Sonke sizwile ngesifo sohlangothi, akunjalo? Siyazi ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani. Kodwa ungase umangale ukwazi ukuthi imbangela enkulu yalokhu isentanyeni yethu. Yebo, imithambo yegazi emibili emikhulu ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni ivaliwe, okungabangela lesi simo esiyingozi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Carotid Artery Stenosis', ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo semithambo ye-carotid?
Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengepayipi lamanzi ahlanzekile. Igazi ligeleza kulo ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu kunemithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Carotid Artery . Lena yileyo enikeza ubuchopho bethu, ubuso kanye nekhanda igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi.
Manje, esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Carotid Artery Stenosis', ama-fatty deposits (i-plaque) aqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi. Leli 'plaque' liyiqoqo lezinto ezinamafutha njenge-cholesterol. Njengoba nje ukugqwala kwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi, la ma-'plaque' deposits anciphisa kancane kancane isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuncipha kwemithambo yegazi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis .
Uma umthambo wegazi uvaleka ngale ndlela, inani legazi eligeleza liye ebuchosheni liyancishiswa. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi izingcezu ezincane zalolo ngqimba olunamafutha zingaphuka futhi zivale ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi obuthakathaka ebuchosheni. Yilapho-ke kwenzeka khona isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sohlangothi . Lokhu kungenzeka emthambo wegazi owodwa noma yomibili ohlangothini olulodwa lwentamo. Uma singelashwa, lesi simo singaba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi sibe yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ezithinta lokhu?
Lesi simo asiyona into eyenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa. Sibangelwa imikhuba nezinkinga ezithile endleleni yethu yokuphila kanye nempilo yethu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye zalezi zinto singazishintsha. Bheka ukuthi lezi zinto ziyasebenza nakuwe.
| Isici Sengozi | Indlela okukuthinta ngayo ilula. |
|---|---|
| Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi | Lokhu kulimaza izindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi futhi kusheshise ukubekwa kwamafutha (i-plaque). |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwandisa nezinye izici eziyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, nesifo sikashukela. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba (Indlela Yokuphila Yokuhlala Phansi) | Uma umzimba ungasebenzi, ukujikeleza kwegazi kungaba buthaka futhi amazinga e-cholesterol angakhuphuka. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) | Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, imithambo yegazi iyalimala futhi inqubo yokufakwa kwamafutha iyasheshiswa. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Le cholesterol embi iyisithako esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwama-fatty deposits (i-plaque). |
| Isifo sikashukela | Uma amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka, imithambo yegazi iyalimala futhi i-atherosclerosis iba yimbi kakhulu. |
| Ukuguga | Njengoba imithambo yegazi iba yizimo ezingaguquguquki njengoba sikhula, ingozi yokuba nalesi simo iyanda ngokwemvelo. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Inkinga enkulu lapha ukuthi lokhu kuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi kungase kungabangela izimpawu kuze kube yilapho kubangela isifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (TIA) .
I-TIA ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, okube sekubuyiselwa emuva kwesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe njengesibonakaliso esibucayi ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi esikhulu.
Uma une-TIA noma isifo sohlangothi, amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukufa, ngakho ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa.
Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA
Uma wena noma omunye umuntu ebona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu,Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukugoba kobuso ohlangothini olulodwa: Uhlangothi olulodwa lomlomo lubonakala lugoba. Uma ucelwa ukuba umomotheke, uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela olubonakala lumomotheka.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ukukhuluma amagama angacacile, ukungakwazi ukusho lokho ofuna ukukusho, noma ukuba nobunzima bokuqonda lokho okushiwo omunye umuntu.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono esweni elilodwa: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liwela phambi kweso elilodwa.
- Ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba: Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lwengalo, umlenze, noma ubuso.
- Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba: ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo noma umlenze ohlangothini olulodwa, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ngemva kokuba usungule izimpawu zokukhubazeka. Noma, lapho udokotela wakho ekuxilonga futhi ebeka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho, bangase bezwe umsindo ongavamile "wokukloloda" (i-bruit) ozwakala njengegazi eligeleza lisuka emthanjeni wegazi ovalekile.
Kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo kanye nokunquma ukuthi umthambo wegazi uvalekile kangakanani nokuthi uvalekile kuphi.
- I-Ultrasound: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba. Kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani emithanjeni yegazi nokuthi kukuphi lapho kuvinjiwe khona.
- I-Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA): Lokhu kuyi-CT scan ekhethekile esebenzisa i-X-ray. Ithatha izithombe ezicacile zemithambo yegazi yakho ngokufaka udayi okhethekile kuyo.
- I-Cerebral Angiography: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) emthanjeni wegazi ukuze kubhekwe ukuvaleka. Kuphinde kufakwe idayi ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezinemininingwane zomthambo wegazi.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwe-CTA, kodwa kusebenzisa amandla kazibuthe anamandla esikhundleni se-X-ray ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi.
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi ingakanani imithambo yegazi yakho evalekile. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngokuthi imnene (ngaphansi kuka-50%), iphakathi (phakathi kuka-50% no-79%), kanye nembi kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-80%) .
Iphathwa kanjani?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu nokunciphisa ingozi yokukhubazeka.
1. Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nemithi
Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Ukujwayela ukudla okunamafutha amancane, usawoti kanye noshukela.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyenze nakanjani.
- Imithi:Udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi ofana ne -aspirin wokunciphisa ukujiya kwegazi, kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol kanye nemithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme .
2. Ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela
Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, noma uma usuvele une-TIA noma isifo sohlangothi, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukususwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision encane entanyeni, avule imithambo yegazi, bese eklwebha ungqimba lwamafutha oluvinjiwe (i-plaque).
- Ukufaka i-stenting: Kule nqubo, kufakwa idivayisi enkulu efana nenaliti emthanjeni wegazi bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane elifana ne-mesh (i-stent) endaweni evinjiwe ukuze kwandiswe umthambo wegazi. Lokhu kususa ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni lokuhlinzwa olufanele, kunqunywa udokotela wakho, ozolinganisa izingozi zesimo sakho nezingozi zokuhlinzwa.
Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu uma kungelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa ngendlela efanele, imiphumela iba mihle kakhulu. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lihlale esibhedlela usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Carotid Artery Stenosis yisimo esibi lapho umthambo wegazi oyinhloko entanyeni uvalwa khona yizinqwaba zamafutha.
- Ingozi enkulu yalokhu ukuthi kungabangela isifo sohlangothi esingazelelwe ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokukhubazeka, njengokububula kobuso, ukukhuluma okungacacile, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba , hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Lesi sifo singavinjelwa futhi silawulwe ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila njengokugwema ukubhema, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, kanye nokuzivocavoca.
- Uma unezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol, bonana nodokotela wakho njalo bese ulandela ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe kahle.
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