Wake wezwa igama elithi 'isivivinyo somtholampilo'? Mhlawumbe uke walibona ku-movie noma ephephandabeni. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuyinto enkulu, eyesabekayo. Kodwa empeleni, imithi eminingi kanye nokwelashwa esikusebenzisayo namuhla kwadalwa ngenxa yocwaningo olufana nalolu. Ngaphandle kwayo, imithi emisha, esindisa impilo ibingeke itholakale. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi 'isivivinyo somtholampilo' siyini, siyini, senziwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha?
Kulula kakhulu. Isivivinyo somtholampilo siwucwaningo lwezokwelapha oluhilela abantu abazithandela. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kuyasebenza ngempela nokuthi kuphephile yini ukuthi abantu bakusebenzise.
Lolu cwaningo lungaba ngezinto ezahlukahlukene.
- Mayelana nendlela yokuthola isifo esisha.
- Mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela ukugula.
- Mayelana nomuthi omusha, inhlanganisela yemithi eminingana, noma idivayisi entsha yezokwelapha.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kakhulu ngocwaningo ngemithi emisha yokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi unesifo esithile, ungase ufune ukuzibandakanya njengendlela yokuthola imithi emisha yaso. Futhi, abantu abaphilile abangaguli nhlobo bayazinikela ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yezokwelapha nokusiza abanye abagulayo.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi yocwaningo?
Isivivinyo somtholampilo asikwazi ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kunenqubo ende ngaphambi kwalokho. Cabanga ngakho njengokucwaninga umzila, ukuhlola imoto, nokulungisa konke ngaphambi kokuya ohambweni olude.
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa: Lonke ucwaningo luqala ngombono. Okusho ukuthi, umqondo ofana nokuthi "Lo muthi omusha uzosebenza kulesi sifo." Bese lo muthi uqala uhlolwe elabhorethri (ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri) futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezilwaneni (ucwaningo ezilwaneni).
- Iphrothokholi yesivivinyo somtholampilo: Uma izivivinyo zokuqala zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kunethuba lokuphumelela, abacwaningi babe sebedala uhlelo olunemininingwane eminingi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "iphrothokholi." Kufanele kuchaze ngokucacile ukuthi kungani kwenziwa isivivinyo, ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlolwayo, nokuthi yiziphi "iziphetho zesivivinyo" okulindeleke ukuthi zilinganise ekupheleni kwesivivinyo.
- Ukuthola imvume:Ngisho nasezweni lethu, njengakunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, ngaphambi kokwenza ucwaningo oluhilela abantu, kumele kutholakale imvume ezikhulwini zezempilo kulelo zwe (isibonelo, ezikhungweni ezifana neNational Medicines Regulatory Authority - i-NMRA eSri Lanka) kanye nasekomidini elikhethekile lokuziphatha (iBhodi Lokubuyekeza Izikhungo - i-IRB noma iKomidi Lokuziphatha) lesibhedlela noma isikhungo esenza ucwaningo. Inhloso eyinhloko yale komidi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha namalungelo alabo abahlanganyela ocwaningweni.
Kuphela ngemva kokuba konke lokhu kuvunyelwa sekutholiwe lapho abacwaningi bangaqala khona ukufuna abantu abazimisele ukuhlanganyela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Imvume Enolwazi
Uma ucabanga ngokujoyina isivivinyo somtholampilo, lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona nje iphepha olisayinayo. Yingxoxo eningiliziwe phakathi kwakho nethimba locwaningo.
Phakathi nale nqubo ethi "Imvume Enolwazi", ithimba locwaningo lizokuchazela konke.
- Ziyini izinhloso zocwaningo?
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuwe?
- Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lokhu kuqhubeka?
- Yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo ongase ubhekane nazo?
- Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ongazithola ezingahlobene nalokhu?
- Ingabe kuzokubiza noma yini?
- Ugcina kanjani ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu luyimfihlo?
Uzonikezwa idokhumenti enalo lonke lolu lwazi ukuze ulifunde. Kungaba nzima kancane, ngakho ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mincane kangakanani.
Khumbula, ukuhlanganyela kulokhu kungokuzithandela ngokuphelele. Unelungelo lokuhoxa kulolu cwaningo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhalisele noma ngesikhathi socwaningo.
Ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa ngendlela "engahleliwe". Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunqunywa ngokungahleliwe, njengokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola umuthi omusha noma ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwamanje. Lokhu futhi kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele kusenesikhathi.
