Izinso ziyisitho esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nohlelo lokuhlunga olukhulu emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi asiqapheli ukubaluleka kwazo kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi imilenze yakho ivuvukele, uhlala ukhathele, futhi awufuni ukudla? Mhlawumbe lezi yizimpawu ezivela ezinso zakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo sezinso ngamagama alula.
Siyini ngempela isifo sezinso?
Kalula nje, isifo sezinso siwukuba izinso zakho zingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko, okuwukuhlunga igazi. Lezi zinso zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomhlane wakho, ngaphezu nje kwesinqe sakho.
Uma izinso zonakele , azikwazi ukukhipha udoti kanye noketshezi oluningi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungaholela ezimpawini ezifana nokuvuvukala emilenzeni nasemaqakaleni , isicanucanu , ukukhathala , ukuqwasha , kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula . Uma lesi simo singelashwa kahle, umonakalo ungaqhubeka uba mubi futhi ekugcineni uholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso ngokuphelele. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila.
Iyiphi insizakalo enikezwa yizinso eziphilile?
Ake sibheke ezinye zezinto izinso ezinempilo ezizenzela imizimba yethu.
- Igcina ibhalansi yamanzi namaminerali afana ne-sodium, i-potassium, ne-phosphorus egazini.
- Ihlunga futhi isuse imfucuza eqongelela egazini ngemva kokugaya ukudla esikudlayo, ngemva kokusebenza kwemisipha, nangemva kwemithi esiyiphuzayo.
- Ikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-renin, esiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi.
- Ikhiqiza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin, eqondisa umzimba ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
- Ikhiqiza uhlobo olusebenzayo lwevithamini D, olubalulekile empilweni yamathambo.
- Cabanga nje, njalo ngemizuzu engama-30, lonke igazi emzimbeni wethu lihlungwa yilezi zinso.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sezinso?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo sezinso. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.
| Igama Lesifo | Kalula nje… |
|---|---|
| Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko. |
| Isifo Sezinso Esinama-Polycystic | Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo esibangela ukwakheka kwama-cyst agcwele uketshezi ezinso, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo. |
| I-Lupus Nephritis | Esifweni sokuzivikela komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-lupus, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela izinso. |
| I-Glomerulonephritis | Ukulimala kwezihlungi ezincane (i-glomeruli) ezinso. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngemva kokutheleleka komphimbo (ukutheleleka kwe-strep). |
| I-Pyelonephritis | Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo okuthinta izinso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka njalo, kungalimaza izinso. |
Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo sezinso?
Izimbangela zesifo sezinso zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwezinso okungazelelwe (Ukulimala Kwezinso Okukhulu)
Ngezinye izikhathi izinso ziyayeka ukusebenza ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungabangelwa yilokhu:
- Kwaba nengozi enkulu futhi kwaba nokopha okuningi.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu.
- Umzimba ushaqeka ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu (i-sepsis).
- Ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba komchamo ngenxa yamatshe omchamo noma ukwanda kwendlala ye-prostate emadodeni.
- Ukungenisa imithi ethile noma ubuthi.
- Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD)
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kungalungile isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, sikubiza ngokuthi i-CKD. Into eyingozi kakhulu lapha ukuthi azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.
Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-CKD eSri Lanka isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angalimaza izinso. Ngokufanayo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungalimaza imithambo yegazi ethambile enikeza igazi ezinso.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ikakhulukazi ama-NSAID afana ne-Ibuprofen ne-Diclofenac) ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isizathu nakho kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli ezinso.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo sezinso? - Izimpawu
Inselele enkulu lapha ukuthi isifo sezinso ngokuvamile asibonisi zimpawu kuze kube yilapho sesiqhubeke kakhulu. Ungase ungaboni lutho kuze kube yilapho sekuvele umonakalo ongaba ngu-50% ezinso zakho. Kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ukuzwa ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo kanye nobuthakathaka
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Izinkinga zokulala
- Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha nobuhlungu
- Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo
- Ubuhlungu besifuba (uma uketshezi luqoqana eduze kwenhliziyo)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (uma uketshezi luqoqana emaphashini)
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, ukuthi uthatha yiphi imithi, bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angayala lezi zivivinyo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubhekeni? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Umsebenzi wezinso (eGFR) ubalwa ngokubheka inani lemfucuza (njenge-creatinine) egazini. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komchamo | Umchamo uyahlolwa ukuthi awunayo yini iphrotheni (ikakhulukazi i-albumin). Izinso eziphilile azikhiphi iphrotheni. |
| Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound | Hlola usayizi nesimo sezinso nokuthi zikhona yini izithiyo ezifana namatshe omchamo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwezinso | Kuthathwa ingcezu encane kakhulu yezicubu ezinso bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo sezinso?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu sonke okudingeka siyiqonde lapha ukuthi isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) asinakwelashwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukwehlisa ijubane lokuqhubeka kwesifo nokulawula izimpawu.
1. Imithi
Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARB ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho. Lokhu kwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho futhi kuvikele izinso zakho ngokunciphisa inani lamaprotheni owalahlekelwa umchamo wakho. Futhi, uma unesifo sikashukela, kufanele uphuze imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe.
Imithi Okufanele Uyigweme: Uma unesifo sezinso, ungalokothi uthathe imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ikakhulukazi ama-NSAID – i-Ibuprofen, i-Naproxen, i-Diclofenac) ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Ungazithengi lezi ngisho nasekhemisi. Futhi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ngisho namavithamini.
2. Ukudla
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma izinso zonakele, kunzima ukususa izinto ezifana ne-sodium (usawoti), i-potassium (etholakala kubhanana, amawolintshi, njll.), kanye ne-phosphate (etholakala obisini, ushizi, namantongomane) egazini. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ukweluleka ukuthi udle ukudla okukhethekile okuphansi kulezi zinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola usizo kuchwepheshe wezokudla ngalokhu.
3. Ukuhlanza nge-Dialysis
Uma izinso zibuthakathaka kakhulu, okungukuthi, uma zehluleka, umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe yizinso, okungukuthi, ukuhlanza igazi, kufanele wenziwe ngosizo lomshini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-dialysis. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:
- I-Hemodialysis: Igazi lihlanzwa ngokulixhumanisa nomshini esibhedlela noma ekhaya.
- I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Uketshezi olukhethekile lufakwa ngepayipi elifakwa emgodini wesisu ukuze kususwe imfucuza egazini.
4. Ukufakelwa Kwezinso
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesifo sezinso esigabeni sokugcina ukufakelwa izinso. Inso evela kumuntu ophilile (ophilayo noma oshonile) ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo, i-dialysis ayisadingeki. Kodwa-ke, isiguli kuzodingeka sithathe imithi impilo yaso yonke ukuvimbela umzimba ukuthi ungalamukeli izinso ezintsha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) yisifo esivame ukuqhubeka buthule, ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu .
- Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi. Uma unalezi zimo, nakekela nezinso zakho.
- Uma kukhona ingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela njalo futhi uhlolwe umchamo wakho negazi.
- Ungasebenzisi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ama-NSAID) isikhathi eside ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sezinso, umgomo wokwelashwa akukhona ukuselapha, kodwa ukulawula lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Isifo Sezinso, I-CKD, Isifo Sikashukela, Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme, I-Dialysis, Ukufakelwa Kwezinso
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