Ingabe yiqhubu emlonyeni? Ingabe lokhu kungaba umdlavuza wendlala yamathe? Ake sithole imininingwane!

Wake wazizwa uneqhubu emlonyeni wakho, esihlathini sakho, noma entanyeni yakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma lokho kwenzeka, akunjalo? Kodwa akuzona zonke iziqhubu eziyimidlavuza eyingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangelwa inkinga ngezindlala zethu zamathe, okungukuthi, izindlala ezikhiqiza amathe. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mdlavuza wezindlala zamathe ngokuningiliziwe, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Uyini umdlavuza wendlala yamathe?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wendlala yamathe umdlavuza okhula ezindlaleni zethu zamathe, izindlala ezikhiqiza amathe. Uyazi, lezi zindlala zamathe zitholakala emilonyeni nasemphinjeni yethu. Zikhiqiza amathe. Yileli khala elisisiza ukuthi siqale ukugaya ukudla esikudlayo.

Manje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamathumba ezakha kulezi zindlala zamathe.

• Izimila ezingenobungozi: Lezi azizona izimila ezinomdlavuza, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingadala izinkinga.
• Izimila ezibulalayo: Lezi yizo esizibiza ngokuthi umdlavuza.

Zombili izinhlobo zezimila zingakhula kunoma yiziphi izindlala zethu zamathe.

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?

Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wendlala yamathe awuvamile kakhulu . Ubangela cishe u-1% wawo wonke umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu yiMucoepidermoid Carcinoma kanye ne-Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Zizonke, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zibangela cishe ingxenye yawo wonke umdlavuza wendlala yamathe.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wendlala yamathe?

Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lezi zimila ezinomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yalesi simo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55 ubudala.
• Uma ubhema noma uphuza utshwala njalo, lezi yizinto ezibangela izifo eziningi.
• Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni ngaphambilini.
• Eminye imisebenzi ethile , njengabaphangi bamapayipi, izinkampani zokukhiqiza irabha, izimayini ze-asbestos, noma ukukhiqiza izimpahla zesikhumba, kuthiwa isengozini enkulu kancane.

Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza wendlala yamathe zivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezithile zamagciwane, njengegciwane le-Epstein-Barr kanye negciwane le-Human Papilloma (HPV). Kodwa-ke , lokhu akusho ukuthi la magciwane abangela umdlavuza . Lesi sixhumanisi sisacwaningwa.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wendlala yamathe?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza wendlala yamathe ayikaziwa.Lezi zimila zingakheka kunoma yiziphi izindlala zamathe emlonyeni wethu. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukwakheka ezindlaleni ezintathu ezinkulu zamathe. Lezi yizi:

• Izindlala ze-Parotid: Lezi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwezihlathi zethu.
• Izindlala ze-Submandibular: Lezi zitholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lomhlathi ongezansi.
• Izindlala ezingaphansi kolimi: Lezi zitholakala ngaphansi kolimi, phansi komlomo.

Esikhathini esiningi, izimila ezinomdlavuza kanye nezingezona umdlavuza ziqala ezindlaleni ze-parotid.

Lezi zinhlanza zingakhula nasezindlaleni ezincane zamathe, okuyizindlala ezincane ezitholakala emlonyeni wethu, olimini, ngaphakathi kwezindebe zethu, ngaphakathi kwezihlathi zethu, ngaphakathi kwama-sinuses ethu, ngaphakathi kwekhala lethu, ngisho nase-larynx yethu. Izimila kulezi zindlala ezincane azivamile, kodwa uma zikhula, iningi lazo cishe lingaba nomdlavuza.

Okubalulekile, uma lezi zinhlanzana zingalashwa, zingaphuka futhi zisakazeke (zisakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kungaba ngegazi noma ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic. Uma sezivele zinjalo, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzelapha. Umdlavuza we-salivary gland ungasakazeka emaphashini, emathanjeni nasesibindini.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-salivary gland?

Ngokumangalisayo, abanye abantu abanomdlavuza we-salivary gland abanazo izimpawu . Kodwa-ke, uphawu oluyinhloko oluvame ukubonakala ukwakheka kweqhubu elingenabuhlungu e-salivary gland.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesimila esibi, ungase ubhekane nezinye izimpawu, njenge:

• Ukuzwa ukungabi namandla noma ubuthakathaka ebusweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, noma emlonyeni.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli ebusweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, noma emlonyeni.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo ngokugcwele, noma ukungakwazi ukunyakazisa imisipha yobuso kahle.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Ukopha emlonyeni.

Uma unesifo esifana nalesi, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela.

Umdlavuza wendlala yamathe utholakala kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuhlola kuqala. Uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nomdlavuza, njll. Ngemuva kwalokho uzothinta izindlala zamathe bese ehlola amaqhubu. Uzohlola nokusebenza kwemizwa ebusweni bakho. Uzobuza nangezimpawu zakho.

Ngemva kwalokho, ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isimila noma cha nokuthi singumdlavuza. Lezi yizi:

• I-CT scan: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe zezimila ezindlaleni zamathe. Kufana nesithombe se-3D sangaphakathi lomzimba. Kungabonisa futhi ubukhulu besimila nokuthi ngabe sisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu noma amathambo.
• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet namagagasi omsakazo ukwenza izithombe ezicacile zangaphakathi lomzimba. Njenge-CT scan, lokhu kungakhombisa nosayizi wesimila. I-MRI ilungele kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezicutshini ezithambile njengemisipha, imithambo yegazi kanye nemizwa.
• `I-PET scan` (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe emzimbeni ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi i-`PET scan` kanye ne-`CT scan` zingenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo (`PET-CT`).
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu kanye nesampula yoketshezi oluvela esimila esisesithonjeni samathe. Udokotela wezifo ube esehlola isampula elebhu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lesi sampula singathathwa kusetshenziswa i-fine-needle aspiration noma i-core needle biopsy.

