Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuba nomkhuhlane , imfiva, noma izifo zendlebe ? Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa sengathi ingane yakho igula kaningi kunezinye izingane? Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nomkhuhlane ovamile ungakhula ube yinto enzima njenge -pneumonia , edinga izinsuku zokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okujulile. Siyaqonda ukuthi lokhu kungaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu kuwe njengomzali. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yobuthakathaka obucashile ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomntwana wakho. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zimo.
Kuyini i-Primary Immunodeficiency (PIDD)?
Kalula nje, uma ingane ine-Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD), isimiso sayo somzimba asisebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngesimiso sakho somzimba njengebutho elivikela izwe lakini. Umsebenzi walo ukuvikela umzimba wakho ezitheni zangaphandle njengamagciwane . Uma leli "butho" libuthakathaka, amagciwane angangena kalula emzimbeni futhi abangele ukutheleleka okuvamile.
Ukuzwa lokhu kungakwenza ukhathazeke, uzibuze ukuthi ingane yakho izozithola yini zonke izifo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi manje kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezitholakalayo zokuphatha lezi zimo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo, nejwayelekile njenganoma yimuphi omunye umntwana. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lesi yisimo sofuzo—okusho ukuthi sikhona kusukela ekuzalweni—futhi asithelelani; asisabalali sisuka kumuntu siye komunye.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalezi zinkinga?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-550 zezifo eziyinhloko zokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba. Ezinye zivame kakhulu, kanti ezinye azivamile kakhulu. Nakuba eziningi zitholakala zisencane, izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingavela kamuva ebuntwaneni noma ngisho nasebudaleni. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.
| Igama Lesifo | Kusho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Selective Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | I-IgA iyi-antibody elwa namagciwane ematheni akho, izinyembezi, kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kulaba bantu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-IgA kuphansi, okungaholela ekwandeni kwe-asthma noma ukungezwani komzimba. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo. |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuvamile Okuguquguqukayo (CVID) | Amasosha omzimba lapha awanamandla ngokwanele ukulwa namagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-antibodies akhiqizwayo ahlasela ngisho namaseli omzimba. Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwendlebe, ama-sinus, namaphaphu kuvamile. |
| I-Agammaglobulinemia exhunywe ku-X (XLA) | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingane izalwa ingenawo ama-B-cell akhiqiza ama-antibodies. Lokhu kudala igebe elikhulu ekuvikeleni amasosha omzimba, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okuvamile ezindaweni ezifana nezindlebe, amaphaphu kanye nesisu. |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuhlanganisiwe Okukhulu (i-SCID) | Lolu olunye lwezinhlobo ezibucayi kakhulu, lapho kokubili amaseli e-B namaseli e-T—alwa ngqo namagciwane—engekho khona. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile. |
| I-DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) | Lezi zingane zinenani lamaseli e-T elingaphansi ngo-90% kunokuvamile. Lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nokutheleleka okuvamile kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi. |
| Isifo Esingamahlalakhona Se-Granulomatous (CGD) | Amaseli (ama-phagocyte) akhiqiza amakhemikhali adingekayo ukubhubhisa amagciwane awekho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amagciwane ahlangane futhi akhe ama-granuloma. |
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso okufanele uzibheke?
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe nokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, qaphela lezi zimpawu. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ziqhubeka, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wezingane.
- Ukukhula okulibazisekile noma ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala.
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile , njengokutheleleka kwezindlebe eziningi, i-sinusitis , noma i-pneumonia ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
- Ukutheleleka okungathuthuki ngama -antibiotic ajwayelekile omlomo, okudinga ukwelashwa nge-intravenous (IV).
- Uhudo oluqhubekayo noma ezinye izinkinga zesisu.
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
- Ubende obukhulu.
- Ukusabela okunzima emgomeni ophilayo.
Lesi simo sitholakala kanjani?
