Kuyini i-Burkitt Lymphoma? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ubuhlungu besisu engane yakho encane, noma iqhubu entanyeni noma emakhwapheni, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukhathazekile kancane. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu olungasakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke . Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Burkitt Lymphoma. Ungesabi uma uzwa igama, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oluhle ngalo.

Iyini ngempela i-Burkitt Lymphoma?

Kalula nje, i-Burkitt lymphoma umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha kakhulu okhula kuma -B-cell , uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi emzimbeni wethu. Ungoweqembu lomdlavuza elibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphoma, futhi uhlobo lwe -non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Uvame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Abanye abantu babiza nangokuthi isifo sikaBurkitt, i-Burkitt's lymphoma, noma isimila sikaBurkitt.

Ngokuvamile kuqala kuma -lymph node esiswini sakho noma e-pelvis. Kodwa kungasakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, njenge:

• Isisu (indawo yesisu)
• Umkantsha
• Umgudu wesisu
• Indawo yomhlathi
• Ubende
• Umphimbo
• Izindlala ze-tonsil

Ngenxa yokuthi ithuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi empilweni. Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi bangelapheka ngokuphelele . Lokho kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyaphela futhi ungahlala uphilile ngaphandle kokuba zibuye. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuphulukiswa kwesikhathi eside'.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zeBurkitt Lymphoma?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu:

1. Uhlobo lwesifo esivamile: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Afrika. Kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa negciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) .

2. Uhlobo olungavamile: Lokhu kubonakala emazweni afana ne-United States, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane. Lolu hlobo lubangela ngaphezu kwama-40% e-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ezinganeni.

3. Okuhlobene nokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba: Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka, kungaba ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne -HIV/AIDS noma ezinye izimbangela.

Kuvame kangakanani lokhu? Ubani okukuthola kaningi?

I-Burkitt lymphoma empeleni ingumdlavuza ongavamile. Isibonelo, e-United States, uhlobo olungavamile lwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaba ngu-4 kwezigidi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Luhlanganisa phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wazo zonke izinhlobo ze-lymphoma kubantu abadala.

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane , ngokuvamile eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 neyi-12.

Ziyini izimpawu? Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Izimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo. Zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• Umkhuhlane, ukucasuka, ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele (angase abonakale njengezigaxa ezindaweni ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nasesinqeni)

Cabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ibilokhu ikhala ngobuhlungu besisu izinsuku eziningana, ukuthi ayikwazi ukudla, nokuthi ijuluka kakhulu ebusuku. Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kumane kuyimfiva evamile yegciwane. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziba zimbi usuku nosuku, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Ngoba izimila ze-Burkitt lymphoma zingaphindeka kabili ngobukhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Kungani lesi sifo senzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Odokotela abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-Burkitt lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, bathole ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ku-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-MYC, elawula ukukhula kwamaseli ethu. Le gene ye-MYC ingaba namandla ngokweqile ngenxa yesici esikhethekile se-genetic esibizwa ngokuthi i-translocation .

ESri Lanka, njengakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, abanye abantu abangenwe yigciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV) bangenwa yi-Burkitt lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onegciwane le-EBV ozongenwa yilo mdlavuza.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simo?

Lo mdlavuza ungabangela ezinye izinkinga, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukwehla kwenani lamaseli egazi (i-anemia, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi, inani lama-platelet). Lokhu kungaholela ekumpontshelweni igazi.
• I-Tumor Lysis Syndrome : Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho ibhalansi yamakhemikhali emzimbeni iphazamiseka khona ngokukhishwa kwezinto ezivela kumaseli omdlavuza njengoba zifa ngokushesha.
• Ukuzivikela komzimba okubuthakathaka (okungenwa kalula yizifo).

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokulawula lezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Ukuze athole ukuthi une-Burkitt Lymphoma, udokotela wakho angase aqale enze i -lymph node biopsy , okuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane ye-lymph node evuvukele bese eyibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-CT scan: Ukuhlola izimila esifubeni, esiswini, kanye nasendaweni ye-pelvic.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Lokhu kuskena kugqamisa ngqo izindawo zomzimba lapho kukhona khona umdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo: Ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emnkantsha wethambo.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Ukuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza oketshezini olusemgogodleni.

