Ingabe ubulokhu uzizwa ungaphilile izinsuku ezimbalwa, unezinhlungu nomkhuhlane? Mhlawumbe usebenza nezilwane, noma udla ubisi olungaphekiwe noma ubisi olukhishwe emanzini oluvela edolobhaneni. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lesi sifo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Brucellosis.
Iyini ngempela i-Brucellosis?
Kalula nje, i-brucellosis yisifo esibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Brucella. Okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi yisifo esidluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni siye kubantu. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi yisifo se-zoonotic. Lesi sifo singabangela izimpawu ezifana nokungakhululeki komzimba isikhathi eside, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile. Amanye amagama alesi sifo afaka phakathi i-Malta fever noma i-Mediterranean fever.
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu eSri Lanka, cishe amacala angu-500,000 abikwa emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu othola lesi sifo. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane kuye ngomsebenzi noma indlela yabo yokuphila. Bheka ukuthi uwela yini kulesi sigaba.
| Iqembu elisengozini | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Odokotela bezilwane kanye nalabo abasebenza nezilwane | Ngenxa yokuxhumana njalo noketshezi lomzimba noma izicubu zezilwane ezinegciwane. |
| Amapulazi obisi kanye nabasebenzi basemapulazini | Ngenxa yokuxhumana eduze nezilwane ezinegciwane njengezinkomo, izimbuzi nezimvu. |
| Abasebenzi benyama kanye nabasezindaweni zokuxhela | Ngenxa yokuphatha inyama eluhlaza kanye nezicubu zezilwane ezinegciwane. |
| Abazingeli | Ngenxa yokuphatha inyama nezicubu zezilwane zasendle njengenyamazane kanye ne-elk. |
| Izisebenzi zaselabhorethri | Uma uphatha igciwane le-Brucella ukuze ulihlole. |
| Abantu abadla imikhiqizo yobisi eluhlaza kanye nenyama engaphekiwe kahle | Ngokudla ubisi olungaphekiwe, ushizi, iyogathi, kanye nenyama engaphekiwe kahle. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu ze-Brucella zivame ukubonakala emavikini amabili kuya kwamane, noma ngaphezulu, ngemva kokuba igciwane selingene emzimbeni. Lezi zimpawu zingafika zidlule izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuzixilonga.
| Izimpawu eziyinhloko | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Umkhuhlane ungakhula usuku nosuku, futhi ungabonisa iphethini efana nokuthola umkhuhlane ngesikhathi esifanayo sosuku. |
| Ukujuluka | Ujuluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe iphunga elibi. |
| Ubuhlungu bamalunga | Ubuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinqeni, emadolweni, noma emhlane ongezansi. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala. |
| Ezinye izici | Ubuhlungu bekhanda, izinhlungu zesisu, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukucindezeleka, ukuvuvukala kwezindlala, kanye nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile. |
Sithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kakhulu ngezilwane ezinegciwane noma imikhiqizo etholakala kuzo. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani.
- Ukuphuza noma ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe: La magciwane angatholakala obisini olungaphekiwe, ushizi, kanye ne-ayisikhilimu evela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane. Kodwa khumbula, ukuphuza ubisi oluphekiwe ngeke kubangele lesi sifo. Le nqubo iyawabulala amagciwane.
- Ukuthintana nezicubu noma uketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esinalesi sifo: Uma unenxeba noma uklwebhe esikhumbeni sakho, amagciwane angangena emzimbeni wakho ngalo, noma ngamehlo akho, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni.
- Ukuphefumula amagciwane: Lesi sifo singasakazeka nangokuphefumula izinhlayiya ezincane eziba nomoya lapho kusetshenziswa izicubu noma igazi elivela esilwaneni esithelelekile. Abantu abasebenza emapulazini, ezindaweni zokuxhela, ezindaweni zokupakisha inyama, kanye nasezindaweni zokucwaninga basengozini enkulu.
- Ukudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle: Kukhona futhi ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo ngokudla inyama yesilwane esinalesi sifo ngaphandle kokuyipheka kahle.
