Wake wacabanga ukuthi izinso zethu zifana nezihlungi ezimbili ezinkulu? Yebo, yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinso ukuhlunga imfucuza engafuneki, ubuthi, namanzi angaphezulu egazini lethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sihlungi siyalimala futhi siyeke ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kwehla kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi yi-Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) .
Kalula nje, siyini isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD)?
Cabanga ukuthi isihlungi sakho samanzi sasekhaya siyavaleka kancane kancane. Ekuqaleni, ngeke uqaphele umehluko omkhulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyehla futhi ukunambitheka kwamanzi kuyashintsha. Yilokho okwenzekayo lapho izinso zakho zonakele.
Uma izinso zonakele, azikwazi ukuhlunga nokususa imfucuza egazini ngendlela efanele. Le mfucuza iqala ukunqwabelana egazini. Igama elithi "chronic" lisetshenziswa ngoba lesi simo sikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi akusona isifo esikhula ngobusuku obubodwa.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalesi sifo abazohluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, singalawula umonakalo wezinso futhi silondoloze ukusebenza kwazo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kwenzekani ngempela ezinso zethu?
Sinezinso ezimbili. Lezi zitho ezimise okwebhontshisi zitholakala emhlane wethu, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomgogodla wethu, ngaphansi nje kwesikhala sezimbambo zethu. Ubukhulu bezinso eyodwa bucishe bulingane nesandla sesandla sethu. Nakuba umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukuhlunga igazi, zenza neminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwegazi: Imfucuza, ubuthi, namanzi angaphezulu egazini kukhishwa njengomchamo.
- Ukulinganisela usawoti namaminerali: Kusiza ukugcina inani elifanele lama-electrolyte (usawoti) adingwa umzimba, njenge-sodium ne-potassium.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone: Ama-hormone alawula umfutho wegazi kanye nama-hormone enza amaseli abomvu egazi akhiqizwa yizinso.
- Igcina amathambo eqinile: I-Vitamin D iyasebenza futhi isiza ukugcina amathambo eqinile.
Uma lezi zinto zingenziwa kahle, imfucuza iyanqwabelana emzimbeni bese sigula.
Yiziphi izigaba ezi-5 zesifo sezinso?
Odokotela, kunesilinganiso sokuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) . Kalula nje, lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi zingaki amamililitha egazi elihlungwa yizinso zakho ngomzuzu. Leli nani le-GFR lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo ngezigaba ezinhlanu. Leli nani lingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.
| Isiteji | Inani le-GFR (mL/min) | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | 90 noma ngaphezulu | Kunomonakalo omncane ezinso, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuvamile. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | 60 - 89 | Umsebenzi wezinso uncishisiwe kancane. |
| Isigaba 3 | 30 - 59 | Ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla kancane. |
| Isigaba 4 | 15 - 29 | Ukusebenza kwezinso kwehle kakhulu. |
| Isigaba 5 | Ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15 | Izinso zicishe zingasebenzi kahle (Ukwehluleka Kwezinso). |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Inkinga enkulu ngalesi sifo ukuthi asibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Kungathatha iminyaka ukuthi ukungcola kuqongeleleke emzimbeni futhi kubonise izimpawu. Yingakho abantu abaningi bengazi ukuthi banalesi sifo. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukudinga ukuchama njalo.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenampilo.
- Ukudla akunambitheki.
- Ukuvuvukala kwezandla, izinyawo, namaqakala.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Umchamo onegwebu (onamaqhubu).
- Ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwamehlo.
- Isikhumba esomile nesilumayo.
- Ubunzima bokugxila entweni ethile.
- Ukungalali.
- Ukuqaqamba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Ubumnyama besikhumba.
Lezi zimpawu zingavela nakwezinye izifo, ngakho-ke uma uhlangabezana nento efana nale, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo sezinso?
Lesi sifo senzeka lapho izinso zonakele futhi zingasasebenzi kahle. Esifweni sezinso esingamahlalakhona, lo monakalo uvela kancane kancane, eminyakeni eminingi. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhula kwalesi sifo eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele.
1. Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, imithambo yegazi ethambile enikeza igazi ezinso iyalimala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo unciphisa ikhono lezinso lokuhlunga igazi.
