Cabanga udla ukudla okumnandi, unuka imbali enhle, umomotheka uma ubona umngane, ukhala uma uzizwa udabukile... Wake wazibuza ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kunesethi ekhethekile kakhulu yezinzwa ezivela ngqo ebuchosheni bethu. Lezi zilawula imisebenzi yekhanda lethu, intamo, kanye nesifuba. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zinzwa eziyi-12 ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ziyini lezi zinzwa zekhanda?
Kalula nje, lezi yizinzwa ezingu-12 eziqala phansi kobuchopho bethu futhi zithumele izimpawu zikagesi futhi zamukele izimpawu ezivela ezithweni ezithile ekhanda lethu, ebusweni, entanyeni nasesifubeni. Ngokuqondile, izinzwa zethu ezinhlanu ziyasebenza, senza izimo zobuso ezahlukahlukene, sicwayize, sinyakazise ulimi lwethu emuva naphambili, futhi sikhiphe izinyembezi namathe ngenxa yalezi zinzwa. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu sezinzwa.
Ake sibheke ukuthi lezi zinzwa ezingu-12 ziyini nokuthi zenzani.
| Imizwa | Umsebenzi oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| 1. I-Olfactory Nerve | Kuyasiza ngenzwa yokuhogela . Lo mthambo uthwala umuzwa obangelwa yizinhlayiya zephunga ezingena ekhaleni uye ebuchosheni. |
| 2. Inzwa Yokubona | Kuhlobene nokubona . Kuthwala ulwazi lwesithombe kusuka ku-retina yeso kuya ebuchosheni. |
| 3. I-Oculomotor Nerve | Kuyasiza ukuhambisa iso ngokusebenzisa imisipha eminingi ezungeze iso. Kuphinde kulawule ubukhulu bendandatho emnyama esweni, kuye ngokukhanya. |
| 4. I-Trochlear Nerve | Kusebenza omunye umsipha okhethekile esweni ukusiza ukuzungezisa iso liye phansi nangaphakathi . |
| 5. I-Trigeminal Nerve | Yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ithwala imizwa efana nokuthinta nobuhlungu obuvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zekhanda, njengesikhumba sobuso namazinyo, kuya ebuchosheni. |
| 6. I-Abducens Nerve | Ilawula omunye umsipha esweni futhi isiza ekuphenduleni iso emaceleni, okungukuthi, ngaphandle . |
| 7. Inzwa Yobuso | Ilawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso (ukumomotheka, ukufinya amehlo) . Ingaphambili lolimi liphinde lisize ekuboneni ukunambitheka kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamathe nezinyembezi. |
| 8. I-Vestibulocochlear Nerve | Lokhu futhi kunezingxenye ezimbili. Esinye sisiza ngokuzwa , kanti esinye sisiza ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba. |
| 9. I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve | Ingemuva lomphimbo, ingemuva lolimi, lihilelekile ekunambithekeni nasekuzweleni , kanye nenqubo yokugwinya . |
| 10. I-Vagus Nerve | Lona umthambo omude kakhulu we-cranial. Ulawula imisebenzi eminingi ezenzakalelayo, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye nokugaya ukudla . |
| 11. Inzwa Yezesekeli | Kuyasiza ekuvuseleleni imisipha yentamo namahlombe . Lo mthambo unesibopho sokuphendula ikhanda kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye nokuphakamisa amahlombe. |
| 12. I-Hypoglossal Nerve | Le nerve ilawula cishe yonke intshukumo yolimi . Isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ulimi ukuze lukhulume, ludle, futhi luhambise ulimi. |
Zikuphi lezi zinzwa?
Kulezi zimbili zezinzwa, ezimbili (imizwa yokuhogela kanye neyokubona) zivela ebuchosheni, ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho bethu. Ezinye izimbili zezinzwa zivela ebuchosheni, obuxhumanisa ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla emgogodleni wethu.
Kodwa lokhu kumane kuyisiqalo. Le mizwa isakazekela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba kuye ngokuthi isebenza kanjani. Isibonelo, imizwa ye-vagus esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni iyona ende kunazo zonke. Idlula entanyeni, esifubeni, futhi ifinyelele enhliziyweni, emaphashini, kanye nasesimisweni sokugaya ukudla.
Ungayibona kanjani inkinga nge-Cranial Neves?
Lezi zinzwa ezingu-12 zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekhanda nobuso bethu. Ngisho nomonakalo omncane kuzo ungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Njengoba eziningi zalezi zinzwa ziseduze nobuso bekhanda, zonakala kalula ezingozini.
Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yimuphi umthambo owonakele. Isibonelo, uma umthambo wokuhogela wonakele, umuzwa wokuhogela uyalahleka. Uma umthambo wobuso wonakele, ukubonakaliswa kobuso akukwazi ukulawulwa.
Izimpawu ezivamile zobuthakathaka bezinzwa zifaka:
- Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa noma ukuba ndikindiki engxenyeni yobuso
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yobuso noma yentamo
- Ukukhathala okuvamile kanye nobuthakathaka
- Ubuhlungu ebusweni, ekhanda, noma entanyeni
- Ukushintsha kombono (ukubona kabili, ukubona okufiphele)
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni
- Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla noma amanzi
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta lezi zinzwa?
Lezi zinzwa zingalimala ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa:
- I-Trigeminal neuralgia - ubuhlungu obukhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
- Ukukhubazeka kukaBell - ubuthakathaka bemisipha ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (TBI)
- Izimila zobuchopho
- Izifo zesimiso sezinzwa ezifana ne-'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)'
- Ukuqina kobuso - ukunyakazisa imisipha kolunye uhlangothi lobuso ngokungenhloso
- I-glossopharyngeal neuralgia - ubuhlungu obukhulu emphinjeni nasezindlebeni
Sizigcina kanjani lezi zinzwa eziyigugu ziphilile?
Ngenhlanhla, singavimbela kakhulu umonakalo kulezi zinzwa ngokwamukela imikhuba emihle yokuphila.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo .
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo .
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme , lawula ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
- Gwema izimo ezingabangela ukulimala ekhanda (isib. ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili).
- Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela .
- Lawula ukuphuza kwakho utshwala .
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, noma usola ukuthi unenkinga ngalezi zinzwa, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho. Uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa uma kudingeka.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zivela. Lezi zingaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi njengesifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Yiya ku-ETU ngokushesha! |
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Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izinzwa zekhanda ziyizimbili zezinzwa ezibalulekile ezivela ebuchosheni bethu futhi zilawula umbono, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, ukunyakaza kobuso, nokuningi.
- Izimpawu ezinjengokungezwani kobuso, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukushintsha kombono, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya kungaba uphawu lokuthi kunenkinga ngalezi zinzwa.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kusiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni lezi zinzwa.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokuwa kohlangothi olulodwa lobuso bakho ngokuzumayo noma ukukhuluma okungacacile, kungaba yisifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) oseduze ngokushesha.
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