Wake walibona igama elithi 'Blasts' uma ubheka umbiko wakho wegazi? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi unelukuluku uma ulibona. Ngoba leli gama elingajwayelekile empeleni lisho okuningi ngempilo yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ayini lawa ma-Blasts, ukuthi abaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu, nokuthi inani lawo elikhulayo libonisani. Ungakhathazeki, masiqonde lokhu kalula.
Ayini ama-Blast Cells ngamagama alula?
Kalula nje, amaseli okuqhuma “amangqamuzana amancane” noma amaseli angavuthiwe. Njengomntwana. Lawa amaseli avuthwa kamuva, okungukuthi, akhula, abe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ezidingwa yimizimba yethu. Kodwa uma umbiko wakho webhulebhu ukhuluma “ngokuqhuma,” cishe ubhekisela kumaseli egazi angavuthiwe . Odokotela begazi kanye nodokotela bezifo zomdlavuza babheka inani lala maseli okuqhuma egazini lakho ukuze benze iziphetho ngezifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene negazi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-Stem Cell nama-Blast Cell?
Lokhu futhi kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Cabanga ngamaseli okuqala njenge-"cell yokuqala" eqala yonke into. Kufana nesigaxa sobumba. Singenza noma yini ngalelo gaxa lobumba, njengembiza, indebe, noma yini. Yileyo ndlela amaseli okuqala anjalo. Angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli.
Amaseli okuqhuma ayisinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwala maseli okuqala. Manje sesiqalile ukwenza imbiza ngalelo bumba lobumba, futhi liyaqala ukuma. Manje asisakwazi ukuliphinda libe yindebe. Ngakho-ke, iseli lokuqhuma liyiseli eliqale ukuhamba uhambo oluthile. Okusho ukuthi, selinqume ukuba yiseli elibomvu legazi, iseli elimhlophe legazi, noma i-platelet. Yingakho amaseli okuqhuma ebizwa nangokuthi "amaseli angaphambi kwe-cursor."
Umsebenzi wamaseli okuqhuma emzimbeni wethu nokuthi akhiwa kuphi
Amaseli okuqhuma ayisigaba esisodwa nje enkambisweni yokwakheka kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Le nqubo yokwakheka kwegazi siyibiza ngokuthi 'i-Hematopoiesis'. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphakathi komnkantsha wethu. Umnkantsha ufana nefektri yokwenza igazi emzimbeni wethu.
Ngaphakathi kwale fektri, iseli eliyinhloko le-stem elibizwa ngokuthi i-`Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)` liveza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli okuqhuma:
- I-Myeloblast: Lawa maseli okuqhuma akhula kamuva abe amaseli abomvu egazi (athwala umoya-mpilo), ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-granulocyte - alwa nokutheleleka), kanye nama-platelet (asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi).
- I-Lymphoblast: Lawa maseli okuqhuma kamuva akhula abe ama-lymphocyte, olunye uhlobo olubalulekile lweseli elimhlophe legazi (ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela).
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lawa "maseli ezingane," noma amaseli okuqhuma, kudingeka ahlale ngaphakathi kwefektri ebizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha wamathambo aze avuthwe ngokugcwele. Kuphela lapho esevuthwe ngokugcwele futhi ekulungele ukusebenza lapho angena khona egazini. Ngakho-ke, uma umbiko uthi kukhona amaseli okuqhuma esampula yegazi lakho, kusho ukuthi "amaseli ezingane" aphumile efektri. Lokho kungaba uphawu lwenkinga.
Yini ebangela ukwanda kwamaseli okuqhuma?
Amaseli okuqhuma kufanele akhe ngaphansi kuka-5% wenani eliphelele lamaseli kumongo womuntu ophilile. Futhi, akufanele kube namaseli okuqhuma egazini lomuntu ophilile.
Uma unenani elikhulu lamaseli okuqhuma emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo noma egazini, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia, ikakhulukazi uma lawa maseli ebukeka engajwayelekile uma ebhekwa ngesibonakhulu.