Okubalulekile, ukudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye umuntu akuvamile kakhulu. Nakuba kube nezimo ezingavamile kakhulu zokudluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe, ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, noma ngesikhathi socansi, i-brucellosis akuyona isifo esidluliselwa ngocansi (STI).
Dokotela, ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu njengesifo?
Uma uya kudokotela wakho, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, umsebenzi wakho, ukuthi uthintana nezilwane yini, nokuthi udla izinto ezifana nemikhiqizo yobisi eluhlaza. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zifana nezinye izifo eziningi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo esingakanani.
| Ukuhlolwa | Wenzani? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi | Kuthathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies enziwa ngumzimba ngokumelene nebhaktheriya iBrucella , noma kwenziwa umzamo wokukhulisa amabhaktheriya egazini. |
| Ukuhlola ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi emzimbeni | Amasampula oketshezi lomgogodla kanye noketshezi lwamalunga ayathathwa futhi ahlolwe ukuthi akhona yini amabhaktheriya. |
| I-biopsy yezicubu | Kuthathwa isampula encane yezicubu, njengomnkantsha, bese ihlolwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe | Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scan, kanye ne-MRI scans kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola umonakalo emathanjeni noma ezithweni zangaphakathi njengesibindi kanye ne-spleen. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-brucellosis ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic . Kodwa-ke, i-antibiotic eyodwa kuphela ayanele. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zama-antibiotic zidinga ukusetshenziswa ndawonye.
Isikhathi sokwelashwa side kancane. Kufanele uthathe umuthi njalo okungenani amasonto ayi-6-8. Ungayeki umuthi phakathi nendawo ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono kancane. Uma wenza kanjalo, amathuba okuthi isifo sibuye aphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha umuthi kuze kube yilapho udokotela ekunika umuthi.
Amanye ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu yile:
- I-Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline )
- I-Rifampin
- I-Streptomycin noma i-Gentamicin
- I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
Buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuphatha izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga ngenkathi uthatha la ma-antibiotic.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ingabe zikhona izinkinga?
Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ngemva kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, kodwa ezinye izimpawu, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bamalunga njenge-arthritis, zingase ziqhubeke isikhathi esithile ngemva kokwelashwa.
Uma lesi sifo singatholakali isikhathi eside, kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile. Lezi zimbi kakhulu.
- Izimo ze-arthritis zesikhathi eside.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (i-hepatomegaly) noma i-spleen (i-splenomegaly).
- Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis).
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma ubuchopho obumboza (i-encephalitis noma i-meningitis).
- Ukutheleleka komgogodla noma amanye amathambo (i-spondylitis, i-osteomyelitis)
- Ukuvuvukala kwamasende kanye nemigudu ehambisana nawo kwabesilisa (i-epididymo-orchitis).
- Kumama okhulelwe, kukhona ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ukufa ngenxa yalesi sifo akuvamile kakhulu.
Ungasigwema kanjani lesi sifo?
Kunezinyathelo ezilula kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazithatha ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo.
| Okufanele ngikwenze | Kungani kubalulekile? |
|---|---|
| Gwema ubisi nemikhiqizo engaphekwanga. | Lena yindlela eyinhloko esidluliselwa ngayo lesi sifo. Gwema ukudla noma yini ebhalwe ukuthi "ubisi olungavuthiwe." |
| Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela uma usebenza nezilwane. | Ukugqoka amagilavu nezibuko kungavimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emzimbeni. |
| Pheka inyama kahle bese uyidla. | Ukupheka inyama kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele langaphakathi kuyawabulala amabhaktheriya. |
| Nakekela ukuhlanzeka. | Geza izandla, imimese, amabhodi okusika, nezinye izinto kahle ngensipho ngemva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza. |
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi uma ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kuba lula ukwelapha nokuvimbela izinkinga.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-39.4 (103 Fahrenheit).
- Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu kakhulu.
- Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Brucellosis igciwane elingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu.
- Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ukugwema ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe kanye nenyama engaphekiwe kahle.
- Lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthatha umuthi isikhathi sonke esinqunywe udokotela.
- Uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nezilwane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
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