2. Isifo Sikashukela: Uma amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka, kulimaza nama-fine filtering units (glomeruli) ezinso.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko, kungase kube nezinye izizathu eziningi.
| Isizathu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izizathu eziyinhloko | Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kanye nesifo sikashukela. |
| I-Glomerulonephritis | Ukulimala kwamayunithi okuhlunga (i-glomeruli) ezinso. |
| Isifo sezinso se-Polycystic | Lesi yisifo esizuzwe njengefa esibangela ukuthi kwakheke ama-cyst amaningi agcwele uketshezi ezinso. |
| Ukuvaleka komgudu womchamo | Ukuvaleka komchamo ngenxa yamatshe ezinso, ukwanda kwe-prostate, noma umdlavuza. |
| Ukutheleleka kwezinso okuphindaphindiwe (i-Pyelonephritis) | Ukutheleleka njalo kwamagciwane ezinso. |
| Ezinye izifo | Izifo zamasosha omzimba ezifana ne-lupus. |
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Noma ubani angaba nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Kodwa-ke, usengozini enkulu uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma unesifo sikashukela.
- Uma une-high blood pressure.
- Uma unesifo senhliziyo.
- Uma kukhona emndenini oke waba nesifo sezinso.
- Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.
- Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi yobuhlungu (ama-NSAID) , okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezithile zemithi yobuhlungu ongazithenga ekhemisi, isikhathi eside.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, umlando womndeni, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nezimpawu ozizwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi bahlele ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuningana ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezinso zakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kubheka kakhulu amazinga akho e-GFR kanye ne-serum creatinine . I-Creatinine iwumkhiqizo ongcolile okhiqizwa yimisipha yethu. Izinso eziphilile ziyawukhipha emchameni. Uma izinso zihluleka, i-creatinine iyanqwabelana egazini.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kuhlola amaprotheni (i-albumin) noma igazi emchameni. Izinso eziphilile azivumeli lezi zinto ukuthi zidlulele emchameni.
Ngezinye izikhathi, into efana ne- ultrasound scan ingenziwa ukuhlola usayizi nesimo sezinso. Noma, i -biopsy yezinso ingenziwa, okuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezinso bese uyihlola.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona asinakwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa singanciphisa umonakalo wezinso futhi sizigcine zisebenza kahle isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele zenziwe.
Khumbula, konke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
- Ukuvakashela udokotela njalo:Hlangana nodokotela wakho wezinzwa ngezinsuku ezihleliwe bese wenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
- Ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi: Uma unesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, balawule kahle.
- Gwema imithi elimaza izinso: Ungaqhubeki nokuthatha imithi yokubulala izinhlungu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Ukudla okuhambisana nezinso: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uzokwelulekwa ukuthi unciphise usawoti (i-sodium), i-potassium, unciphise ukudla amaprotheni, futhi udle ukudla okune-cholesterol ephansi.
- Gwema ukubhema.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Vivinya imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
Imithi
Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo:
- Imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (i-ACE inhibitors, ama-ARB).
- Ama-diuretics yimithi esusa amanzi angaphezulu emzimbeni.
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
- Uma une-anemia, thatha imithi esiza ekukhiqizeni amaseli abomvu egazi.
- Izinto ezifana ne-vitamin D ukuvimbela ubuthakathaka bamathambo.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma izinso zehluleka ngokuphelele (Isifo Sezinso Esisesigabeni Sokugcina)?
Uma lesi sifo sifinyelela esigabeni sesi-5, okusho ukwehluleka kwezinso ngokuphelele, kuzodingeka usebenzise ezinye izindlela ukuze usinde. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokho.
1. I-Dialysis: I-Dialysis inqubo yokuhlanza igazi izinso ezingakwazi ukuyenza ngosizo lomshini.
- I-Hemodialysis: Yilapho igazi lakho lithunyelwa khona emshinini, lapho imfucuza isuswa khona bese ibuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kathathu ngesonto, cishe amahora amane isikhathi ngasinye.
- I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Kulokhu, kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile ngepayipi elibekwe esiswini sakho. Ngemva kokuba uketshezi selumunce imfucuza emzimbeni wakho, bese lukhishwa ngepayipi elifanayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuya esibhedlela.
2. Ukufakelwa Izinso: Ukufakelwa izinso ngokuhlinzwa ngenso ephilile. Lokhu kungenziwa kumuntu ophilayo (ngokuvamile ilungu lomndeni) noma kumuntu oshonile (onikela ngezitho zomzimba).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona siwukwehla kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ingozi enkulu yalokhu ukuthi kungase kungabonakali izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ukuthi bahlolwe izinso zabo njalo.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele,Ukulimala kwezinso kungalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kahle. Thatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, lawula ukudla kwakho, futhi uvivinye umzimba.
- Ungesabi ukwazi ukuthi unalesi sifo. Ngokuphathwa kahle, ungaphila impilo evamile. Futhi, thola ukwesekwa ngumndeni wakho nabangani.
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