Zinqunywa kanjani izigaba zomdlavuza?

Odokotela basebenzisa lezi zigaba ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani:

• Isigaba I (1): Umdlavuza usendaweni eyodwa kuphela, noma ku-lymph node eyodwa kuphela.
• Isigaba II (2): Umdlavuza utholakala ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ohlangothini olufanayo lwe-diaphragm , umsipha osisiza ukuphefumula.
• Isigaba III (3): Umdlavuza ukhona kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-diaphragm.
• Isigaba IV (4): Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-lymphatic, ezindaweni ezifana nesibindi, amaphaphu, kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Burkitt Lymphoma isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezitholakalayo yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy enamandla kakhulu, futhi iqalwa ngokushesha nje lapho isifo sitholakala.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Immunotherapy: Lokhu kusebenza ngokusiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi athole futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy, kodwa ngokuvamile kunikezwa abantu abadala.
• Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem: Lokhu kungasiza uma umdlavuza ubuya ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu akusetshenziswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezimweni lapho isimila sivimba amathumbu.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Udokotela wakho uzohlela ukulandelela ukuze aqaphe impilo yakho. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena kwe-CT.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninayo noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha :

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 Fahrenheit)
• Ukopha ekhaleni noma izinsini eziphuma igazi
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo noma ukuphuka okulula

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma usuthole ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-Burkitt Lymphoma, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Uphi umdlavuza?
• Lokhu kusezingeni lini?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe mina/ingane yami sizokwazi ukuya emsebenzini/esikoleni?
• Ingabe udinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe?
• Yini esingayilindela esikhathini esizayo (umbono)?

Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo se-Burkitt Lymphoma?

I-Burkitt Lymphoma ingumdlavuza ongelapheka ezimweni eziningi.. Isabela kahle ekwelashweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Izingane zibekezelela ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kangcono kunabantu abadala. Abantu abadala bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zempilo, ngakho ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kancane.

Lingakanani izinga lokululama?

Nakuba i-Burkitt Lymphoma iyisifo esibi kakhulu nesisakazeka ngokushesha, abantu abaningi basabela kahle ekwelashweni. Izinga lokusinda elijwayelekile lilandelayo:

• Isigaba sokuqala: Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-90% ziyalulama esikhathini eside.
• Ezinganeni ezisesigabeni esithuthukile: Phakathi kuka-80% no-90% ziyalulama.
• Abantu abadala: Izimpawu ezingaphezu kuka-50% ziyaphela ngemva kokwelashwa (`ukuxolelwa`).

Lezi yizilinganiso ezijwayelekile nje. Isimo sakho singase sihluke. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngesimo sakho. Ungesabi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesibindi.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ongazenza? (Amathiphu okuzinakekela)

Isikhathi sokwelashwa singaba nzima kancane, kodwa kunezinto ezingakusiza ukuthi ubhekane naso:

• Thola ukwesekwa: Ukukhuluma nabantu abake badlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kunezinhlangano zokusekelana lapho abantu abanjengani bengathola khona ukwesekwa.
• Phumula ngokwanele: Nika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama.
• Yidla kahle: Funa iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokudla bese udla ukudla okuzonikeza umzimba wakho amandla ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Hlela kusenesikhathi: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela.
• Thola usizo kwabathandekayo: Umndeni nabangane bakulungele ukukusiza.
• Sekela ingane yakho: Kukhona ochwepheshe abangasiza izingane ukuthi zibhekane nohlangothi olungokomzwelo lwalesi sifo (isib., uchwepheshe wempilo yengane).

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhathazekile lapho uthola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-Burkitt Lymphoma. Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi nokwesaba. Kodwa awuwedwa.

Nakuba lo mdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha, izinketho zokwelapha zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi futhi likusekele kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ngendlela enhle nokulandela iseluleko esinikezwa odokotela bakho.

I- Burkitt lymphoma, umdlavuza, umdlavuza wobuntwana, i-lymphoma, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, amaseli e-B