Wake wazibuza ukuthi umzimba wethu uzivuselela kanjani nsuku zonke? Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba sethu siyaphela, futhi uma sithola inxeba, siyaphola futhi isikhumba esisha siyakhula. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kunenqubo emangalisayo nebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukufa Kwamaseli". Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lithusa kancane, empeleni liyinto ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba wethu oyidingayo ukuze uhlale uphilile. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngamazwi alula namuhla.
Ake siqale sibone, ayini la maseli?
Kalula nje, amangqamuzana afana namabhulokhi amancane akha imizimba yethu. Eqinisweni, sinamaseli angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-30 emizimbeni yethu. Njengoba nje izitini zidingeka ukwakha indlu, yonke ingxenye yomzimba wethu, okuhlanganisa isikhumba sethu, imisipha, isibindi, inhliziyo, kanye nobuchopho, yakhiwe ngala maseli. Iseli ngalinye linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.
- Ulwelwesi lweseli: Lolu ulwelwesi oluncane oluzungeze iseli. Lusebenza njengomlindi wesango, lulawula okungena nokuphumayo esiseleni.
- I-Cytoplasm: Lokhu uketshezi olungaphakathi kweseli. Yilapho kwenzeka khona ukusabela okuningi kwamakhemikhali okudingwa yiseli, njengokwenza amaprotheni nokukhiqiza amandla.
- I-Nucleus: Lesi yisikhungo sokulawula seseli, njengobuchopho. Lonke ulwazi lwethu lwezakhi zofuzo, noma i-DNA, lugcinwa ngaphakathi kwale nucleus. I-nucleus iphinde isebenzise ulwazi olukule DNA ukwenza i-RNA, ethwala imiyalezo edingekayo ukuze iseli lisebenze.
Kungani amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu efa?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani amaseli efa. Ezinye zalezi zinhle, ezinye zazo azinhle kangako.
- Ukuguga: Njengoba nje siguga, amaseli nawo anesikhathi esithile sokuphila. Ngemva kokuba iseli eliphilile lihlukane izikhathi ezingaba ngu-50-60 futhi lenze amaseli amasha, lelo seli alisakwazi ukuhlukana. Ngemva kwalokho, iseli liyafa ngokwemvelo.
- Umonakalo: Amanye amangqamuzana onakala ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, lawo maseli ayafa ngokwemvelo futhi athathelwa indawo amangqamuzana amasha, anempilo.
- Ukungasebenzisi: Ngezinye izikhathi, ngesikhathi sokukhula, amanye amangqamuzana awadingeki. Isibonelo, iminwe yomntwana ingase ihlanganiswe ndawonye ekuqaleni, kodwa ihlukane kuphela lapho amangqamuzana aphakathi kwawo efa.
- Izifo nezimbangela zangaphandle: Amagciwane, ubuthi, ukulimala, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha nakho kungabangela ukuba amaseli alimale futhi afe.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi le nqubo yokukhipha amangqamuzana amadala, alimele ibalulekile ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile. Cabanga ngesikhumba sakho. Nsuku zonke, cishe amangqamuzana afile angu-40,000 ayakhishwa esikhumbeni sakho. Isikhumba esisha siyakhiwa ukuze sithathe indawo yawo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokufa kwamaseli?
Ake sixoxe ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko amaseli afa ngazo. Lezi zindlela ezintathu zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Lezi yi-apoptosis, i-autophagy, kanye ne-necrosis.
| Indlela yokufa kweseli | Kalula nje... | Ingabe lokhu kuhle noma kubi? |
|---|---|---|
| I-Apoptosis | Ukuzibulala kwamangqamuzana okuhleliwe nokuhlelekile. (Uhlelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi lweseli) | Ngokuvamile kuhle . Kugcina umzimba uhlanzekile futhi unempilo. |
| I-Autophagy | Iseli liphinda lisebenzise izingxenye zalo ezindala 'ngokuzidla'. (Uhlelo lokuhlanza iseli) | Kungaba kuhle noma kubi . |
| I-Necrosis | Ukufa kweseli ngengozi, ngaphandle kohlelo. (Ingozi yeseli) | Kubi njalo. Kubangela ukufa kwezicubu. |
1. I-Apoptosis - ukufa kweseli okuhleliwe
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa kweseli okuhleliwe." Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi lapho iseli lifinyelela ekupheleni kwesikhathi salo sokuphila, noma lapho lonakele, liyazibhubhisa ngendlela ehlelekile, ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli azungezile.
