Uma wena noma othile omaziyo etholakala enomdlavuza we-colorectal, elinye lamagama okuqala ongawezwa kudokotela wakho yi-'chemotherapy' ( chemotherapy ). Kwabaningi, ukuzwa leli gama nje kungaba yinto eqeda amandla noma eyethusayo. Kodwa liyini ngempela? Lisebenza kanjani? Ingabe liyethusa njengoba lizwakala? Ake sibeke eceleni ukungaqiniseki futhi sibe nengxoxo elula, evulekile, nezwela ngalokho okudingeka ukwazi.
Kuyini Ngempela Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy?
Kalula nje, i-chemotherapy ibhekisela emithini enamandla esetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Cabanga ngayo njengokuqalisa ukuzivikela okuqondiwe esitheni emzimbeni wakho. Le mithi inganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana; ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (ngomthambo, njenge-IV drip), kanti ngezinye izikhathi ithathwa njengamaphilisi omlomo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma imithi eqondile, umthamo, kanye nesimiso esifanele isimo sakho esithile.
Odokotela basebenzisa i-chemotherapy ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo.
I-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa)
Uma isimila sikhulu, ukusisusa ngokuhlinzwa kungaba nzima. Kulezi zimo, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa . Uma isimila sisincane, udokotela wakho angasisusa ngempumelelo futhi kube nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhambisana nokwelashwa ngemisebe ( imisebe ) ukuze uhlelo lonke lokwelashwa luphumelele kakhudlwana.
Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy Okungeziwe (Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa)
Ngisho nangemva kokuba isimila sisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa, kunethuba lokuthi amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza amancane kakhulu angasala angabonakali ngeso lenyama. I-adjuvant chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asele , isebenza njengokuhlanza kokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke okusemandleni kuyasuswa. Lokhu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
Ukwelashwa Nge-Palliative Chemotherapy (Ukuphathwa Kwezimpawu)
Ezimweni ezithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ungase usabalale khona kwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengesibindi, ukuhlinzwa kuphela kungase kungabi ngokwanele ukwelapha lesi sifo. Kulezi zimo, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amathumba, ukuphatha izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho iyonke , okukusiza ukuthi uhlale ukhululekile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha efanele wena, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuba nengxoxo evulekile nethembekile nodokotela wakho.
Imithi Evamile Yomdlavuza We-Colorectal
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-colon. Nansi eminye yemithi evamile nokuthi ivame ukunikezwa kanjani.
| Igama Lomuthi | Ukuphatha kanye Nokubuka Konke |
|---|---|
| 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) | Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo okusetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi. Kunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi futhi kuvame ukusebenza kangcono uma kuhlanganiswa nevithamini ebizwa ngokuthi i-leucovorin . |
| I-Capecitabine (i-Xeloda) | Ithathwa njengephilisi. Uma isingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, iguqulwa ibe yi-5-FU. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamathumbu ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. |
| I-Irinotecan (i-Camptosar) kanye ne -Oxaliplatin (i-Eloxatin) | Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ezimweni ezithuthukile, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ne-5-FU noma i-Xeloda. |
| I-Trifluridine ne-tipiracil (i-Lonsurf) | Inhlanganisela yemithi emibili ethathwa ngesimo samaphilisi. |
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemijikelezo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzothola imithi izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa, kulandelwe isikhathi sokuphumula sesonto noma amabili ukuze umzimba wakho ululame. Le nqubo ivame ukuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukwelashwa Okuhlelekile vs. Okuqondiwe
Uma i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi, ingena egazini lakho bese ihamba kuwo wonke umzimba ukuze ithole amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-systemic chemotherapy .
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingagxila ezindaweni ezithile. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele esibindini, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-chemoembolization of the hepatic artery ingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuvimba okwesikhashana noma unomphela ukuphakelwa kwegazi esibindini kanye nokufaka imithi ye-chemotherapy ngqo endaweni, kunciphisa umthelela womuthi kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Indlela Eqondile
Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kuyimithi yesimanje, ekhethekile ehlukile kumakhemikhali endabuko. Esikhundleni sokuhlasela wonke amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha, le mithi ihlose ngqo izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni ahlukile ngaphakathi kwamaseli omdlavuza. Empeleni iwukuthola 'indawo ebuthakathaka' kumdlavuza nokuhlasela lokho kuphela, okuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni okuncane kwamaseli anempilo.
Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy noma lapho izinketho zendabuko zingasasebenzi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-`Bevacizumab (Avastin)`, i-`Cetuximab (Erbitux)`, kanye ne-`Panitumumab (Vectibix)`.
Imiphumela Engemihle: Okufanele Ukwazi
Ngenxa yokuthi i-chemotherapy ihlasela amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha, ingathinta namaseli anempilo emzimbeni wakho ahlukana ngokushesha, njengalawo asemlonyeni wakho, emafolini ezinwele, kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Imiphumela emibi iyenzeka lapho la maseli anempilo ethinteka okwesikhashana.
| Indawo Ethintekile | Umphumela Ongase Ube Khona |
|---|---|
| Indlela Yokugaya Ukudla (Umlomo, Amathumbu) | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, izilonda emlonyeni (mucositis), isifo sohudo |
| Ama-Follicle Ezinwele | Ukulahlekelwa izinwele |
| Isikhumba | Ukuqubuka, ukubomvu, noma ubuhlungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni (i-Hand-foot syndrome) |
| Umkantsha |
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Khumbula, imiphumela emibi iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu kuye ngokuthi umuthi osetshenzisiwe kanye nezici zempilo zomuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, i-'Oxaliplatin' ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela ukuzwela kwemizwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi. Ezimweni eziningi, kunemithi namasu atholakalayo okuphatha noma ukunciphisa lezi zimpawu. Awuwedwa kulokhu—khuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Kuye ngesimo sakho, ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukulawula izimpawu.
- Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ngokwezifiso imithi, umthamo, kanye neshejuli eqondene nawe.
- Imiphumela emibi ingenzeka, kodwa eminingi iyalawuleka. Unganqikazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ozizwayo.
- Uma unemibuzo noma unemibuzo oyisabayo, xoxa ngayo nodokotela wakho womdlavuza. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo.
Umdlavuza we-Coloral Rectum, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy, i-5-FU
