Sonke siyazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu iyisikhungo esiyinhloko esipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Njengenjini yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, igazi elihlanzekile eligcwele umoya-mpilo elipompa yile nhliziyo kumele libe nomzila oyinhloko wokulisabalalisa emzimbeni wonke. Lowo mzila wegazi oyinhloko, omkhulu, futhi onamandla kakhulu yi-aorta, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, 'i-Aorta'. Namuhla sizokhuluma 'nge-Descending Aorta', okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale aorta.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Descendeng Aorta?
I-'Descending Aorta' yingxenye ende kakhulu ye-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wakho. Ukwehla kusho 'ukwehla'. Ngakho-ke, njengoba igama lisho, lena yingxenye ye-aorta eyehlayo. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye esifubeni sakho nasesiswini. Kufana nombhobho wamanzi oyinhloko ohlinzeka ngamanzi edolobheni. Lo mbhobho oyinhloko uhlukana ube amagatsha amancane ukuze unikeze igazi kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kunezingxenye ezimbili kulokhu... ziyini?
Ngisho noma wonke umthambo wegazi obizwa ngokuthi i-Descendeng Aorta uqhubeka, sikhuluma ngawo njengezingxenye ezimbili kuye ngokuthi ukuphi. Kufana nokuthi lapho umgwaqo ofanayo udlula emadolobheni amabili, ubizwa ngamagama ahlukene edolobheni ngalinye.
1. I-Aorta Yesifuba Eyehlayo: Uma i-Aorta Eyehlayo idlula esifubeni sakho (esifubeni), leyo ngxenye siyibiza ngokuthi 'I-Aorta Yesifuba Eyehlayo'. Igama elithi 'Thoracic' igama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa izinto ezihlobene nesifuba.
2. I-Aorta Yesisu Eyehlayo: Lo mthambo wegazi ushintsha igama lawo njengoba udlula ku-diaphragm, umsipha ohlukanisa isifuba sakho nesisu. Ingxenye engaphansi kwe-diaphragm, engaphakathi kwesisu sakho, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Aorta Yesisu Eyehlayo. Isuka phezulu kwesisu sakho iye cishe ezingeni lenkaba yakho.
Ungadidanisi lokhu nezinye izingxenye ze-aorta!
Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye ze-aorta zingaxakeka. Ake sichaze nalokho futhi.
- Ingabe i-Thoracic Aorta kanye ne-Descendeng Aorta ziyafana?
Cha. Lokhu akufani. I-'Thoracic Aorta' ibhekisela engxenyeni yonke ye-aorta edlula esifubeni. Ihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana:
- Impande ye-aorta: Ingxenye yempande exhunywe nenhliziyo.
- I-aorta ekhuphukayo: Ingxenye eqala enhliziyweni bese igoba iye phezulu.
- I-Aortic arch: Ingxenye egobile phezulu, njengesibambo senduku.
- I-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo: Lena yingxenye ye-Aorta yesifuba esikhuluma ngayo engaphakathi kwesifuba.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, ingxenye ye-Descendeng Aorta ingeye-Thoracic Aorta.
- Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Aorta Ekhuphukayo kanye ne-Aorta Ehlayo?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Cabanga nge-aorta njengophawu olukhulu lombuzo (?).
- I-ascensing aorta yingxenye ekhuphuka isuka enhliziyweni.
- I-aorta ehlayo yingxenye eyehlayo ngemva kwaleyo jika. Isuka esifubeni ize iyofika esiswini.
Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yi-Descendeng Aorta emizimbeni yethu?
Lena yindlela enkulu ehambisa igazi engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba wethu. Yingalokhu lapho imithambo yegazi emincane (amagatsha) ahlukana khona lapho izitho zethu eziningi ezibalulekile zithola khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba.
| Izinhlelo ezinkulu nezitho zomzimba ezithola igazi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla | Inikeza igazi ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezifana nomphimbo, isisu, amathumbu amancane namakhulu. |
| Izinso | Ihlinzeka ngegazi elidingekayo ezinso, ezihlunga imfucuza emzimbeni. |
| Uhlelo lokuphefumula kanye nezindonga zesifuba | Inikeza igazi emaphashini nasemisipheni yesifuba. |
| Uhlelo lokuzala | Ithwala igazi liye emaqanda kwabesifazane kanye namasende kwabesilisa. |
| Umgogodla (umgogodla) | Inikeza igazi emgogodleni, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu sezinzwa. |
| Imilenze | Leli payipi ligcina lihlukene kabili bese liba umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi liye emilenzeni. |
Ake sifunde nangobukhulu kanye nezendlalelo zalo mthambo wegazi.
Ubukhulu be-aorta bungahluka kancane kuye ngobudala, usayizi womzimba, kanye nobulili. Kumuntu omdala onempilo, isilinganiso
- Ububanzi be-thoracic descending aorta buvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-2.5 - 3 .
- Ububanzi be-aorta yesisu ehlayo buvame ukuba ngamasentimitha amabili .
