Njengomama noma ubaba, ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzibuza ukuthi, "Ingabe ukuziphatha komntwana wami kuhlukile kancane?" Noma ingabe unokungabaza okuncane engqondweni yakho ngokukhula kwakhe? Kuvamile kakhulu ukuba nemicabango efana nale. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge-autism, isimo esikhathaza abazali abaningi, kodwa esingalawulwa uma siqondwa kahle. Ikakhulukazi, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo singatholakala cishe ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana ezalwa.
Kuyini i-autism?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngalokhu okusha okutholiwe, ake siqonde ukuthi iyini i-autism. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). "I-spectrum" ifana nothingo. Njengoba nje kunemibala ehlukene, amakhono nezinselele zezingane ezine-autism zihlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Kalula nje, lesi yisimo esithinta ukukhula kobuchopho bengane. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ibhekane nezinselele ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuxhumana nabantu : Kungase kube nobunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwano nabanye, ukubukana emehlweni, nokuqonda imizwa yabanye.
2. Ukuxhumana: Ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nokuphuza ukukhuluma, ukusebenzisa izimpawu esikhundleni samagama, noma ukuphinda amagama afanayo.
3. Ukuziphatha: Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe (isib. ukushaya izandla, ukuqoqa amathoyizi ngendlela efanayo), kanye nokuzwela izinto ezithile (umsindo, iphunga, ukukhanya).
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-autism ayisona isifo, iyindlela yokubona nokuzwa umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile. Laba bantwana bangase babe namakhono akhethekile.
Ingabe ingane ingatholakala ukuthi ine-autism lapho izalwa?
Yebo! Lezi yizindaba zakamuva nezinhle kakhulu. Iqembu labacwaningi eDuke University e-United States lisanda kuthola into emangazayo kakhulu. Badale uhlelo lwekhompyutha, i-algorithm ekhethekile, engahlaziya amarekhodi empilo yengane yokuqala futhi ibikezele ukuthi leyo ngane isengozini yokuthola i-autism esikhathini esizayo.
Cabanga ukuthi kungaba usizo kangakanani ukukwazi ukwenza lesi sibikezelo usebenzisa ulwazi olutholakala encwadini yezempilo yomntwana noma kumarekhodi esibhedlela phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokuzalwa?
Isebenza kanjani le algorithm?
Abacwaningi bahlaziye amarekhodi ezempilo kagesi ezingane ezingaba ngu-45,000(amarekhodi ezokwelapha e-elekthronikhi) ahlolisisiwe. Lapho behlaziya le datha, babone amaphethini amaningana ezempilo avamile ebuntwaneni bezingane ezatholakala kamuva zine-autism.
Kunjalo:
- Ukuvakashela udokotela wamehlo ngezinkinga zamehlo.
- Ukuvakashela udokotela wezinzwa ngezinkinga ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu njalo nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla (Izinkinga zesisu).
- Isidingo sokwelashwa ngokomzimba.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngoba nje ingane inale nto eyodwa, ine-autism. Cha, ungacabangi kanjalo. Lokhu okwenziwa yile algorithm ukuqoqa amakhulu ezingcezu ezincane zolwazi olufana nalolu bese uthola iphethini iyonke evela kuzo. Kufana nomseshi ohlanganisa izinkomba ezincane bese edala isithombe esikhulu.
Kungani ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yendaba. Uma i-autism isheshe itholakale, kuba ngcono ngekusasa lengane. Sikubiza ngokuthi "Ukungenelela Kwasekuqaleni."
- Ukuqina kobuchopho: Ubuchopho bezingane ezincane bufana nobumba olumanzi. Buguquguquka kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi (i-neuroplasticity). Ngakho-ke, uma ukwelashwa okudingekayo kunikezwa kusenesikhathi, ubuchopho bengane buzosizwa kakhulu ukwakha ukuxhumana okusha nokunqoba izinselele.
- Imiphumela Emihle Kakhulu: Izinto ezifana nokwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nokwelashwa ngomsebenzi, uma ziqalwa kusenesikhathi, zingenza izimangaliso ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana nokuxhumana kwengane.
- Impumuzo kubazali: Kuyimpumuzo enkulu kubazali ukuqonda isizathu sokuziphatha kwengane yabo. Kuphinde kubanike ithuba lokufunda ukuthi bangayisiza kanjani ingane yabo.
Isifundo esikhulu esisifundiswa yilolu cwaningo ukuthi i-autism ayiyona nje indlela yokuziphatha, ihlobene nempilo yomzimba yengane iyonke .
Yini okufanele siyifunde kulokhu njengabazali eSri Lanka?
Le algorithm kungenzeka ukuthi ayikakaqaliswa eSri Lanka okwamanje. Kodwa umyalezo oyisisekelo ewudluliselayo uwusizo kakhulu kithi. Njengabazali, kubalulekile ukuthi niqaphele intuthuko yengane yenu. Etafuleni elingezansi, bheka ezinye zezici ezivamile okufanele niziqaphele eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yengane.
| Ubudala | Izinto okufanele uzinake |
|---|---|
| Izinyanga ezingu-6-9 | - Ukuntuleka kokumamatheka okukhulu noma ukukhombisa imizwa ejabulisayo. - Nishintshana ngokwenza umsindo nokuhleka nani. - Angiphenduli igama. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-12 (unyaka) | - Gwema ukubhuqa. - Ukungenzi izimpawu zezandla njengokusho ukuthi 'tata' noma ukukhomba okuthile. - Ukungabheki emuva lapho kubizwa igama labo. |
| Izinyanga ezingu-16-24 (iminyaka engu-1.5 - 2) | - Ukungakhulumi igama elilodwa (izinyanga ezingu-16) noma imisho emibili (izinyanga ezingu-24). - Ukuntuleka kwesithakazelo kwabanye abantwana. - Angibheki ngqo emehlweni. - Ukuphinda izenzo ezifanayo (isib., amasondo ajikelezayo, ukunyakazisa emuva naphambili). |
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngisola into efana nale?
Uma unokungabaza ngomntwana wakho, sicela ungesabi noma ungazigcini. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho, udokotela wezingane, noma udokotela emtholampilo wakho wokubeletha (MOH) ngalokhu.
Ungesabi ukusho ukuthi, "Dokotela, ingane yami ayibonakali ibheka abanye abantu kahle, futhi ngizizwa nginovalo kancane." Hlonipha imizwa yakho. Yilolo usizo olukhulu ongalunika ingane yakho.
Udokotela uzoqhubeka nokuhlola ingane uma kudingeka bese eyithumela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane. Khumbula, lokhu akuyona into engatholakala ngokuhlolwa okukodwa. Kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi esithile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisona isifo. Kuyindlela ehlukile ingane ebona futhi ezwa ngayo umhlaba.
- Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi ulwazi lwempilo yomzimba yengane kusukela ebuntwaneni lungabona ingozi ye-autism kusenesikhathi.
- I-Autism ayigcini nje ekuziphatheni, ihlobene nempilo yengane iyonke (amehlo, amathumbu, ukunyakaza).
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula noma ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, sicela ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lengane yakho.
- Njengomzali, lalela imizwa yakho yobuzali. Awuwedwa, futhi kunezindawo eziningi ongathola kuzo usizo.
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