Kunemithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni bethu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu. Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma le mithambo yegazi ibingavalwa yi-plaque, noma kunalokho, i-plaque. Kufana nokugqwala okwakhela ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi. Khona-ke inani legazi eliya ebuchosheni lizoncipha. Yilokhu okuvula indlela yesifo sohlangothi esiyingozi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwe ukususa lolu hlobo lokuvaleka.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Carotid Endarterectomy?
Leli igama elide nelingavamile, kodwa incazelo yalo ilula kakhulu. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa ngokuhlinzwa ama-fatty kanye nama-cholesterol plaque akheke ngaphakathi komthambo we-carotid entanyeni yakho. Sinemithambo emibili ye-carotid ezinhlangothini zesobunxele nesokudla zentamo yethu. Le emibili ihlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bethu, entanyeni, nasebusweni. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ohlangothini lwesobunxele noma lwesokudla, kuye ngokuthi uhlangothi luvinjiwe.
Odokotela basusa la mafutha ukuze babuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la mafutha anganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi, noma ngezinye izikhathi akumise ngokuphelele. Uma ubuchopho bakho bungatholi igazi elanele, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nesifo sohlangothi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isifo sohlangothi siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma kuvela izimpawu zohlangothi, ukuhambisa isiguli e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha okukhulu, kungakapheli amahora amathathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusindisa izimpilo.
Kunconywa bani lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga, abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze anqume ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka yini. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunganconywa ngokuvamile ezimweni ezilandelayo. Ake sibheke lokhu etafuleni ukuze sikusize ukuqonde ngokucacile.
| Kunini lapho ukuhlinzwa kunganconywa khona | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid | Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuthole ukuthi imithambo yegazi engaphezu kwengxenye (50%) entanyeni yakho ivinjiwe yizinqwaba zamafutha. |
| Ukugeleza kwegazi okuphazamisekile kuya ebuchosheni | Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisile ukuthi inani legazi eligeleza ebuchosheni lehle kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu kuvinjelwa. |
| Ukuba ne-mini-stroke noma i-precursor stroke (TIA) | Uma usuvele unesifo sohlangothi esincane noma ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Ukuminyana okukhulu ngaphandle kwezimpawu | Ngisho noma ungezwa zimpawu, uma ama-scan ebonisa ukuthi umthambo wegazi uvalekile kakhulu, kufana nokucisha ibhomu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. |
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Kunezinto eziningana okudingeka uzenze futhi uzilungiselele ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, njenge-cerebral angiogram, i-CT angiography, noma i-MR angiography, ukuze athole isithombe esicacile semithambo yakho ye-carotid kanye nobuchopho.
- Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini, amakhambi, kanye nezithasiselo). Eminye imithi kungadingeka iyekwe isikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, imithi efana ne-aspirin ivame ukunqunyelwa ukuthi ithathwe phakathi nokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke nakanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa . Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi futhi kubambezele inqubo yokuphulukiswa.
- Imiyalelo evela eqenjini lezokwelapha: Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi yini okufanele uyidle futhi uyiphuze ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa, isikhathi sokufika esibhedlela, njll. Zilandele zonke ngqo.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza esibhedlela futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe ihora noma amabili.
Ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlinzwa kuqale, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu. Enye i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ekwenza ulale ngokuphelele.Enye i -local anesthesia , eqeda kuphela indawo yentamo yakho lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi uphapheme. Uma unikezwa i-local anesthesia, uzonikezwa nomuthi wokukusiza uphumule.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukuhlinzwa ngale ndlela:
1. Okokuqala, bathola indawo eqondile yomthambo wegazi ovalekile bese benza ukusika okuncane okungaba amasentimitha angu-1.5 ubude entanyeni.
2. Okulandelayo, bazohlola ukuthi badinga yini ukugcina igazi ligeleza liye ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Uma kudingeka, kuzofakwa ipayipi elincane (i-shunt) okwesikhashana ukuze igazi lidlule endaweni evinjiwe bese ligeleza liye ebuchosheni.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa i-incision engxenyeni evinjiwe yomthambo wegazi bese ungqimba olunamafutha (i-plaque) olungaphakathi lususwa ngokucophelela.
