Uma wake wadinga ukuhlinzwa, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-"anesthesia" ngaphambi kwayo. Abantu abaningi bayakwesaba lokhu. Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngizovuka yini?" nokuthi "Kuzokwenzekani uma ngisebenzisa i-anesthesia?" Kodwa empeleni inqubo ephephile kakhulu, eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa okugcwele kodokotela. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe nge -anesthesia ejwayelekile, noma konke okudingeka ukwazi ngakho.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile?
Ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile kwenzeka lapho ufakwa esimweni esifana nobuthongo obujulile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Empeleni, lokhu akusikho ukulala nje kuphela, kodwa isimo esijulile nesilawulwayo sokungazi lutho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu, futhi ngeke ukhumbule lutho olunye ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa .
Lo msebenzi wenziwa udokotela wezinzwa . Ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinzwa , okungukuthi, obangela ubuthongo. Kusukela ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa kuqala kuze kube yilapho sekuphelile, uze uvuke ngokuphelele futhi, lo dokotela wezinzwa uhlala eduze kwakho futhi aqaphe yonke intshukumo yakho. Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini phakathi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile nezinye izindlela zokubulala izinzwa.
| Uhlobo lwe-anesthesia | Kwenzekani kuyo? | Izimo zokusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Anesthesia Ejwayelekile | Umzimba wonke usesimweni esifana nokulala ubuthongo obukhulu. Akukho buhlungu noma ukungazi. | Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu (inhliziyo, ubuchopho), ukuhlinzwa okuthatha amahora amaningi. |
| I-Anesthesia Yesifunda | Ingxenye enkulu yomzimba wakho (isib. ngaphansi kwesinqe) ayizwakali. Usuqaphile, kodwa unikezwa imithi yokuphumula. | Ukuhlinzwa kwesisu (ukuhlinzwa kwesisu okungu-C), ukushintshwa kwedolo noma inqulu. |
| I-Anesthesia Yendawo | Indawo encane kakhulu kuphela ethintekile. | Donsa izinyo, thunga inxeba. |
| Ukulala okuncane (Ukuphumula) | Kukubeka esimweni sokuphumula, sokulala. Ungase ulale ngisho. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy, ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. |
Inqubo yokulahlekelwa yiphupho yenzeka kanjani?
Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka kancane kancane.
1. Ukunikeza imithi: Uma uya endaweni yokuhlinza, kuzofakwa i-cannula (umugqa we-IV) emthanjeni ongalweni yakho bese kunikezwa umuthi owuketshezi ngayo. Noma ngezinye izikhathi kuzobekwa imaski ebusweni bakho bese unikwa igesi yokuphefumula. Phakathi nemizuzu embalwa, uzowela esimweni esifana nobuthongo obukhulu.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula : Ngemva kokuba ungazi lutho nhlobo, udokotela wezinzwa uzofaka ithubhu elincane (ithubhu le-endotracheal) ngomlomo wakho lingene epayipini lakho lomoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umoya-mpilo ofanele phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Ngeke uzizwe ufakwa ngoba uzonikezwa umuthi wokuphumuza imisipha emphinjeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenziwe.
3. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo: Kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa, ithimba le-anesthesia lizohlala lilinganisa izinto ezilandelayo emzimbeni wakho:
- Izinga lokuphefumula
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo
- Ukushaya kwegazi
- Izinga le-oxygen egazini
- Amazinga oketshezi lomzimba
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zilinganiso, udokotela wezinzwa uzolungisa inani lemithi oyinikwayo, futhi uma kudingeka, akunike uketshezi noma igazi elengeziwe. Ngakho-ke uphephile kakhulu.
4. Ukululama: Uma ukuhlinzwa sekuphelile, udokotela uzoyeka ukukunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzoyiswa egumbini lokululama. Lapho uzoqala ukuvuka kancane kancane. Odokotela nabahlengikazi bazoqinisekisa ukuthi awuzwa ubuhlungu noma awuzwani nokunye ukungakhululeki.
Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa kulokhu?
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi zisetshenziselwa ukuvusa ubuthongo: imithi yokungena nge-IV kanye nemithi yokuphefumula.
Izidakamizwa ze-IV
- I-Propofol: Umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukufaka ngokushesha esimweni sokozela futhi kukusize uhlale kuleso simo phakathi nokuhlinzwa.
- I-Etomidate: Umuthi wesikhashana onikezwa ukuqala ukukhohlwa.
- I-Ketamine: Isetshenziswa yodwa noma kanye neminye imithi yokuhlinzwa okufushane.
Imithi Ephefumulwayo
- I-Sevoflurane: Igesi evame ukusetshenziswa ukuvusa nokugcina i-anesthesia.
- I-Desflurane: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi ukugcina i-anesthesia.
- I-Nitrous Oxide: Eyaziwa nangokuthi "igesi ehlekayo," ayinamandla ngokwanele ukubangela isimo sokulala okujulile ngokwayo, ngakho isetshenziswa kanye neminye imithi enamandla.
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wezinzwa bazokhuluma nawe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Bazokubuza nakanjani ngalezi zinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho ukukhuluma iqiniso ngalesi sikhathi futhi ungafihli lutho.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo).
- Yonke imithi oyisebenzisayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini kanye nemithi yendabuko).
- Ukungezwani komzimba onakho - ezintweni ezifana nemithi, amaqanda, isoya, njll.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyabhema, uyaphuza utshwala, noma usebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa.
- Ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukusabela ekubulaweni yizinzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini.
Ikakhulukazi, udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze lutho cishe amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuzila ukudla'. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi uma uzila ukudla, imisipha emzimbeni wakho iyakhululeka. Khona-ke ukudla esiswini sakho kungakhuphukela emphinjeni wakho kungene emaphashini akho. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi. Ngakho-ke landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Futhi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile ekhulisa ukopha, njenge-aspirin, cishe isonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi?
Ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile kungenye yezinto eziphephile kakhulu kwezokwelapha zanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunemiphumela emibi emincane kanye nezingozi ezingavamile kakhulu.
Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana evamile
Lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi namahora ambalwa noma usuku.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Umlomo owomile
- Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukushoshozela (ngenxa yomphimbo womoya)
- Ukozela
- Ukuthuthumela
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba
- Ukuluma
- Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo okuthile (ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile)
Labo abangase babe sengozini enkulu
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane yezinkinga ezivela ekubulaweni yizinzwa.
- Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile: Ukulawulwa kokubulala izinzwa nokuphefumula kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu kubantu abanesisindo somzimba esiphezulu.
- Asebekhulile: Ingozi inganda njengoba ukhula ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Abantu abanezinye izifo: Abantu abanezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, kanye nesifo sezinso.
- Abantu abane-Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
- Ababhemayo: Ingozi iphezulu ngoba ukubhema kuthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula.
- Abantu abaphuza utshwala obuningi: Abantu abayimilutha yotshwala bangase basabele ngendlela ehlukile emithini yokubulala izinzwa.
- Abantu abane-allergy emithini yokubulala izinzwa.
Akuvamile kakhulu, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayinkulungwane, ungase ube nezinga elithile lokuqwashisa (ukuqwashisa nge-anesthesia) ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile kuyinqubo ephephile kakhulu eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa okugcwele kodokotela ababulala izinzwa abangochwepheshe.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, tshela udokotela wakho konke okwaziyo ngempilo yakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nemikhuba (ukubhema/utshwala).
- Landela imiyalelo yezokwelapha, njengokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, njengoba kunjalo. Kungokuphepha kwakho.
- Izinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu ngemva kokubulala izinzwa ngokuvamile zingokwesikhashana.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukwesaba ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Bazophendula yonke imibuzo yakho.
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