Izigaba Zesilingo Sezokwelapha
Ngokuvamile kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zocwaningo ngomuthi omusha. Isigaba ngasinye sinomgomo ohlukile, futhi kuqashwa izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezintsha zesigaba ngasinye.
| Isigaba | Inombolo kanye nohlobo lwabahlanganyeli | Inhloso eyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | Iqembu elincane (cishe abantu abangu-20-100). Ngokuvamile abantu abaphilile. | Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuthi, ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele, nokuhlola imiphumela emibi kakhulu kuqala. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Iqembu elikhulu kancane (cishe abantu abayi-100-300) abanezimo zezokwelapha ezihlobene nocwaningo. | Ukubona ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza (uyasebenza) yini kulesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso. Uyaqhubeka nokuqapha ukuthi ngabe kuvela imiphumela emisha yini. |
| Isigaba 3 | Iqembu elikhulu kakhulu (300-3,000 noma ngaphezulu) labantu abanesimo sezokwelapha esifanele. | Ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kokuphepha nokusebenza kahle komuthi. Ukuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okujwayelekile okukhona. Imiphumela yalesi sigaba izonquma ukuthi umuthi uzovunyelwa yini ukusetshenziswa komphakathi jikelele noma cha. |
| Isigaba 4 | Ngemva kokuba umuthi usuvunyelwe, izinkulungwane zeziguli zawusebenzisa. | Ukuqapha izinkinga ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kanye nemiphumela emibi engavamile engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, ngemva kokuba umuthi ufikile emakethe. |
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo?
Njenganoma yini, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi. Konke lokhu kuzochazwa kuwe ngesikhathi senqubo ethi "Imvume Enolwazi".
Izinzuzo Ezingaba Khona
- Ukufinyelela ekwelashweni kwakamuva: Ungase ube nethuba lokuthola ukwelashwa kwakamuva okungakafiki emakethe evamile, okungase kube yimpumelelo enkulu kunezokwelapha ezikhona.
- Ukulawula impilo yakho kakhudlwana: Funda kabanzi ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho, bese usebenzisana eduze nethimba lakho lezokwelapha.
- Ukusiza abanye: Ukubamba kwakho iqhaza kungasiza izinkulungwane zabantu abanesimo esifanayo nesakho esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuhlanganyela njengomuntu ophilile, wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi yezokwelapha.
Izingozi Ezingaba Khona
- Imiphumela emibi: Ukwelashwa okusha kokuhlola kungabangela imiphumela emibi engalindelekile, okungadinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.
- Isikhathi esengeziwe kanye nokuzibophezela: Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uze esibhedlela kaningi, uhlolwe, futhi uhlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.
- Ukwehluleka kokwelashwa: Ukwelashwa okusha kungase kungasebenzi kuwe, noma kungase kungabi ngcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwamanje.
- Ukungatholi ukwelashwa okusha: Esivivinyweni esingahleliwe, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ungathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwamanje esikhundleni sokwelashwa okusha, noma mhlawumbe i-placebo engenawo umuthi osebenzayo.
Eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze
Ngaphambi kokujoyina isivivinyo somtholampilo, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Lokho kuvamile. Nansi eminye imibuzo ebalulekile ongayibuza ithimba locwaningo.
- Kungani kwenziwa lolu cwaningo?
- Kuzoba isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngihileleke kulokhu?
- Uma ngithola ukwelashwa, kuzonikezwa kanjani (njengephilisi, njenge-IV, noma enye indlela)?
- Kuzodingeka ngize kangaki? Kuzodingeka ngize kuphi?
- Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufika lapho kanye?
- Ingabe kuzodingeka ngikhokhele noma yini kulolu cwaningo?
- Ziyini izingozi? Kungayithinta kanjani impilo yami?
- Uma ngingahlanganyeli kulokhu noma ngingaphumi phakathi, kuzokwenzekani ngokunakekelwa kwami kwezokwelapha okuvamile?
- Ubani onesibopho sokunakekelwa kwami kwezokwelapha?
- Ingabe ngizokwaziswa ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo?
- Uma lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelele futhi kuvunyelwe, ngingaqhubeka yini nokukwenza?
- Uma ngiba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ngingahoxa yini ocwaningweni?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadidekile ngayo. Uma uhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha, izinkinga zakho ezivamile zempilo (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme) zizoqhubeka nokunakekelwa udokotela wakho ojwayelekile kanye nethimba lezokwelapha.
Ithimba eliphethe isivivinyo sezokwelapha ligxila kuphela emuthini omusha noma ekwelashweni okuhlolwayo. Liqapha impendulo yomzimba wakho ekwelashweni okusha futhi lelaphe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ivele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzothola ukunakekelwa okuvela emaqenjini amabili ezokwelapha.
Ekugcineni, izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziyinjini eqhubekisela phambili isayensi yezokwelapha. Nakuba zingase zibonakale njengesayensi ezweni langaphandle, enhliziyweni yabo kunabantu abazinikela ngokuzithandela ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Ngaphandle kwazo, abacwaningi bebengeke bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi umuthi omusha uphephile noma usebenza kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izivivinyo zezokwelapha, noma ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi yezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlanganyela kungokuzithandela ngokuphelele , futhi unelungelo lokuhoxa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Imvume Enolwazi iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelayo. Buza futhi uphendule yonke imibuzo onayo.
- Ucwaningo ngalunye lunezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi, futhi kubalulekile ukuzazi kahle lezi zinto.
- Imithetho eqinile kanye nezinqubo zokuqapha zikhona ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahlanganyeli.
- Uma ucabanga ngokujoyina isivivinyo somtholampilo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho kuqala.
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