Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye izingane? Mhlawumbe ayithandi ukubheka abanye nokukhuluma nabo, noma ukudlala nabo. Noma ingabe inomkhuba wokuphindaphinda izinto ezifanayo? Kuvamile ukuthi umzali azizwe esaba futhi ekhathazekile kancane uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibonisa lezi zimpawu, esasaziwa ngaphambilini kwezesayensi yezokwelapha ngokuthi 'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), kodwa manje esaziwa ngokuthi ' Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ungesabi yize igama selishintshile, masiqonde lokhu kalula.
Kungani la magama amabili? Uyini umehluko?
Esikhathini esidlule, ngaphambi kuka-2013, odokotela babesebenzisa igama elithi 'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)' ukuchaza ukubambezeleka okuthile kokukhula ezinganeni. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ubunzima bokuxhumana nabantu nokuxhumana nabanye, ukungafuni ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zesimiso, kanye nokunyakaza noma ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe.
Kodwa ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba se-PDD, kwakukhona ezinye izigaba eziningana ezifana ne-`(Asperger's syndrome)` kanye ne-`(Autistic disorder)`. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane ezinezimpawu ezifanayo zatholakala zinamagama ahlukene. Lokhu kwadida kancane abazali nodokotela ngokufanayo.
Kalula nje, ukuze kuqedwe lokhu kudideka futhi kwenziwe ukuxilongwa kucace futhi kube nembe kakhudlwana, zonke lezi zimo zafakwa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa: i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Ngakho-ke uma ubona igama elithi PDD encwadini noma esihlokweni esidala, khumbula ukuthi libhekisela esimweni esifanayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ASD manje.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
I-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) akuyona inkinga ethinta wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Ifana nemibala yothingo, esakazeke kuyo yonke i-spectrum. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zezinye izingane zingase zibe zicashile kakhulu , kanti ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezisobala kakhulu.
Ithebula elingezansi lingachaza lokhu kabanzi.
| Indawo yenkinga | Izimpawu ezivame ukubonwa |
|---|---|
| Ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana (Ukuxhumana Komphakathi Nokuxhumana) | |
| Ukuziphatha okuvinjelwe noma okuphindaphindiwe (Ukuziphatha Okukhawulelwe Noma Okuphindaphindwayo) |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi abanye abantu abanalesi simo bangafunda kahle, babe nemisebenzi, futhi baphile ngokuzimela. Singase singaqapheli nokuthi banalesi simo. Futhi, abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhubazeka okukhulu futhi badinge usizo lwabantu abadala.
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zalesi simo?
"Kungani lokhu kwenzeke enganeni yami?" Lona umbuzo abazali abaningi abazibuza wona. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele bayikhumbule kuqala ukuthi i-ASD ayibangelwa yiphutha labazali, amaphutha okukhulisa izingane, noma imijovo.
Ososayensi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-ASD. Kodwa-ke, izakhi zofuzo zibonwe njengesici esikhulu esithinta lokhu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona nje "isakhi sofuzo se-autism". Le ngozi ingandiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezici zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo .
Izici ezingase zandise ingozi:
- Umlando womndeni: Uma ingane eyodwa emndenini ine-ASD, ingozi yokuthi ingane elandelayo ibe nayo iyanda kancane.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 zisengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa zisencane kakhulu.
- Ubudala babazali: Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ingozi iyanda kancane ngokweminyaka yomzali oyedwa noma bobabili.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:Ingozi ye-ASD iphakeme uma kunezimo ezithile zofuzo. Isibonelo:
- Isifo se-Fragile X
- I-Tuberous sclerosis
- I-Down syndrome
- I-Rett syndrome
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
I-ASD ayikwazi ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okukodwa noma ukuskenwa kobuchopho. Kuwukuhlolwa okuphelele okwenziwa yithimba lochwepheshe. Udokotela wezingane wengane yakho uvame ukukudlulisela kuchwepheshe uma enezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengane yakho izinyanga ezingu-9, 18, kanye no-24/30.
Odokotela abanolwazi kulokhu yilaba:
- Odokotela Bezifo Zengqondo Bezingane
- Izazi Zengqondo Zezingane
- Odokotela Bezinzwa Bezingane
- Odokotela Bezingane Abathuthukayo
Bafinyelela ekuxilongweni okunembile ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwengane, babuze abazali ngokuziphatha kwengane kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana, bese benza ukuhlolwa okuningana okujwayelekile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza lesi simo kusenesikhathi, ngoba uma ukwelashwa okudingekayo kanye nokwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, ikusasa lengane lizoba ngcono.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-ASD okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingasiza ekuphatheni lesi simo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono engane, nokwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula enganeni .
Ukwelashwa kwemithi
Nakuba kungekho ikhambi le-ASD, imithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izimo ezingase zihlotshaniswe nayo. Isibonelo, izingane eziningi ezine-ASD nazo zinezimo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokunaka (ADHD) kanye nokukhathazeka. Imithi yalezi zimo ingasiza ezinye izingane. Odokotela bangase banikeze nemithi efana ne-risperidone kanye ne-aripiprazole ukulawula ukuziphatha okufana nentukuthelo enkulu kanye nokuzilimaza. Yonke le mithi kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kanye nezincomo zochwepheshe.
Ukwelapha
Okubaluleke kakhulu kunemithi yilezi zindlela zokwelapha, ezihlukahluka kuye ngezidingo zengane.
- Ukwelapha Ngenkulumo: Thuthukisa ikhono lokukhuluma nokuxhumana nabanye.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Ukusiza abantu ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokugqoka, ukudla, nokubhala ngokuzimela.
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Ukuthuthukisa ukunyakaza komzimba kanye nokulinganisela.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha:Ukulawula ukuziphatha okungafanele nokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okuhle. "Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA)" kuyindlela eyaziwayo ewela ngaphansi kwalokhu.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamakhono Okuxhumana Nomphakathi: Ukufundisa indlela yokuhlangana nabanye, ukwenza abangane, nokuziphatha emphakathini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Igama elithi 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)' liyigama elidala elisetshenziselwa isimo esaziwa ngokuthi 'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).'
- I-ASD yisimo sokukhula kwezinzwa esihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho, hhayi ukugula kwengqondo noma umphumela wephutha lomzali.
- Lesi simo 'siyi-Spectrum', okusho ukuthi sibanzi kakhulu ngamazinga ahlukahlukene amakhono nezinselele. Ingane ngayinye ihlukile.
- Uma unenkinga ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Nakuba lokhu kungenakuphulukiswa, izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, futhi uma kudingeka, imithi inganika ingane amakhono adingekayo ukuze iphile impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo.
- Hlonipha ubuwena kanye namakhono engane yakho. Ibona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile. Mnike uthando, ukwesekwa, kanye nesiqondiso ayidingayo.
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