Uma udokotela ekutshela wena noma ingane yakho ukuthi "inembobo enhliziyweni," ungase uzizwe wesaba kakhulu. Kuvamile ukuthi imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngenzenjani manje? Ingabe kuzodingeka ngihlinzwe kakhulu?" ifike engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuvula isifuba njengasesikhathini esidlule, kungenzeka ukuvala imbobo enjalo ngendlela elula kakhulu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngedivayisi ekhethekile esetshenziselwa lokhu, i-Cardiac Closure Device.
Iyini le "mbobo enhliziyweni"? (ASD kanye ne-PFO)
Kalula nje, inhliziyo yethu inamakamelo amane amakhulu. Amakamelo amabili aphezulu abizwa ngokuthi i-atria. Kukhona ingxenye efana nodonga phakathi kwalawa ma-atria amabili angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-intertrial septum. Kungenxa yembobo kulolu donga esivame ukuyibiza ngokuthi "imbobo enhliziyweni."
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zimo:
1. I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Lokhu empeleni "kuyimbobo enhliziyweni." Kukhona imbobo kulolu donga lapho umuntu ezalwa. Igazi ligeleza liye phambili naphambili phakathi kwamakamelo amabili enhliziyo ngalo mbobo.
2. I-Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): Lokhu akuyona ngempela imbobo yangempela njenge-ASD. Cabanga ngakho, uma sisesibelethweni sikamama, kukhona imbobo encane odongeni phakathi kwalezi atria. Kubalulekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemva kokuzalwa kwethu, le mbobo iyazivala yodwa. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ayivaleki kahle. Ihlala njenge-flap encane. Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-PFO.
Lezi zimbobo ngezinye izikhathi ziyazivala zodwa, noma zingaba zincane ngokwanele ukuba ziphile ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu kungadingeka ukuthi lezi zimbobo zivalwe uma bezwa izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhathala njalo, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile .
Kungani udinga ukuvala le mbobo?
Ukuze uqonde lokhu, udinga ukwazi okuncane ngendlela inhliziyo esebenza ngayo. Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yethu luphethe igazi "elihle" eligcwele umoya-mpilo futhi elidinga ukuthunyelwa emzimbeni. Uhlangothi lwesokudla luphethe igazi "elibi" elinomoya-mpilo ophansi futhi elidinga ukuhlanzwa emzimbeni.
Manje cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma bekukhona imbobo phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili? Yebo, igazi elithile elinomoya-mpilo kanye negazi elithile elingenawo umoya-mpilo belingahlangana ndawonye. Khona-ke amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ngeke athole inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo. Yingakho sikhathala futhi sibe nenkinga yokuphefumula.
Ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesimo se-PFO, ngezinye izikhathi amahlule egazi amancane akheka emzimbeni angadlula kulo mgodi bese ebhajwa emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni, okubangela isimo esiyingozi njengesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvala lo mgodi ukuze uvimbele.
Uyifaka kanjani le divayisi enhliziyweni?
Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakungenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, okuhilela ukuvula isifuba. Kodwa akusenjalo manje. Namuhla, ama-ASD angaphezu kuka-80% avaliwe kusetshenziswa inqubo elula ebizwa ngokuthi i-cardiac catheterization.
Indlela lokhu okwenziwa ngayo iyamangalisa kakhulu.
- Okokuqala, ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi emlenzeni wakho, eduze kwe-groin yakho.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-X-ray, udokotela uqondisa ngokucophelela ithubhu eliseduze nembobo enhliziyweni.
- Idivayisi yokuvala ithwalwa ngaphakathi kwaleli payipi. Le divayisi ifana nezambulela ezimbili ezincane ezixhunywe ndawonye.
- Uma usondela emgodini, ngokushesha nje lapho uwukhipha epayipini, uhlangothi olulodwa lwale divayisi luvuleka kolunye uhlangothi lomgodi, kanti olunye uhlangothi kolunye uhlangothi, luvala ngokuphelele umgodi njengenkinobho.
