Okudingeka ukwazi ngezimila zobuchopho ezingezona umdlavuza

Uma sizwa amagama athi "isimila sobuchopho," abaningi bethu bavele besabe, akunjalo? Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izimila ezikhula ebuchosheni ezinomdlavuza. Kukhona nezinhlobo zezimila ezingezona umdlavuza, okusho ukuthi azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kodwa zingakhula ngobukhulu futhi zibangele izimpawu ezithile. Odokotela babiza lezi ngokuthi 'izimila ezingenobungozi'. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zimila zobuchopho ezingezona umdlavuza.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-meningioma yilolu

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho. Luhlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izimila zobuchopho. Zakheka ezimbozweni ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges.

Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lolu hlobo lwesimila kunabesilisa. Izici ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi:

• Ukuchayeka emisebeni ephezulu kakhulu.
• Uma unezimo zofuzo ezifana `(Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1))` noma `(type 2 (NF2))`.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zimila azibonisi izimpawu kuze kube yilapho sezinkulu. Njengoba isimila sikhula, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuquleka
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Izinguquko zobuntu kanye nokudideka kwengqondo
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukukhala ezindlebeni
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha

I-Schwannoma (isimila sezinzwa)

Lezi zimila ziqanjwe ngohlobo lweseli ezivela kulo: amaseli eSchwann, azungeze amaseli ezinzwa.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-vestibular schwannoma. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akubize ngokuthi i-acoustic neuroma. Lokhu kuthinta inzwa egijima isuka endlebeni yethu yangaphakathi iye ebuchosheni futhi ilawula ibhalansi yomzimba.

Abantu abanesifo esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi `(NF2)` banamathuba amaningi okuthola lezi zimila. Nalapha futhi, abesifazane basengozini enkulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukuzwa umsindo wokukhala noma wokubhonga ezindlebeni
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela

I-pituitary adenoma (isimila se-pituitary gland esilawula ama-hormone)

Lezi zimila zikhula endlaleni ye-pituitary, etholakala phansi kobuchopho. Le ndlala iyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone nokulawula ezinye izindlala emzimbeni wethu.

Lezi futhi yizinhlobo ezivamile zamathumba. Cishe umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabahlanu angaba namathumba amancane kakhulu e-pituitary. Kodwa iningi lawo alikhuli likhulu noma libangele izinkinga.

Abantu abanesifo esizuzwe njengefa esithi "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)" basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.

Amanye amathumba e-pituitary akhiqiza ama-hormone. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi 'amathumba asebenzayo.' Izimpawu zincike ekutheni isimila sikhiqiza ama-hormone, futhi uma kunjalo, yimaphi ama-hormone.

• I-hormone ye-prolactin: Abesifazane bangase babe nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile noma ukungabikho esikhathini. Amadoda angase abe nokukhula kwamabele.
• I-hormone ye-ACTH: Lokhu kubangela izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "isifo sikaCushing". Isibonelo, ukukhuluphala, ukuphuka kalula, kanye nobuthakathaka.
• I-hormone ye-TSH: Ibonisa izimpawu zendlala ye-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile (i-Hyperthyroidism), njengokunciphisa isisindo, ukucasuka, kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono noma ukubona okubili
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sobulili
• Ukungazali
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha
• Ukwanda kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimila ezingezona umdlavuza

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamantongomane.

I-Hemangioblastoma

Lokhu kuvela emithanjeni yegazi. Kungavela ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, noma e-retina yeso. Kubonakala kubantu abanesifo esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome." Izimpawu zingafaka phakathi ukungazweli ezithweni, ubuthakathaka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba.

I-Craniopharyngioma

Lokhu kuqala emaseli angaphansi kobuchopho, eduze kwendlala ye-pituitary. Kungaba ama-sacs aqinile noma agcwele uketshezi (ama-cyst). Avame kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-14 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45. Angabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukoma ngokweqile, ukukhula okungapheli ezinganeni, kanye nokushintsha kombono.

I-Glioma

Lokhu kuvela kumaseli e-glial asekela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Ahlukaniswe ngamabanga amaningana. AmaBanga 1 no-2 awawona umdlavuza futhi akhula kancane. AmaBanga 3 no-4 angamathumba anolaka, akhula ngokushesha.

Odokotela bathola kanjani ukuthi la mathumba akhona?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, njengekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokuxhuzula. Bese, ukuze athole ukuxilongwa okuqondile, angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• I-CT Scan: Inqubo esebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho.
• I-MRI Scan: Inqubo esebenzisa omaginethi abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho.
• I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu esigaxeni bese kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukubhoboza Kwethambo Lomgogodla/Umpompi Womgogodla: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwa ukuhlola amaseli angajwayelekile oketshezini lomgogodla.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kusiza ekubhekeni ama-hormone noma ezinye izinto ezikhishwa emzimbeni ngamathumba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Indlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni, usayizi, kanye nendawo yesimila.

• Izimila ezincane: Akukho ukwelashwa okungadingeka. Udokotela wakho uvame ukwenza i-CT noma i-MRI scan ukuze aqaphe ukuthi isimila siyakhula yini.
• Izimila ezinkulu: Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzozama ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe:Lena inqubo esebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukunciphisa izimila. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa izimila ezingenakuqedwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa noma eziphinde zavela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. I-Stereotactic Radiosurgery iyindlela ekhethekile yokwelapha ngemisebe eqondisa ngqo isimila, inciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe, axoxe nawe ngazo zonke izinketho zakho. Ngakho-ke ungenzi noma yiziphi izinqumo ngokwakho. Njalo xoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho.