Wake wazibuza ukuthi, uma ugula ngenxa yomkhuhlane, umane uziphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Lokho kungenxa yokuthi amasosha ethu omzimba, ibutho lethu elilwa nesifo, lilwa nawo. Kodwa cabanga ukuthi lawo mandla okulwa, leso sikhali esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies, angathathwa kumuntu oselulame kulesi sifo futhi anikezwe omunye umuntu ohlushwa yilesi sifo esifanayo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi lokhu kwelashwa okumangalisayo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-Convalescent Plasma Therapy.
Kalula nje, iyini i-plasma yokwelapha?
Kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda lokhu. Igazi lethu liqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli, njengamaseli abomvu egazi namaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli antanta oketshezini oluphuzi. Leyo ngxenye yoketshezi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-plasma .
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi umuntu uthola isifo esithathelwanayo, isibonelo ukutheleleka okukhulu kwegciwane. Amasosha omzimba wakhe alwa negciwane futhi enze uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni olungalibhubhisa. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Kufana nebutho lethu eliqaphela isitha bese lenza isibhamu esikhethekile esingahlasela leso sitha kuphela.
Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuntu eseluleme ngokugcwele kulesi sifo, amanye ala ma-antibodies abalulekile ahlala egazini lakhe, ikakhulukazi ku-plasma. Igama elithi ukululama lisho "ukululama ekuguleni."
Ngakho-ke, kulokhu kwelashwa, igazi lithathwa kumuntu oselulame esifweni esifanayo (umnikeli) bese kuhlukaniswa i-plasma kuphela kuso. Bese kuthi leyo plasma ecebile ngama-antibody inikezwe njengokumpontshelwa igazi komunye umuntu onesifo esifanayo. Lokhu kufana nokuthumela ama-commando ambalwa anolwazi aziyo ukuthi angalwa kanjani nesifo emzimbeni womuntu ongazi ukuthi angalwa kanjani nesifo.
Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lusetshenziselwa izifo ezinjani?
Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezintsha emphakathini, ezingaba zimbi kakhulu, futhi okungekho muthi wokugomela noma ukwelashwa okuthile okwamanje. Lokhu kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuvimbeleni izifo ezisongela ukuphila.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ezinye zezindlela zomlando kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamuva kwalokhu kwelashwa.
| Igama lesifo | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| I-COVID 19 | Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengokwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-coronavirus okusanda kusabalala emhlabeni jikelele. |
| Imfiva yokopha ebangelwa yigciwane | Isibonelo, amagciwane anamandla njenge-Ebola abangela ukopha kwangaphakathi emzimbeni. |
| I-SARS (Isifo Sokuphefumula Esinamandla Kakhulu) | Leli futhi yigciwane elivela emndenini we-coronavirus futhi lithinta kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula. |
| Umkhuhlane wezinyoni / Umkhuhlane wezinyoni | Isifo esibi esifana nomkhuhlane esingadluliselwa kubantu sisuka ezinyonini. |
| I-H1N1 (Umkhuhlane wezingulube) | Uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane elaba ubhubhane womhlaba wonke ngo-2009. |
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kanjani ngempela?
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngomqondo wokuzivikela komzimba ongasebenzi . Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kunzima ukukuqonda, empeleni kulula kakhulu.
Uma igciwane langaphandle lingena emizimbeni yethu okokuqala (okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi sesike saba nalesi sifo noma sagonyelwa sona), umzimba wethu awukwazi ukuyibona ngokushesha igciwane bese ulwa nalo. Kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu akhiqize ama-antibodies adingekayo ukulwa nalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu.
Kodwa ukwelashwa nge-plasma yokwelapha ngokululama kufana nokuboleka amanye ama-antibodies asevele enziwe, alungele ukulwa kumuntu oselulame kulesi sifo. Lapho la ma-antibodies engena emzimbeni wesiguli, asheshe aqaphele igciwane elihlaselayo bese eqala ukulihlasela.
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nokuletha isosha elinolwazi elazi kahle inkundla yempi kanye nesitha ekuqaleni kwempi. Ngenkathi lithola lolu sizo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sesiguli naso sinesikhathi sokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba aso.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokunikela nge-plasma?
Le nqubo yenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu nangokuphepha.
Ngaphambi kokunikela nge-plasma
Uma unquma ukwenza lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzoqala ahlole umlando wakho wezokwelapha, uhlobo lwegazi lakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Futhi, umnikeli we-plasma kumele ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile.
- Udinga ukululama ngokuphelele ekuguleni kwakhe.
- Kudingeka sihlole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lakhe linamazinga aphezulu ama-antibodies alwa nalesi sifo.
Ngesikhathi unikela nge-plasma
Lena inqubo efana nokunikeza usawoti ojwayelekile.
- Kukwenza uzizwe ukhululekile embhedeni noma esihlalweni.
- Isisebenzi sezempilo sizokhetha umthambo ofanele engalweni yakho, sihlanze kahle futhi sibulale amagciwane endaweni.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa i-cannula encane (ipayipi elinenaliti) kulowo mthambo bese kufakwa umugqa we-IV (ongena emthanjeni) kuwo.