Lawa madivayisi afika ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kusukela kumamilimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-40. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha idivayisi efanelana kahle nosayizi wembobo enhliziyweni yakho.
Izinzuzo kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona yale ndlela
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane kakhulu.
| Izinzuzo | Imiphumela Engase Ibe Khona |
|---|---|
| Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-93%). | Amahlule egazi. |
| Ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki okuncane kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile. | Izigqi zenhliziyo ezingavamile. |
| Isikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela sifushane (ngokuvamile ubusuku obubodwa). | Ukuhambisa idivayisi endaweni yayo. |
| Ungalulama ngokushesha. | Ukulimala odongeni lwenhliziyo (Ukuguguleka kwedivayisi) - Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-0.3%). |
| Kusebenza kangcono kunemithi ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi uma kwenzeka i-PFO. | Ukopha okuncane okuvela kudivayisi (ngokuvamile kuyaphela phakathi nonyaka wokuqala). |
Yini oyenzayo ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi?
Odokotela benza izinto ezahlukene ukuze banciphise lezi zingozi.
- Vimbela ukujiya kwegazi: Uzonikezwa imithi yokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemva kokufakwa kwedivayisi.
- Ukuvimbela idivayisi ukuthi ingaphazamisi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Amadivayisi amasha aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi uma kudingeka olunye ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo esikhathini esizayo, i-catheter ingadluliswa ngedivayisi efanayo.
- Ukukhetha usayizi ofanele: Isihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuguguleka kodonga lwenhliziyo ukukhetha usayizi wedivayisi ofanele isiguli ngasinye.
Izinto ongazenzela ukuphepha kwakho
Ukuze uzivikele kwi-endocarditis, ukutheleleka okungase kwenzeke, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamazinyo, kufanele unakekele lezi zinto phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala eziyi-6.
- Tshela bonke odokotela nodokotela wamazinyo obabonayo ukuthi unalo leli thuluzi. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphatha ikhadi elinalolo lwazi.
- Uma uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Nakekela kahle amazinyo akho kanye nempilo yezinsini. Hlanza amazinyo akho nsuku zonke futhi ubonane nodokotela wamazinyo njalo.
- Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini engabangela ukopha, njengokukhipha izinyo noma ukuhlanza izinyo, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuqinisekise ukuthi udinga yini ukuthatha ama-antibiotic.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa kanye namanye amaqiniso
Ngale ndlela yokufaka i-catheter, kufanele uhlale esibhedlela ubusuku obubodwa kuphela ngemva kokufakwa kwedivayisi. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzodingeka ugweme imisebenzi enzima cishe amasonto amabili. Kodwa ungabuyela emisebenzini evamile ngosuku olulodwa noma amabili. Isikhathi sokululama sifushane kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile.
Le divayisi yenziwa ngokunamathisela indwangu ye-polyester ohlakeni lwensimbi olwenziwe nge-nickel-titanium alloy (Nitinol). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicubu zomzimba wethu ziyakhula zizungeze le divayisi, zibe yingxenye yenhliziyo uqobo.
Abanye abantu bangase bangakwazi ukwenza le ndlela ye-catheter. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kudingeka ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa manje sekukhona ubuchwepheshe bokwenza lokho kuhlinzwa ngokusika okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka (okungangeni kakhulu).
Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungasikwa yini i-MRI scan ngemva kokufakwa kwale divayisi. Amanye amadivayisi aphephile kwi-MRI, kodwa kungase kube nemikhawulo ethile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- "Imbobo enhliziyweni" akufanele yesabe. Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu neziphephile zalokhu.
- Ukuvalwa okusekelwe ku-catheter kuyindlela elula kakhulu, engebuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ephulukisa ngokushesha kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile.
- Ngemva kokufaka idivayisi, sebenzisa umuthi wokunciphisa igazi onikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esibekiwe.
- Nakekela impilo yakho yamazinyo ngokukhethekile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa kwamazinyo.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho ngalokhu. Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngendlela efanele nokulandela imiyalelo.
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