Khumbula, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ngokuqinisekile ukuthi isimila se-salivary gland sinomdlavuza noma cha kungokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Isigaba salo mdlavuza sinqunywa kanjani?

Ngemva kokuba umdlavuza wakho usutholakale, udokotela wakho uzonquma isigaba sawo, noma 'isigaba' sawo. Lokhu kungakunikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nomdlavuza. Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa oludingekayo.

Isigaba sezimila ezikhula ezindlaleni zethu ezinkulu zamathe (`Parotid`, `Submandibular`, `Sublingual`) sinqunywa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi `uhlelo lwe-TLM`:

• I-T (Isimila): Usayizi nendawo yesimila.
• L (Ama-lymph node): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kuma-lymph node.
• M (Metastasis): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izitho zomzimba (owakhiwe ngama-metastasized).

Kodwa-ke, isigaba somdlavuza esikhula ezindlaleni ezincane zamathe sinqunywa ngendlela ehlukile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda isigaba somdlavuza wakho. Kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuwe nokuthi umphumela uzoba yini. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-salivary gland?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha izimila ezingasuswa ngokuphephile. Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sikhula ngokushesha kakhulu noma sesisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Izindlela zokwelapha yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa:Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izimila ze-salivary gland ezinomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kokususa isimila, uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, lawo ma-lymph node angasuswa futhi (i-lymphadenectomy). Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kunikezwe ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele futhi kuvimbe umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukuhambisa imisebe emaseli omdlavuza nokuwabhubhisa. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ye-photon-beam kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ye-neutron beam kuyizinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe ezisetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-salivary gland. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kunikezwe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kokunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza wakho ususakazekele ngale kwezindlala zamathe waya kwezinye izicubu ngale kwekhanda nentamo, unganikezwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angaphakamisa ukuthi uhlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo . Lezi izifundo zokubona ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kuphephile futhi kusebenza kangakanani. Ukwelashwa okusha kufaka phakathi:

• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi yokusiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Abacwaningi bafunda indima yohlobo oluthile lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy olubizwa ngokuthi ama-checkpoint inhibitors ekulweni nomdlavuza othuthukile.
• Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi ukuqondisa amaphutha kukhodi yezakhi zofuzo yeseli lomdlavuza, kungaba ukubulala umdlavuza noma ukuwuvimba ukuthi ungakhuli. Ucwaningo luyenziwa futhi ukuze kubonwe ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe zisebenza kahle kangakanani kubantu abane-adenoid cystic carcinomas ethuthukisiwe.
• Ama-Radiosensitizer: Lawa uhlobo lomuthi owenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza azwele kakhulu emisebeni. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze kubonwe ukuthi angahlanganiswa kanjani nokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kusizwe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wendlala yamathe.

Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza onalo, ungase unikezwe ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ndawonye ukuze uqede umdlavuza futhi uvimbele ukuthi ungaphinde uvele.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zezimila ze-salivary gland ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingemnandi)?

Izimila ze-salivary gland, nakuba zingewona umdlavuza, zingaba yingozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-salivary gland zifaka phakathi ukukhula okusheshayo nokungazelelwe kwesimila esasikhona emlonyeni noma eduze kwawo, ukungazweli, ubuthakathaka, kanye nobuhlungu bobuso. Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ngawe ukukhuluma noma ukugwinya kahle.

Ingabe umdlavuza wendlala yamathe ungavinjelwa?

Eqinisweni, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza wezindlala zamathe.Kodwa-ke, ukugwema izici eziyingozi njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Ingabe umdlavuza wendlala yamathe ungelapheka?

Ezimweni eziningi, uma umdlavuza utholakala futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi , ungelapheka ngokuphelele. Amathuba akho okululama ancike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Usayizi wesimila.
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini.
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
• Yimuphi umthambo wamathe oqukethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza?
• Indlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka ngayo ngendlela engavamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza we-salivary gland?

Amazinga okusinda komdlavuza ayidatha yocwaningo ekhombisa ukuthi bangaki abantu abatholakale benomdlavuza othile abazosinda isikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile iminyaka emihlanu. Endabeni yomdlavuza wendlala yamathe, leli zinga liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza. Isibonelo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "i-mucoepidermoid carcinoma" liphakathi kuka-75% no-90%. Indawo yesimila nayo ibalulekile. Uma kukhawulelwe endlaleni yamathe, izinga lokusinda lingaba ngu-94%. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke, lelo zinga liyehla.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lolu lwazi alunaki izinto ezihlukile kuwe - izinto ezifana nesimo sakho sempilo kanye nendlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni.

Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi imiphumela yakho izoba yini ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesimila se-salivary gland, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Uma ubona iqhubu emlonyeni wakho noma emphinjeni elingapheli phakathi namasonto ambalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Akuwona wonke amaqhubu anomdlavuza. Kungaba yi-cyst noma isimila se-salivary gland esingesona umdlavuza. Udokotela kuphela ongasho ngokuqinisekile. Ngisho noma iqhubu lakho linomdlavuza, uma ulithola ngokushesha futhi uqala ukwelashwa, amathuba akho okuthola umphumela omuhle ayanda.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi manje usuyaqonda kahle umdlavuza wendlala yamathe esikhulume ngawo namuhla. Khumbula, uma unezigaxa ezingavamile, ubuhlungu, noma ukuba ndikindiki emlonyeni noma emphinjeni wakho, ungakuzibi. Bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uyohlolwa. Akuwona wonke amagaxa awumdlavuza, kodwa ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele. Uma unemibuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile.

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