4. Ngemva kokususwa kwengqimba yamafutha, umthambo wegazi uthungwa ndawonye. Ngokuvamile, kubekwa isiqephu esenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile ukuze sandise umthambo wegazi kancane ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungavaleki futhi.
5. Ekugcineni, ipayipi lesikhashana elibekwe liyasuswa bese ukugeleza kwegazi kubuyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu kuhlinzwa ukuthi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo. Uma kwenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo onolwazi, ingozi iba ncane kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunethuba elincane lezinkinga ezithile.
| Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona |
|---|
| - Ukopha |
| - Ukutheleleka |
| - Amahlule egazi |
| - Ukulimala kwemizwa |
| - Ukuba nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo |
| - Ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi esikhathini esizayo |
Le ngozi ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kunezici eziningana ezithinta yona:
- Izinga umthambo wegazi ovalekile ngalo.
- Wake waba nesifo sohlangothi ngaphambili?
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sezinso.
- Iminyaka yakho (ingozi iyanda kancane njengoba ukhula).
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe usuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqapha isimo sakho. Uzokwazi ukudla nokuphuza ngokujwayelekile zingakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ungase ube nepayipi elincane (idreyini) elifakwe entanyeni yakho ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi oluvela endaweni yokusikwa. Lokhu kuvame ukususwa zingakapheli izinsuku.
Kungase kube nobuhlungu entanyeni cishe amasonto amabili. Ungasebenzisa imithi yokubulala izinhlungu evamile ngalokho.
Inqubo yokululama ivame ukushesha. Iningi labantu liya ekhaya ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya:
- Ukugeza: Ukugeza kulungile. Kodwa ungagcobi iglue yokuhlinzwa phezu kwesibazi noma uvumele amanzi ayishaye ngqo.
- Ukunakekela ukusikwa: Hlola ukusikwa nsuku zonke. Ungafaki noma yiluphi uhlobo lokugcoba kuwo. Gwema ukugqoka izingubo ezikhuhla ukusikwa.
- Ukubuyela emsebenzini: Ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile ngesonto noma amabili.
- Ukushayela: Ungashayela futhi uma inxeba selipholile kahle futhi kungekho buhlungu uma uphendula intamo yakho.
Ukuthi nje ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele akusho ukuthi kufanele ubuyele emikhubeni yakho yakudala. Udinga ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwegazi ukuthi kuphinde kwenzeke.
Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwenza lezi zinto:
- Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo .
- Vivinya umzimba uma udokotela ekuvumela.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
- Ukuthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol njengoba kuyalelwe.
Ingabe kufanele ngiphinde ngibone udokotela? Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele?
Yebo, impela. Kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Bese kuba njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha iminyaka emibili, bese kuba kanye ngonyaka ngemva kwalokho. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umthambo wegazi owawuhlinzwe uyavaleka yini futhi, noma uma kunenkinga ngomthambo wegazi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound scan.
Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Naka ngokukhethekile lezi zici! |
|---|
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Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa nokufakwa kwe-stent?
Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi.
- Ukususwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukusika umthambo wegazi nokususa ungqimba olunamafutha ngaphakathi.
- Ukufaka i-stenting: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ibhaluni elincane emthanjeni wegazi ukuze kwandiswe indawo evinjiwe (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-angioplasty), bese kufakwa ipayipi lensimbi (i-stent) ngaphakathi kwendawo evundisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ingavimbeki futhi.
Zombili lezi zindlela zisebenza ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Kujwayelekile ukuthi noma ubani esaba uma ezwa ngenkinga yokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwe-carotid endarterectomy kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni futhi kukusindise esimweni esiyingozi njengesishayo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ucacise konke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-carotid endarterectomy kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa esusa amafutha (i-plaque) ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi oyinhloko entanyeni, okunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
- Nakuba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ngokuvamile kuphephile kakhulu futhi kuyaphumelela uma kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwethimba lezokwelapha elinolwazi.
- Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa siyashesha, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ukuze uvimbele ukuphindaphinda kwamahlule egazi.
- Qaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zivele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma unenkinga, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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