Uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," abaningi bethu bazizwa besaba kakhulu. Kuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa namuhla, isayensi isithuthuke kakhulu. Yingakho umdlavuza ungesona isifo esingelapheki. Kunezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaphezu kwekhulu, futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile zazo zonke namuhla. Ngakho-ke uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe etholakale enomdlavuza, ngaphambi kokuba nethuke, ake sixoxe kancane ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kunqunywa kanjani?
Khumbula, akuzona zonke izifo eziphathwa ngomuthi ofanayo. Akuzona zonke izikhwehlela eziphathwa ngomuthi ofanayo womkhuhlane. Kuyafana nangomdlavuza. Udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza okwelaphayo uzobheka izici eziningana ukuze anqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.
Kalula nje, lezi yizinto abazicabanga kakhulu:
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza: Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza onalo. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungase kuhluke kunokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Isigaba somdlavuza: Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi mkhulu kangakanani. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala kuhlukile ekwelashweni komdlavuza othuthuke kakhulu.
- Izinga lokukhula komdlavuza: Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, okusho ukuthi "anolaka kakhulu." Amanye akhula kancane kakhulu. Leli zinga liphinde linqume ukwelashwa.
- Impilo yakho iyonke: Ungakwazi yini ukubekezelela lokhu kwelashwa? Iminyaka yakho nokuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha yini kubalulekile lapha.
- Imigomo yokwelapha: Ngezinye izikhathi umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha ukwelapha umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, umgomo ukulawula umdlavuza, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokukusiza uphile ngokunethezeka (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu ).
Uma udokotela wakho ephakamisa ukwelashwa kwakho, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde kahle ukuthi kungani kunikezwa. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo.
Yiziphi lezi zindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza eziyinhloko?
Kunezikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa indlela eyodwa kuphela njengokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, uhlelo lokwelapha lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana zokwelapha ndawonye. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Lena yindlela evame kakhulu esetshenziswa ukususa izimila ezinomdlavuza ezingakasabalali. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, odokotela basusa ingxenye yesimila equkethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Izicubu eziphilile ezisusiwe bese zihlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zikhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.
Kodwa akuwona wonke umdlavuza ongelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele esithweni esibalulekile njengenhliziyo noma ubuchopho, noma uma usuhileleke emthanjeni wegazi omkhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yingozi. Futhi, umdlavuza wegazi noma umdlavuza osakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba (umdlavuza onama-metastasized) awukwazi ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kuphela.
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (efana nemisebe ye-X, kodwa enamandla kakhulu) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lo msebe wonakalisa i-DNA yamangqamuzana omdlavuza, okubangela ukuba ayeke ukuhlukana futhi afe.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu:
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Umshini omkhulu ongaphandle komzimba uqondisa umsebe wemisebe oqondiswe endaweni yomdlavuza kuphela.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphakathi: Ama-pellet amancane kakhulu anemisebe afakwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila. Lokhu kubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphakathi.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Hyperthermia: Lokhu kusebenzisa ukushisa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela yenza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali) zisebenze kangcono.
Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lokhu kwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa ngisho namaseli amancane omdlavuza angase asale.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma "i-chemo" njengoba sikubiza kanjalo, uhlobo lomuthi onikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma le mithi ingena egazini lomzimba, ihamba emzimbeni wonke negazi. Ikhethelo lale mithi ukuthi ifuna futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha emzimbeni. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza nawo awuhlobo lweseli elihlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, ngakho-ke imithi yamakhemikhali iyawabhubhisa.
Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yomdlavuza osakazeke emzimbeni wonke, kanye nomdlavuza obuye wavela ngemva kokwelashwa.
4. Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone
Amanye ama-hormone emizimbeni yethu (ikakhulukazi ama-hormone ocansi) asiza ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ukuthi zikhule. Cabanga ngale ndlela: njengoba nje isitshalo sidinga amanzi nezakhamzimba ukuze sikhule, amanye ama-cancer adinga ama-hormone ukuze akhule. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokunciphisa noma ukumisa ukusebenza kwalawo ma-hormone.
Le ndlela yokwelapha ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wendlala.
5. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ethakazelisa kakhulu. Kalula nje, kuqeqesha amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomdlavuza.
Ngokuvamile, amasosha omzimba wethu angabona futhi abhubhise izinto ezifana namagciwane namagciwane angena emzimbeni. Kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza anobuqili kakhulu. Ayazi ukuthi angacasha kanjani ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Ngakho-ke lokhu kwelashwa okwenziwa yilolu hlelo kusiza amasosha omzimba ukuba abone amangqamuzana omdlavuza acashe kanjalo. Bese "ibutho" lemizimba yethu lingena libhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
6. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lokhu futhi kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe kakhulu. Amaseli omdlavuza akhula ngenxa yezinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku-DNA yawo. Lezi zinguquko zibangela amaseli omdlavuza ukuthi akhiqize amaprotheni akhethekile awasiza ukuba akhule. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe uhlobo lomuthi oluqondisa futhi luhlasele lawo maprotheni athile ngqo.
Lokhu kufana "nesibhamu esihlakaniphile" esihlasela izitha kuphela empini, sigwema ukulimala kubantu abavamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunomonakalo omncane kakhulu kumaseli aphilile.
Amanye amagama ambalwa okufanele uwaqonde ngokwelashwa
Ungase uzwe udokotela esebenzisa amagama anjengalawa lapho echaza ukwelashwa. Kungcono ukwazi nje ukuthi asho ukuthini.
| Isicelo sesayensi yezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Okuyinhloko | Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha umdlavuza. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungaba ukuhlinzwa. |
| Ukwelashwa Okungeziwe | Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okunikezwa ngemva kokwelashwa okuyinhloko (isib. ukuhlinzwa) ukuvimba umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kunganikezwa ngale ndlela. |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-Neoadjuvant (ngaphambi kokwelashwa) | Ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa okuyinhloko. Isibonelo, ukunikeza i-chemotherapy ngaphambi kokuba isimila esikhulu somdlavuza sinikezwe ukuze sincishiswe ukuze sikwazi ukususwa kalula ngokuhlinzwa. |
Ake sifunde nangemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.
Uma ukwelashwa komdlavuza kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi kungalimaza amangqamuzana anempilo emizimbeni yethu. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu othola imiphumela emibi efanayo. Abanye abantu bangaqeda ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ake sibone ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile.
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Izinto ezivame ukubonwa |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana (eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa) |
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| Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside (engase ivele ngemva kokwelashwa) |
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Ungesabi le miphumela emibi. Kunemithi nezindlela ezitholakalayo namuhla ezingaphatha futhi zinciphise cishe zonke lezi zinto. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okutholayo.
Ngingenza kanjani ukuthi lesi sikhathi sokwelashwa sibe lula kimi?
Ukwelapha umdlavuza kungaba yinselele, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kodwa kunezinto ongazenza ukuze kube lula kuwe.
- Yazi: Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho. Uma wazi okwengeziwe, ukwesaba okungadingekile kungase kunciphe.
- Buza imibuzo: Buza udokotela wakho nabahlengikazi noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Ungacabangi ukuthi, "Ingabe lo mbuzo uyisiwula?"
- Cela usizo: Kungaba nzima ngawe ukwenza yonke into wedwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ungabi namahloni okucela usizo emndenini nakubangane.
- Yidla kahle: Yidla ukudla okuhle nokunomsoco ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzonika umzimba wakho amandla okubekezelela ukwelashwa.
- Khuluma nabantu abake baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo: Joyina amaqembu okusekela iziguli ezinomdlavuza. Ukukhuluma nomuntu oke wabhekana nesimo esifanayo nawe kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla engqondo.
Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wami ucingo?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha emzimbeni wakho, izimpawu ezintsha, noma ukungakhululeki okwandisiwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ungakushayi indiva njengento encane.
Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi inganikezwa ukulawula izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi, umthamo wemithi yakho noma uhlelo lokwelashwa kungadingeka lushintshwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungesabi igama elithi umdlavuza. Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezingelapha futhi zilawule izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza kahle kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzonqunywa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ngezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko. Umgomo wazo zonke izindlela ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Zonke izindlela zokwelapha zingadala imiphumela emibi, kodwa eziningi zingalawulwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nakho.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Umndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakhona ukukusiza. Thola ukwesekwa kwabo.
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