Lo mthambo wegazi oqinile wakhiwe yizingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezicubu:
1. Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima): Igazi ligeleza kulolu ngqimba. Lisiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi nokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
2. Ingqimba ephakathi (Imidiya): Le ngqimba iqukethe imisipha emincane kanye nemicu enwebekayo esiza ukugcina igazi lihamba ohlangothini olulodwa. Le ngqimba ingaba buthaka ngokuguga.
3. Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Adventitia): Yilapho umthambo wegazi uthola khona amandla nesakhiwo sawo.
Yiziphi izimo ezithinta i-Descendeng Aorta?
Ngenxa yokuthi yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, ukulimala kwalo mthambo wegazi kungaba kubi kakhulu. Isimo esivame kakhulu yi -aortic aneurysm .
Kalula nje, i-aneurysm yindawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba iqhume njengebhaluni. Lokhu kuya ngokuya kuba kukhulu futhi kungaqhuma ngolunye usuku.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-aneurysms ezenzeka ku-aorta ehlayo:
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): Lokhu kwenzeka ku-aorta eyehlayo esifubeni. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukulimala esifubeni, kanye nezinye izifo zofuzo (isib. i-Marfan Syndrome) kungabangela lokhu.
- I-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-aneurysm. Luvela emgodini wesisu. Luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, ikakhulukazi amadoda abhemayo . Imbangela eyinhloko ukugcwala kwamafutha (atherosclerosis) emithanjeni yegazi.
- I-Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA): Lokhu kuyi-aneurysm esukela esifubeni iye esiswini.
Uma udokotela ethola i-aneurysm efana nale, uzoqhubeka nokuyiqapha ngokusebenzisa ama-scan. Uma ikhula ibe usayizi oyingozi, uzofuna ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.
Izinkinga ezimbili eziyingozi kakhulu:
1. Ukuqhuma kwe-Aneurysm: Ingxenye evuvukele ye-aneurysm iyaqhuma. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni ngisho nokufa ngokushesha.
2. Uhlobo B lwe-Aortic Dissection (ukudabuka kodonga):Ukudabuka kwengqimba engaphakathi yomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza ngokudabuka liye esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zodonga. Lokhu kungabangela nokuthi umthambo wegazi uqhume noma unqande ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni zomzimba.
Zombili lezi zimo ziyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo . Uma kukhona ngisho nokungabaza okuncane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimo?
Into eyesabekayo lapha ukuthi isikhathi esiningi, izimo ezifana ne-aneurysms azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Lokho kusho ukuthi ungaba nesimo esiyingozi esikhula emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela njalo ukuze ahlolwe.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zingase zivele lapho i-aneurysm isizoqhuma.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuthi i-aneurysm isizoqhuma | |
| Ubuhlungu besisu | Kuzwakala sengathi inhliziyo ishaya ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. |
| Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo | Ubuhlungu obungapheli emhlane, ezinqeni, emisipheni, emilenzeni, noma esiswini. |
| Ukugcwala kwesisu | Ukuzizwa usuthi kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Izimpawu ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo (Ukuqhuma kwe-Aneurysm / Ukuqhekeka) | |
| Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu | Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki esifubeni, emhlane ongenhla, noma esiswini obuzwakala sengathi ugwazwa noma udabukile ngommese. |
| Isiyezi kanye nokungabi nangqondo | Isiyezi , amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ukuquleka. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukujuluka okunamathelayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukungazweli ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. |
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu eziphuthumayo, ungachithi isikhathi bese ushayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha bese uya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela. Umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile.
Zitholakala kanjani lezi zifo?
Uma udokotela wakho ekusola lokhu ngemva kokukuhlola, uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okuningana kwezithombe ukuze akuqinisekise.
- Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound Yesisu
- Iskeni se-Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
- Ukuskena Kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- I-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
Lezi zivivinyo zingabona ngokucacile usayizi, ukuma, nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala noma ukudabuka komthambo wegazi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike kubukhulu be-aneurysm yakho, ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuqaphela: Uma i-aneurysm incane, udokotela angase ayiskene ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abone ukuthi iyakhula yini.
- Imithi: Imithi inikezwa ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol. Lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokukhula kwe-aneurysm.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma i-aneurysm inkulu ngendlela eyingozi, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye ebuthakathaka bese kufakwa umthambo wokwenziwa (i-graft).
- Ukulungiswa Kwe-Endovascular Aneurysm (EVAR): Lena inqubo engangenisi kakhulu. I-stent graft ifakwa ngokusikwa okuncane embotsheni bese inwetshwa phezu kwe-aneurysm. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze emthanjeni omusha, kunciphise ingcindezi odongeni oluvuvukele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Descendeng Aorta iyindlela enkulu ehambisa igazi engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba wethu.
- I-Aortic aneurysm yisimo lapho lo mthambo wegazi uba buthakathaka futhi uqhume njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungase kungabonakali zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Ukubhema kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalezi zimo.
- Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki esifubeni noma esiswini buyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema), ungagcina lonke uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa ne-aorta yakho, luphilile.
- Uma unezici eziyingozi (isib. umlando womndeni we-aneurysm, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema), khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
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