- Kusukela esikhwameni esiqukethe i-plasma, i-plasma ingena kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho ngethubhu. Le nqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ehoreni elilodwa kuya emahoreni amaningana .
- Ngemva kokunikezwa kwe-plasma, i-cannula iyasuswa bese indawo icindezelwa nge-gauze ehlanzekile kuze kube yilapho ukopha kuphela. Bese imbozwa ngebhandeji.
- Ngemva kokwelashwa, uzogcinwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha isikhashana ukuze kuhlolwe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukungezwani komzimba.
Ziyini izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa?
Kunezinzuzo eziningana kule ndlela yokwelapha.
| Inzuzo | Imininingwane eyengeziwe |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa ubukhali besifo | Uma lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, kungavimbela lesi sifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu futhi kungenzeki izinkinga. |
| Enye indlela yezifo ezintsha | Uma kuvela ubhubhane olusha, kuyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo enganikezwa iziguli kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugomela noma omunye umuthi. |
| Ukumelana nezinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane | Kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngama-antibodies angalwa nezinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane, ngoba umnikeli useluleme kulolo hlobo lwamuva. |
| Usizo kulabo abanesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esiphansi | Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu kulabo abanesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibuthakathaka noma abangakhiqizi ama-antibodies ngendlela efanele ngisho nangemva kokugonywa. |
| Kuphephile ngokuvamile | Ngenxa yokuthi inikezwa ngemva kokuhlolwa okufanele, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile enengozi ephansi kakhulu. |
Kusebenza kangakanani lokhu kwelashwa? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Ake sixoxe ngempumelelo.
Impumelelo yalokhu kwelashwa incike ezintweni eziningana, njengesifo eselashwayo kanye nesigaba sesifo isiguli eselashwa kuso.
Isibonelo, ezinye izifundo nge-COVID-19 zibonise ukuthi iziguli ezanikwa i-plasma yokululama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuqala kwezimpawu zazinengozi encishisiwe engu-30% kuya ku-50% yokulaliswa esibhedlela.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi akukho mehluko omkhulu ekufeni phakathi kwalabo abathole lokhu kwelashwa nalabo abangazange bakuthole. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba ukwelashwa kulezo zifundo kwanikezwa lapho lesi sifo sesivele sibi kakhulu futhi sekwephuze kakhulu ukusiza . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza lokhu kwelashwa kusenesikhathi .
Izingozi nemiphumela emibi
Okokuqala, iNational Blood Transfusion Service yaseSri Lanka inikeza igazi nezingxenye zegazi ngezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga azivamile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane kakhulu ezingase zenzeke.
- Umkhuhlane: Ukwenyuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Ukungezwani komzimba: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba kumaprotheni aku-plasma. Izimpawu ezinjengokulunywa kanye nokuqubuka komzimba zingase zibe khona.
- Ukutheleleka endaweni yokufakwa kwe-cannula: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, njengoba indawo ihlanzwe kahle ngamagciwane.
- Izifo ezithwalwa igazi:Abanye bangase bakhathazeke ngengozi yokuthola izifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis B kanye ne-C. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi igazi elinikelayo lihlolwa ngokucophelela kuzo zonke lezi zifo, le ngozi manje isiseduze no-zero .
Ingabe ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ngeke uzizwe ungcono kakhulu ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola i-plasma yokwelapha. Akuyona imilingo.
Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kwelashwa ukuvimbela isifo sakho ukuba singabe yingozi empilweni , okusho ukusiza ekukusindeni ezimweni ezimbi njengokufakwa e-ICU noma ukufakwa kumshini wokuphefumula.
Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungelashwa, kusazothatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwe nokutheleleka ngegciwane futhi ululame ngokuphelele kukho.
Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela?
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi ubhekene nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ngemva kokwelashwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma imiphumela emibi okufanele uyiqaphele, nokuthi kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Ekugcineni, kuyamangalisa ukuthi "ungaboleka" kanjani ingxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba somunye umuntu ukuze ulwe nesifo. I-plasma yokuguquka iyithuluzi eliwusizo kodokotela, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezintsha. Ingafundisa isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela ukuba siqaphele futhi silwe nomhlaseli esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili, ikunike ithuba elihle lokuzisindisa ekuguleni okukhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-plasma yokwelapha isifo iwukusetshenziswa kwama-antibodies egazini lomuntu oselulame esifweni ukwelapha esinye isiguli.
- Lokhu kunikeza umzimba "amasosha omzimba angasebenzi" kanye nosizo olusheshayo ekulweni nokutheleleka.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma kunikezwa ekuqaleni kwezimpawu. Kungase kungasebenzi kahle uma isifo sesiqhubekele phambili.
- Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu ngoba igazi labanikeli lihlolwa ngokucophelela. Izinkinga azivamile.
- Lokhu akuyona ikhambi elimangalisayo elizosilapha ngokushesha lesi sifo, kodwa kunalokho lisiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi futhi sibe yingozi empilweni.
- Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lukulungele yini wena noma umuntu oseduze nawe, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu njalo.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho