umzimba futhi okunikezwa endaweni ethile kuphela.
Uma imithi ye-chemo ithathwa njengamaphilisi noma inikezwa emthanjeni, ingena egazini bese ihamba emzimbeni wonke ukuze ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi
i-systemic chemotherapy . Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungaqondiswa esithweni esithile lapho umdlavuza usakazeke khona. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza ususakazeke esibindini,
i-chemoembolization ye-hepatic arteryLokhu kuhilela ukuvimba okwesikhashana noma unomphela umthambo oyinhloko ohlinzeka ngegazi esibindini (umthambo wesibindi), kanye nokufaka i-chemotherapy phakathi kokuvaleka nesibindi. Lokhu kuvumela umuthi ukuthi uye ngqo esibindini, kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Targeted Therapy
Lezi yimithi emisha ehluke kancane ku-chemo ejwayelekile. Le mithi
ihlasela izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni athile kumaseli omdlavuza futhi iwahlasele . Ngamanye amazwi, ifana nokuthola indawo ebuthakathaka yesitha bese uyihlasela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli aphilile awonakaliswa kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi anikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ngezinye izikhathi, asetshenziswa lapho i-chemotherapy ejwayelekile ingasasebenzi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Bevacizumab (Avastin), i-Cetuximab (Erbitux), kanye ne-Panitumumab (Vectibix).
Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-chemo?
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha. Kodwa kungathinta futhi
amangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha emizimbeni yethu. Isibonelo, amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwemilomo yethu, amangqamuzana akhulisa izinwele, kanye namangqamuzana asemongweni wethu wamathambo. Imiphumela emibi iyenzeka ngoba lawo maseli anempilo ayalimala.
| Ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile | Imiphumela emibi engaba khona |
|---|
| Amaseli omgudu wokudla (umlomo, amathumbu) | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, izilonda emlonyeni (mucositis), isifo sohudo |
| Ama-follicle ezinwele | Ukulahlekelwa izinwele |
| Isikhumba | Ukuqubuka, ukubomvu, kanye nobuhlungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni (i-Hand-foot syndrome) |
| Umkantsha | |
Le miphumela emibi ayiveli kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngemithi kanye nesiguli ngasinye. Isibonelo, umuthi othi `Oxaliplatin` ungabangela ukulimala kwemizwa kwabanye abantu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi. Ezimweni eziningi, kunemithi nezinye izindlela zokulawula nokunciphisa lokhu. Ngakho ungesabi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho konke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Isetshenziswa ngaphambi, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukulawula izimpawu, kuye ngesimo sakho.
- Uhlobo lomuthi, indlela onikezwa ngayo, kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywa udokotela wakho. Akufani kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Imiphumela emibi ingase ivele, kodwa eminingi ingalawulwa. Ungesabi ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ozizwayo.
- Sicela uxoxe nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngale nqubo yokwelashwa nodokotela wakho. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo.
Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza, imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy, i-5-FU
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