Ungakuqonda kangcono lokhu kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isimo | Amaphesenti Eseli Lokuqhuma | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|---|
| I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | 20% noma ngaphezulu emnkantsheni noma egazini | Lona umdlavuza osakazeka ngokushesha. Amaseli okuqhuma angajwayelekile (ama-myeloblast) agcwalisa umongo wamathambo futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwamaseli egazi anempilo. |
| I-Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) | Phakathi kuka-5% no-20% womongo wamathambo | Lolu futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi. Amaseli aqhumayo afela ngaphakathi komnkantsha wamathambo ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kwamaseli anempilo futhi kubangele izimo ezifana ne-anemia. |
| I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Kuyahlukahluka ngesigaba:
| Lona umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha. Ubukhulu besifo bunqunywa yiphesenti lokuqhuma. Noma yini engaphezu kuka-20% iyingozi njenge-AML. |
| I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE) | 20% noma ngaphezulu komnkantsha | Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Amaseli okuqhuma angajwayelekile (ama-lymphoblast) akhula ngokweqile futhi athatha indawo emnkantsheni wamathambo. |
Ingabe amaseli okuqhuma anganda ngaphandle kokubangela umdlavuza?
Yebo, ungakwazi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwanda kwamaseli okuqhuma akusho njalo umdlavuza. Ezinye izimo kanye nokwelashwa okungewona umdlavuza nakho kungabangela amaseli okuqhuma ukuba angene egazini okwesikhashana.
- Izifo Ezibucayi: Lapho umzimba uthola ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge-'Sepsis', umzimba wethu uqala ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi ukuze alwe nalesi sifo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanye amaseli okuqhuma angakavuthwa angangena egazini esuka emnkantsheni wethambo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-G-CSF: Lapho kwenziwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayancipha. Ngaleso sikhathi, kunikezwa umjovo obizwa ngokuthi 'i-Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)' ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lo mjovo ungandisa okwesikhashana inani lamangqamuzana aqhumayo egazini.
- Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem ngenxa yesimo esithile, inani lamaseli okuqhuma linganda ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakheka kwegazi elisha.
Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi la maseli okuqhuma angewona umdlavuza avame ukubukeka ephilile ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Angenza umsebenzi wawo uma ekhula. Emdlavuzeni, sibona amaseli okuqhuma angajwayelekile, anesimo esingalungile.
Uhlola kanjani izinga leseli lokuqhuma?
Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana eziyinhloko ukuze bafunde ngamaseli okuqhuma.
- Ukusmeya Kwegazi Okungaphandle (i-PBS):Lokhu kuhilela ukugcoba ithonsi legazi lakho kuslayidi yengilazi bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole umbono oqondile wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaseli okuqhuma egazini, ukuthi abukeka kanjani, nokuthi iphesenti liyini.
- Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ulwazi olunembile noluphelele mayelana namaseli okuqhuma. I-bone marrow biopsy noma i-aspiration ihilela ukuthatha inaliti encane ethanjeni elikhulu, njengethambo lesinqe, bese kuthathwa isampula yomnkantsha. Bese ihlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale iphesenti lamaseli okuqhuma kanye nohlobo lwawo oluqondile.
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-platelet. Uma amaseli okuqhuma enyuka, inani lala maseli anempilo lingancipha.
Ngakho-ke ungesabi uma ubona 'ukuqhuma' embikweni wakho. Kungaba uphawu lwento engathi sína, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yisimo sesikhashana. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe. Uzokudlulisela kudokotela wegazi uma kudingeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli aqhumayo angamaseli egazi "asemancane" angavuthiwe. Awatholakali egazini lomuntu ophilile.
- Amaphesenti aphezulu amaseli aqhumayo egazini noma emnkantsheni (ikakhulukazi angaphezu kuka-20%) angaba yisici esibalulekile somdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia.
- Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okukhulu kanye nokwelashwa okuthile nakho kungandisa okwesikhashana inani lamaseli okuqhuma.
- Uma ubona igama elithi 'ukuqhuma' embikweni wakho wegazi, ungesabi futhi uthintane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uxoxe ngakho. Udokotela kuphela ongakunikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nesiqondiso.
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