Sonke sinegazi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa ubuwazi ukuthi akuzona zonke igazi ezifanayo? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa othile ethi, 'Uhlobo lwegazi lami lu-O' noma 'Uyena/yena u-B'. Luyini ngempela uhlobo lwegazi? Kungani lubaluleke kangaka ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo, njengokukhulelwa? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, luyini lolu hlobo lwegazi?
Uhlobo lwegazi luyisigaba esisiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi igazi lakho liyahambisana yini negazi lomunye umuntu. Kunezinhlobo ezine zegazi eziyinhloko: u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O.
Kodwa indaba ayipheli lapho. Baphinde bahlole ukuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi anenye iphrotheni ekhethekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Rh factor . Uma le Rh factor ikhona egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luhle (+) . Uma ingekho, ihle (-) .
Uma lezi ezimbili zihlanganiswa, kwakheka izinhlobo zegazi eziyisishiyagalombili ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwethu:
- Okuhle (A+)
- Okubi (A-)
- I-B Ehle (B+)
- B Okubi (B-)
- I-AB positive (AB+)
- I-AB Negative (AB-)
- O omuhle (O+)
- O okungekuhle (O-)
Ukwazi izinhlobo zakho zegazi kubalulekile uma kwenzeka othile edinga ukumpontshelwa igazi okuphuthumayo. Ukuqondanisa lezi zinhlobo zegazi kubalulekile nasekufakelweni kwezitho zomzimba.
Zitholakala kanjani lezi zinhlobo zegazi? Iyini i-antigen?
Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa yizimpawu ezithile ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zimpawu sizibiza ngokuthi ama-antigen .
Kalula nje, la ma-antigen afana negama elinamathiselwe kumaseli akho egazi. Leli gama yilokho okusetshenziswa yisimiso somzimba wakho sokuzivikela ukuze sibone ukuthi lawa maseli egazi 'angowakho' noma 'angaphandle'.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-antigen esizibhekayo. Zingu-'A' no-'B'. Sibiza lolu hlelo ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-ABO .
| Uhlobo lwegazi | I-antigen ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo A | Kukhona i-antigen eyodwa kuphela ye-A. |
| Uhlobo B | Kukhona i-antigen ye-B kuphela. |
| Uhlobo lwe-AB | Kukhona kokubili ama-antigen A kanye ne-B. |
| Uhlobo O | Akukho antigen A noma B ekhona. |
I-Rh factor esikhulume ngayo ngokulandelayo inqunywa ukuthi ikhona yini i-RhD antigen noma cha.
- Okuhle (+): Amaseli akho abomvu egazi ane-antigen ye-RhD.
- Okubi (-): Amaseli akho abomvu egazi awanawo i-RhD antigen.
Izinhlobo zegazi ezine-RhD yizona ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. I-RhD negative yisimo esingavamile.
Kungani izinhlobo zegazi kudingeka zivumelane?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga ngomuntu othole ingozi futhi elahlekelwa igazi eliningi. Kudingeka anikezwe igazi ngokushesha. Kodwa kudingeka anikezwe uhlobo lwegazi umzimba wakhe ozolwamukela 'njengelakhe'.
Kwenzekani uma unikeza uhlobo lwegazi olungahambisani?
Kalula nje, uma igazi eline-antigen engajwayelekile (ithegi yegama) lingena emzimbeni wakho, amasosha omzimba wakho acabanga ukuthi liyisitha bese eqala ukulihlasela. Lokhu kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu, ngisho nesongela ukuphila. Yingakho ukufanisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimpoqo lapho unikela ngegazi.
Nansi indlela izinhlobo zegazi ezihambisana ngayo:
| Uhlobo lwegazi lakho (umamukeli) | Abantu ongathola kubo igazi (abanikeli) |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ (Ophumelele eNyuvesi) | Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi lungatholakala. |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- (Umnikeli we-Universal) | Kungatholakala igazi lohlobo O kuphela. |
'Umnikeli Wegazi', lapho wonke umuntu anganikela khona ngegazi
Igazi lohlobo lwe -O negative (O-) libizwa ngokuthi 'umnikeli we-universal'. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu e-O- awanawo ama-antigen amakhulu, njenge-A, B, noma i-RhD, futhi anganikwa umuntu onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi ngaphandle kokubangela ukusabela. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho kungekho sikhathi sokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lwesiguli, odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu i-O- blood.
'Umuntu Othola Ukwelashwa Okujwayelekile' angathola igazi kunoma ubani
Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB (AB+) babizwa ngokuthi 'abamukeli begazi abajwayelekile'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi labo liqukethe wonke ama-antigen amathathu, u-A, u-B, kanye no-RhD, ngakho-ke umzimba wabo awuboni noma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi oluvela ngaphandle 'njengolwangaphandle'.
Uhlobo lwegazi luthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile komama abaningi. Ikakhulukazi, uma uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lune-Rh negative (-) kanti uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana lune-Rh positive (+), kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile.
Cabanga ukuthi ingane ithola isakhi sofuzo se-Rh esivela kuyise. Khona-ke igazi lomntwana liyi-Rh positive. Kodwa umama u-Rh negative. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha, elinye igazi lomntwana lingaxubana negazi likamama. Khona-ke umzimba kamama ubona amangqamuzana egazi e-Rh positive omntwana 'njengawangaphandle' bese uwahlasela.Ama-antibodies aqala ukukhiqizwa.
Lokhu kungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma umntwana olandelayo ekhulelwe ene-Rh positive, ama-antibodies umzimba kamama owawakha ngaphambilini angahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane.
Kodwa asikho isizathu sokwesaba! Manje sekukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu zalokhu. Uma uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, enye yezivivinyo zokuqala udokotela wakho azozenza ukuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye ne-Rh factor. Uma ungenayo i-Rh, uzonikezwa umuthi wokugoma obizwa ngokuthi i-Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngesikhathi esifanele. Lo muthi wokugoma uvimbela umzimba kamama ekwenzeni ama-antibodies ngokumelene negazi lomntwana.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo zegazi ezingavamile?
Yebo. Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ze-ABO ne-Rh esixoxe ngazo, kungaba khona amanye ama-antigen angaphezu kuka-600 ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi. Kunezinye izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa igazi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezisekelwe kulezi.
I-Rh-null ingenye yezinhlobo zegazi ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwegazi alunawo ama-antigen ahlobene nohlelo lwe-Rh. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu abangaphansi kuka-50 emhlabeni babikwe ukuthi banalolu hlobo lwegazi. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi 'igazi legolide'.
Ulazi kanjani uhlobo lwegazi lakho?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola.
- Buza udokotela wakho: Uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kungenzeka ukuthi lubhalwe emibikweni yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini owake wakwenza.
- Nikela ngegazi: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu neyigugu kakhulu. Uma unikela ngegazi, ibhange legazi lizohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho bese likunikeza ikhadi. Ngalo, ungazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho futhi usindise impilo yomunye umuntu.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Ungacela udokotela wakho ukuthi akunike isampula yegazi bese ehlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
- Uhlobo lwegazi olune-O negative (O-) 'lungumnikeli ophelele' futhi lunganikela ngegazi kunoma ubani. Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) 'lungumamukeli ophelele' futhi lungathola igazi kunoma ubani.
- Uma ukhulelwe, ikakhulukazi uma uhlobo lwakho lwegazi lune-Rh negative (-), qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezidingekayo seziyatholakala manje.
- Ukunikela ngegazi kuyindlela enhle yokusindisa impilo yomunye umuntu, futhi kuyindlela enhle yokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
- Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nezinhlobo zegazi, ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho.
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