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kweminwe yengane esibelethweni engikushilo ekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni, kunendawo efana nesikhumba phakathi kweminwe. Lapho amangqamuzana angadingekile aphakathi efa ngendlela ehleliwe ngenxa yenqubo ethi "Apoptosis", iminwe iyahlukana kahle. Uma le nqubo ingenzeki kahle, ezinye izingane zingase zibe neminwe enamathelene lapho zizalwa (Syndactyly).
Kwenzekani uma le nqubo ingahambi kahle?
- Uma i-apoptosis ingenzeki kahle:Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma amangqamuzana amadala, alimele eqhubeka nokuphila engafi. Lawo maseli abezoqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza umdlavuza uvele. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angamaseli "angafi" angafi ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Uma i-apoptosis yenzeka kakhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi, amaseli abalulekile emzimbeni ayafa phakathi nale nqubo lapho kungafanele khona. Isibonelo, ezifweni zesimiso sezinzwa ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson noma isifo sika-Alzheimer, amaseli ezinzwa abalulekile (ama-neurons) ebuchosheni ayafa kakhulu. Lokhu kuthinta ikhono lokucabanga nokunyakaza.
2. I-Autophagy - Amaseli 'azidla' wona
Igama elithi `Autophagy` lisho ``ukuzidlela.'' Lena futhi inqubo ehleliwe. Kodwa-ke, lonke iseli alifi lapha. Okwenzekayo ukuthi iseli ngokwalo ``liyagaya'' izingxenye ezindala, ezonakele, nezingenamsebenzi ngaphakathi kweseli bese lisebenzisa kabusha izinto ezivelayo ukwakha izingxenye ezintsha nezinempilo.
Kalula nje, kufana nokuhlanza indlu. Ulahla izinto eziphukile, uthathe izinto ezisebenzisekayo, bese wakha izinto ezintsha.
Yiziphi izinto ezinhle nezimbi ngalokhu?
- Uhlangothi oluhle: Le nqubo yokuvuselela isiza amasosha omzimba wethu ukuthi abhubhise amagciwane anjengamagciwane namabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni. Ingasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni amangqamuzana anempilo ukuthi angaguquki abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ivikele ezifweni ezifana nesifo senhliziyo.
- Okubi: Uma umuntu esevele enomdlavuza, le nqubo "ye-Autophagy" ingaba nomthelela omubi, njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasebenzisa ukudla okwengeziwe okuvela kulokhu kusetshenziswa kabusha ukuze akhule ngokushesha okukhulu.
Abanye abantu bazama ukulawula ukudla kwabo noma ukuzila ukudla bezama ukuvuselela amangqamuzana abo. Nakuba kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuvuselela inqubo ethi "Autophagy", akukafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi kuyasebenza. Imikhawulo eqinile yokudla ingaba yingozi empilweni yakho, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza into enjalo.
3. I-Necrosis - Amaseli afa ngokuzumayo
Lena yindlela amaseli afa ngayo ngaphandle kohlelo, ngenxa yengozi. Njengoba nje `(Apoptosis)` ifana nomhlalaphansi onokuthula, `(Necrosis)` ifana nokufa ngengozi.
Ngenxa yokulimala, ubuthi, ukutheleleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni ethile, amaseli ayalimala futhi 'ayaqhuma'. Okuqukethwe yileli seli kuyavuza bese kulimaze amaseli aphilile azungezile. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kuleyo ndawo futhi amaseli amaningi aqala ukufa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukufa kwezicubu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izicubu ezifile ngenxa ye-"Necrosis" azikwazi ukubuyiselwa. Odokotela bangasusa izicubu ezifile kuphela ngokuhlinzwa.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-necrosis:
- Ukulimala nezingozi
- Izifo ezifana namagciwane namagciwane
- Izinto ezinobuthi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
- Ukulahlekelwa igazi nomoya-mpilo engxenyeni yomzimba. Isibonelo, uma i-gangrene igugile, izicubu zesikhumba ziyafa. Uma i-avascular necrosis igugile, izicubu zethambo ziyafa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba igama elithi "Ukufa Kwamaseli" lingase lizwakale lesabisa, kuyinqubo evamile kakhulu futhi ebalulekile imizimba yethu eyidingayo ukuze ilondoloze impilo.
- I-Apoptosis inqubo ehlelwe kahle yokususa amaseli amadala nawonakele. Uma lokhu kungenzeki kahle, kungaholela kumdlavuza, futhi uma kwenzeka kakhulu, kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nezifo zezinzwa.
- I-Autophagy inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha nokuhlanza eyenzeka ezingeni lamaseli emzimbeni.
- I-Necrosis ukufa ngengozi kwamaseli. Lokhu kuhlale kubi futhi kuholela ekufeni kwezicubu.
- Uma unokungabaza noma ukwesaba nganoma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho noma isimo sezokwelapha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho futhi uthole iseluleko esifanele.
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