Wake wesaba yini uma ubona igazi esitulweni sakho noma ubona amabala egazi ephepheni lakho langasese? Noma uhlala unobuhlungu obungavamile esiswini sakho, umuzwa wokugcwala? Abantu abaningi ezweni lakithi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivamile njenge "piles" futhi abazinaki kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingase zingabi yinto encane njengoba sicabanga. Lezi zingase zibe yizimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ungesabi noma wesabe manje. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lesi sifo futhi uhlale uqaphile. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokucacile nangokulula.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu?
Umdlavuza we-Coloral Rectum, noma ngokwezokwelapha, umdlavuza we-Coloral Rectum, umdlavuza okhula emathunjini noma ema-rectum, ingxenye yokugcina yesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla. Akuyona into ekhula ngobusuku obubodwa.
Cabanga nje, odongeni lwangaphakathi lwekholoni yethu, kuvela amaqhubu amancane, njengemifudlana emincane, okokuqala. Siwabiza ngokuthi "ama-Polyps". Akuwona wonke la maqhubu aba umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zamaqhubu zingashintsha kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi (ngokuvamile cishe iminyaka eyi-10) futhi zibe amangqamuzana anomdlavuza.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma la maqhubu engatholakala futhi asuswe ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza, umdlavuza ungavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Futhi, uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okuba welashwe futhi welapheke ngokuphelele aphezulu kakhulu.
Qaphela nalezi zimpawu!
Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza wamathumbu ukhula kancane kakhulu, ungase ungabonakali izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Uma izimpawu zivela, zingafana nezinye izifo ezivamile. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Okunye okwengeziwe ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Ushintsho emikhubeni yokuzilungisa | Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa okuhlala izinsuku eziningana. Indle encane kunangaphambili, njengepensela. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Igazi elibomvu noma elimnyama esitulweni. Ukubona amabala egazi esitsheni sendlu yangasese noma ephepheni lendlu yangasese. |
| Ukungakhululeki kwesisu | Ubuhlungu besisu obuvamile, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokungakhululeki kwesisu. |
| Ukuzizwa sengathi kusenendle ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese | Ngisho nangemva kokukhipha isisu, usazizwa sengathi amathumbu akho awakaphumi ngokuphelele. |
| Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu naphezu kokuphumula okwanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umdlavuza ungabangela ukulahlekelwa igazi ngokweqile emzimbeni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni yigazi. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma isisindo somzimba wakho sehla ngendlela engalindelekile ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca, khathazeka. |
Khumbula, akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza. Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu kanye nesifo sohudo kungabangelwa yigciwane lesisu. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi uma unegazi esitulweni sakho, sicela ungakushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Ayikho imbangela eyodwa eqondile yomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezithile ezakhiweni zamaseli aphilile emathunjini amakhulu (i-Genetic Mutations), okubangela ukuthi lawo maseli ahlukane futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki. Amaseli omdlavuza akha ngale ndlela ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe ama-polyp nama-tumors.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luveze izinto eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala | Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, kube nokwanda kwenani lamacala abikiwe kubantu abangaphansi kwalokho. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma omunye wezihlobo zakho zegazi eziseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini, izingane) eke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu noma ama-polyps amakhulu, nawe usengozini enkulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ethole lesi sifo ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-45. |
| Izimo zofuzo | Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Lynch syndrome kanye ne-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) zandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abane-body mass index (BMI) engaphezu kuka-25 basengozini enkulu. |
| Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala | Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala njalo (ngisho noma kuncane) kwandisa kakhulu ingozi. |
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu zakho, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho ngokuningiliziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho uzohlola umzimba wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yesifo sakho.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Igazi lakho lizohlolwa ukuthi alinawo yini umfutho wegazi ngokwenza inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC). Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, njengophawu lomdlavuza (i-CEA assay), nakho kungenziwa.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scans (Computed Tomography) kanye ne-MRI scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izimila ezinomdlavuza emzimbeni nokuthi zisakazeke kangakanani.
- I-Diagnostic Colonoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungcono kakhulu nolunembe kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela wezifo zamathumbu ufaka ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo (elinekhamera enamathiselwe) nge-anus bese ehlola lonke i-colon ngesikrini.
- Ngalesi sikhathi, uma kukhona iqhubu elisolisayo (i-polyp), lingasuswa ngokuphelele noma kuthathwe ingxenye yalo encane (i-biopsy) bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Uma lesi sifo sesiqinisekisiwe ngalezi zivivinyo, isigaba somdlavuza sinqunywa ngokusekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza ukuphi, ukuthi usakazeke yini kuma-lymph node, nokuthi usakazeke yini kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwa ngokusekelwe kulesi sigaba.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ungakhathazeki, manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezithuthukile zalesi sifo. Indlela yokwelapha incike esigabeni somdlavuza wakho, indawo okuyo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuhlinzwa .
- Ukususwa kwezicubu ezikhula ngaphambi komdlavuza (ama-polyp) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy.
- Ukususwa kwe-Colectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yekholoni lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona ngokuhlinzwa.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, noma ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingadingeka futhi:
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Ukunikeza imithi eqondisa ama-molecule athile athinta ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe futhi anqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele kangcono.
Lesi sifo singalapheka kanjani?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawucabangayo. "Izinga Lokusinda" yiphesenti leziguli eziphila eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokutholakala zinesifo. Lokhu kuncike kakhulu esigabeni lapho isifo sitholakala khona.
- Ezigabeni zokuqala (Ezasendaweni): Uma umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ku-colon, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphezulu lifinyelela ku- 91% .
- Isifunda: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezicutshini ezizungezile noma kuma-lymph node, leli phesenti licishe libe ngu -73% .
- Okude: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude njengesibindi namaphaphu, leli phesenti lehla laya ku- 13% .
Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zibalo. Lezi zimane nje ziyizilinganiso ezijwayelekile ezisekelwe kudatha evela ezinkulungwaneni zeziguli. Isimo sakho singase sihluke kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Khona-ke amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sihlale siphephile emdlavuza?
Nakuba kungekho ndlela yokuvimbela umdlavuza ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Ukudla okuhle: Nciphisa ukudla kwakho uwoyela, ushukela, ufulawa, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube), kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe (amasoseji, ubhekeni). Kunalokho, yidla ukudla okune-fiber eningi njengemifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele .
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, thola usizo lokuyeka. Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu empilweni yakho iyonke.
- Nciphisa utshwala: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele noma ukubusebenzisa kancane kakhulu.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Lawula isisindo somzimba wakho ngokuzivocavoca njalo nokudla ukudla okulinganiselayo.
- Thola Ukuhlolwa Useneminyaka Efanele: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthola i-colonoscopy yokuhlola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu cishe uneminyaka engu-45-50. Uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi sifo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi.
Lezi zivivinyo zingabona futhi zisuse ama-polyp angaba umdlavuza kusenesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukukhula komdlavuza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwemikhuba yamathumbu, ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi igazi esitulweni. Uma ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ungakuhlehlisi ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokwesaba.
- Uma unezici eziyingozi noma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 ubudala, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema notshwala) kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
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