Uma unemibuzo, qala ngokuvakashela udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane. Bazohlola ingane yakho futhi cishe bazobuza:
"Ingabe ingane yakho ivame ukuthola izifo ezinzima? Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe iyathuthuka ngama-antibiotic, futhi ingabe ukhona omunye emndenini onomlando wokugula okuvamile?"
Ukuze baphenye kabanzi, bangayala izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola amazinga amangqamuzana omzimba kanye nama-antibodies egazini lengane yakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Ukuhlonza ngqo noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo noma amaphutha ezizakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- I-Flow Cytometry: Indlela ethuthukisiwe esebenzisa ama-laser ukutadisha amangqamuzana omzimba ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukuphatha isimo esinjalo ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenza nodokotela wezifo zomzimba.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla. Umgomo uwukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokukulawula ngempumelelo uma kwenzeka.
1. Ukwelashwa Kokutheleleka: Uma ingane yakho ithola ukutheleleka, ingadinga imithamo ephezulu noma inkambo ende yama-antibiotic kunokuvamile. Amacala amakhulu angadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kutholakale ama-antibiotic afakwa emthanjeni (IV).
2. Ukwelashwa Okukhulisa Amasosha Omzimba:
- Ukwelashwa Kokufaka I-Immunoglobulin (Ig):Kule nqubo, ama-antibodies aqoqwe kubanikeli abanempilo anikezwa ingane yakho nge-IV. Kufana nokunikeza umzimba amandla "amasosha." Lokhu kungadingeka kwenziwe masonto onke noma nyanga zonke.
- Ukufakelwa Kwamaseli Esiqu: Kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kuhilela ukufakelwa kwamaseli esiqu kusuka kumuntu onikelayo onempilo (ngokuvamile ilungu lomndeni) aye enganeni. Lawa maseli angakhula abe amasosha omzimba anempilo. Lokhu kungaba ukwelashwa okwelaphayo kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-PIDD.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezakhi Zofuzo: Ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe nokwesimanje lapho kuqoqwa khona amangqamuzana engane, izakhi zofuzo ezinephutha zilungiswa elabhorethri, bese amangqamuzana efakwa kabusha emzimbeni wengane.
Amathiphu akho njengomnakekeli
Njengoba uphila nalesi simo, usengasiza ingane yakho iphile impilo ejabulisayo nekhuthele:
- Yiba ummeli: Khuluma nothisha bengane yakho bese uchaza isimo sayo, njengoba ingase ibe nokungabikho esikoleni okuningi kunontanga yayo.
- Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka: Khuthaza ukugeza izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ukuzivikela emagciwaneni kubalulekile.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okucebile ngezakhamzimba okunezithelo nemifino eminingi kuqinisa imizimba yabo.
- Qinisekisa ukuphumula: Ukulala ngokwanele kubalulekile ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Dala indawo ejabulisayo nesekelayo yokudlala kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa.
Ukuphatha lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi kungazwakala kungaphezu kwamandla, kodwa awuwedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uxhumana namaqembu okusekela abazali bezingane ezinezimo ezifanayo. Uzothola ukuthi ukwabelana ngolwazi kunganikeza amandla amakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Primary Immunodeficiency (PIDD) yisimo sofuzo esizalwa naso (esikhona kusukela ekuzalweni), hhayi isifo esithelelanayo.
- Uma ingane yakho ithola izifo ezivame ukwenzeka futhi ezinzima ezingasabeli kahle ekwelashweni, kuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Hlala ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha esingochwepheshe.
- Lezi zinkinga ziyahlukahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu.
- Ngokuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa kwe-Immunoglobulin (Ig) noma ukufakelwa amaseli e-stem, izingane eziningi zingaphila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo.
- Ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nendawo enothando nesekelayo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yengane yakho.
Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuyinhloko, i-PIDD, amasosha omzimba, ukutheleleka okuvamile, impilo yezingane, ukutheleleka, ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, i-SCID, i-CVID, ukwelashwa kwe-immunoglobulin
