Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukugula ngenxa yomkhuhlane , umkhuhlane, noma izinhlungu zendlebe ? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho igula kakhulu kunezinye izingane? Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nomkhuhlane ovamile uphenduka into engathi sína njenge -pneumonia , edinga izinsuku zokuthatha imithi? Kumelwe ukhathazeke kakhulu ngezinto ezinjengalezi. Eqinisweni, lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngenxa yobuthakathaka ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomntwana. Sikhuluma ngesimo esinjalo namuhla.
Iyini i-Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome (PIDD)?
Kalula nje, ingane enesifo esiyinhloko sokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba (i-PIDD) inohlelo lokuzivikela olungasebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngohlelo lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba njengebutho elivikela izwe lethu. Livikela imizimba yethu kumagciwane avela ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke uma leli "butho" libuthakathaka, amagciwane angangena kalula emzimbeni futhi abangele izifo .
Uma uzwa lokhu, ungase wesabe, “O, ingabe ingane yami izothola zonke lezi zifo?” Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, manje sekukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu zokulawula lezi zimo. Ngalezo zindlela zokwelapha, ingane ingaphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo, nejwayelekile njengabanye abantwana. Lokhu kuyizakhi zofuzo, okusho ukuthi yisimo esikhona lapho izalwa, hhayi isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-550 zalezi zifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba. Ezinye zivamile kakhulu, ezinye azivamile. Iningi lazo litholakala ebuntwaneni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingavela kamuva ekuphileni. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Igama Lesifo | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Selective Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | I-IgA iyi-antibody elwa namagciwane ematheni ethu, izinyembezi kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Laba bantu banamazinga aphansi e-IgA emizimbeni yabo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifuba kanye nokungezwani komzimba okwengeziwe. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo. |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuvamile Okuguquguqukayo (CVID) | Amasosha abo omzimba awasebenzi kahle ngokwanele ukulwa namagciwane. Futhi, amanye ama-antibodies abawenzayo ahlasela amangqamuzana abo. Bavame ukuthola izifo zendlebe, ama-sinus, namaphaphu. |
| I-Agammaglobulinemia exhunywe ku-X (XLA) | Ukuzalwa ngaphandle kwamaseli e-B, akhiqiza ama-antibodies. Lokhu kushiya isikhala esikhulu ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinezimbotshana (izindlebe, amaphaphu, isisu). |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuhlanganisiwe Okukhulu (i-SCID) | Lolu olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi awekho amaseli e-B, kodwa futhi awekho amaseli e-T ahlasela ngqo amagciwane. Lokhu kushiya isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile. |
| I-DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) | Lezi zingane zinamaseli e-T angaphansi ngo-90% kunengane evamile. Izimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka okuvamile nesifo senhliziyo zingase zivele. |
| Isifo Esingamahlalakhona Se-Granulomatous (CGD) | Laba bantu abanawo amaseli (ama-phagocyte) akhiqiza amakhemikhali akhethekile abhubhisa amagciwane. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amagciwane ahlangane futhi akhe amaqhubu (ama-granuloma). |
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele?
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inalesi simo, qaphela lezi zimpawu. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Ukukhula kwengane kuyabambezeleka noma akukhuli isisindo.
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwendlebe, ukutheleleka kwama-sinus , noma i-pneumonia kabili noma kathathu ngenyanga .
- Ama-antibiotic avamileUkutheleleka kuba kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kudinga ama-antibiotic e-intravenous (IV) , kunokuba kudingeke amaphilisi .
- Uhudo oluqhubekayo noma ezinye izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla.
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
- Ubende obukhulu.
- Ukusabela okunzima emgomeni ophilayo.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma unokungabaza, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho. Uzohlola ingane yakho futhi akubuze imibuzo efana nale:
"Ingabe ingane ivame ukuthola izifo ezingathi sína? Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe lesi sifo asithuthuki ngisho noma kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic? Ingabe ukhona omunye emndenini othola izifo ezinjengalezi njalo?"
Ngemuva kwalokho, ungabheka lezi zivivinyo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lengane bese kuhlolwa amazinga amaseli omzimba kanye nama-antibodies.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Lokhu kungabona ngqo ukuthi kukhona yini amaphutha ezakhi zofuzo athinta isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Flow Cytometry: Lobu ubuchwepheshe besimanje obusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser ukutadisha ngokujulile amangqamuzana omzimba.
Ukuze uphathe isimo esinjengalesi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela wezifo zamasosha omzimba .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi manje kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zalezi zimo. Ukwelashwa kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko: ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungakhuli kanye nokuzilawula kahle uma kwenzeka.
1. Ukwelashwa kwezifo: Uma ingane yakho ithola ukutheleleka, kungadingeka ithathe ama-antibiotic ngemithamo ephezulu futhi isikhathi eside kunokuvamile. Ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ilaliswe esibhedlela futhi inikezwe imithi ye-IV (efakwa emthanjeni).
2. Ukwelashwa okuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba:
- Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-Immunoglobulin (Ig): Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza ingane amasosha omzimba alwa nezifo avela kumuntu ophilile nge-IV. Kufana nokumnika "amasosha" avela ngaphandle. Lokhu kwenziwa masonto onke noma nyanga zonke.
- Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha izingane ezinezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zalesi sifo. Amaseli e-stem athathwe kumuntu ophilile (ngokuvamile ilungu lomndeni) afakwa enganeni. Lawa maseli angakha amaseli omzimba aphilile.Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha engayelapha ngokuphelele ezinye izinhlobo ze-PIDD.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezakhi Zofuzo: Lena indlela yokwelapha yesimanje kakhulu. Kuthathwa amaseli okuqala engane, izakhi zofuzo ezinephutha "ziyahlelwa" elabhorethri, bese amaseli efakwa kabusha emzimbeni wengane.
Amathiphu ambalwa kini eninakekela ingane yenu
Uma uphila nalesi simo, ungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlale ijabule futhi ikhuthele njengabanye abantwana.
- Khuluma egameni lengane yakho: Uma ingane yakho isesikoleni, khuluma nothisha bese uchaza isimo sengane yakho. Batshele ukuthi kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuya esikoleni isikhashana.
- Nakekela ukuhlanzeka: Geza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela emagciwaneni.
- Nikeza ukudla okunempilo: Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo kwezithelo, imifino, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele kuzonika ingane yakho amandla.
- Lala ngokwanele: Ukulala ngokwanele kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Vumela ingane yakho ukuthi idlale, ihlanganyele ezintweni zokuzilibazisa, futhi yakhe indawo ejabulisayo.
Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukubhekana nalesi simo ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa awuwedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, nabangani bakho ngalokhu. Kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla kuwe ukukhuluma nabanye abazali abanezingane ezinjengalezi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Primary immunodeficiency syndrome (i-PIDD) yisimo sofuzo esiba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa, hhayi isifo esingadluliselwa sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye.
- Uma ingane yakho ithola izifo ezivame ukutheleleka kakhulu ezingapholi ngokushesha ngokwelashwa, kuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha nakanjani.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sifo, kusukela kwesincane kuya kwesinzima kakhulu.
- Ngokuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa kwesimanje njengokwelashwa kwe-Immunoglobulin (Ig) kanye nokufakelwa umnkantsha, izingane eziningi zingaphila impilo egcwele nesebenzayo.
- Ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nendawo enothando nesekelayo kubalulekile empilweni yengane.
Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuyinhloko, i-PIDD, amasosha omzimba, ukutheleleka okuvamile, ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, i-SCID, i-CVID, ukwelashwa kwe-immunoglobulin
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