Ubuwazi ukuthi amathambo amathathu amancane emzimbeni wakho wonke angaphakathi kwendlebe yakho? Yebo, kuyamangalisa ngempela. Mancane kakhulu, awakhulu kunezinhlayiya ezimbalwa zerayisi. Kodwa la mathambo amancane enza umsebenzi omningi. Eqinisweni, la mathambo amathathu amancane asisiza ukuzwa imisindo yomhlaba osizungezile, sijabulele umculo, futhi siqaphele amazwi abantu esibathandayo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngala mathambo amancane amangalisayo (ama-ossicle).
Ziyini lezi zi-ossicle?
Kalula nje, kunamathambo amathathu amancane endlebeni yakho ephakathi esiwabiza ngokuthi ama-ossicles . Lawa yilawa:
1. I-Malleus - Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'isando'.
2. I-Incus - Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'impondo'.
3. Ama-Stapes - Lokhu kubizwa kanjalo ngoba kunesimo 'esifana nomugqa'.
Lokhu okuthathu kusebenza ndawonye njengeketanga. Yingakho lolu hlelo lubizwa nangokuthi i-Ossicular Chain . Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuthatha ukudlidliza komsindo okuza endlebeni yakho, ukukhulise, bese ukukuthumela e-cochlea endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi, okuyindawo eyinhloko lapho kutholakala khona umsindo. Lapho, lokhu kudlidliza kuguqulwa kube izimpawu zikagesi ubuchopho obungaziqonda.
Cabanga nje, ngaphandle kwala mathambo amathathu amancane endlebeni yakho, ukuzwa kwethu bekuyoncipha kakhulu, futhi singase sikulahlekele ngokuphelele. Yileyo ndlela laba bangane abathathu abancane ababaluleke ngayo ekuzweni kwethu.
Lusebenza kanjani ngempela lolu chungechunge lwamathambo?
Lokhu kufana nomjaho wokugijima ngokushintshana. Njengoba nje omunye umsubathi edlulisela induku komunye, la mathambo amathathu adluliselana ukudlidliza komsindo. Ake sibone ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani.
1. Isinyathelo 1: Amagagasi omsindo angena endlebeni yakho ashaye i-eardrum (i-tympanic membrane). I-eardrum iqala ukudlidliza, njengesikhumba sesigubhu sidlidliza uma usishaya.
2. Isinyathelo 2: I-malleus , noma ithambo 'lesando', elixhunywe ngqo ne-eardrum, lithola ukudlidliza. Lapho i-eardrum idlidliza, i-malleus nayo iyadlidliza ngendlela efanayo.
3. Isinyathelo Sesithathu: I-malleus idlulisela ukushaqeka ekutholayo kumngane wayo olandelayo, ithambo le-incus, noma 'le-anvil'.
4. Isinyathelo Sesine: I-incus ithatha lokho kushaqeka bese ikudlulisela emathanjeni, noma 'umugqa', okuyisixhumanisi sokugcina ku-chain.
5. Isinyathelo sokugcina: Ithambo le-stapes, elimunca ukushaqeka elikutholayo, licindezela efasiteleni eliyindilinga, eliyindawo efana nomnyango we-cochlea endlebeni.
Uma lokhu kudlidliza kungena ku-cochlea, amangqamuzana ezinwele eziwuketshezi nezinzwa lapho ayashukunyiswa futhi adale izimpawu zikagesi. Lezi zimpawu yilokho esikubona njengo "msindo" ebuchosheni. Phakathi nale nqubo, igagasi lomsindo liyakhuliswa njengoba lidlula kula mathambo amathathu. Yingakho sikwazi ukuzwa ngisho nemisindo ecashile kakhulu ngokucacile.
Ake sifunde okwengeziwe ngala mathambo amathathu amancane.
Ake sithathe la mathambo amathathu siwabheke ngokwehlukana.
I-Malleus (i-Malleus - isando)
Lena yi-ossicle yokuqala nenkulu kunazo zonke. Iqanjwe ngokuthi ibunjwe njengesando. Uhlangothi olulodwa lwayo lunamathele ku-eardrum. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-eardrum ihamba, lonke ithambo le-malleus liyahamba. Uhlangothi olulodwa lwayo lunamathele ku-incus bone.
I-Incus (Incus - Anvil)
Lesi yisixhumanisi esiphakathi salolu chungechunge. Sibunjwe njenge-anvil esetshenziswa umkhandi wensimbi. Ukudlidliza okuvela ku-malleus kushaya lokhu. Kufana nokushaya i-anvil ngesando. Olunye uhlangothi lwe-incus luxhunywe ku-malleus, kanti olunye uhlangothi luxhunywe ku-stapes.
Izitebhisi (Izitebhisi - umugqa)
Leli yiqhawe elincane kunazo zonke endabeni. Ama-stapes yithambo elincane kunazo zonke emzimbeni womuntu wonke. Angamamilimitha ambalwa ubude nobubanzi. Akhiwe njengomugqa wemilenze yehhashi uma ligibele. Lona umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuthatha ukudlidliza kusuka ku-incus bese kukudlulisela ngqo endlebeni yangaphakathi.
Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta la mathambo?
Uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwala mathambo amancane, ukudlidliza komsindo akufinyeleli kahle endlebeni yangaphakathi. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa yilokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokuphefumula . Ake sibheke ezinye zezinkinga ezithinta la mathambo ngezansi.
| Inkinga / isimo | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa | Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ezinye izingane zizalwe zingenalo elinye lala mathambo, lingakhuli kahle, noma lihlanganiswe ndawonye. |
| I-Otosclerosis | Ngokuvamile, ithambo le-stapes lihlangana nezicubu ezizungezile futhi alikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka, okuvimbela ukudlidliza ukuthi kungadluli. |
| I-Cholesteatoma | Kulesi simo, amangqamuzana esikhumba aqoqana ngaphakathi kwendlebe ephakathi njengeqhubu. Leli qhubu lingalimaza amathambo futhi liphazamise ukunyakaza kwawo. |
| Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwendlebe ephakathi | Ukutheleleka njalo endlebeni kungabangela ukwakheka koketshezi kanye nokuvuvukala endlebeni ephakathi, okuthiya ukunyakaza kwamathambo. Uma kungelashwa, kungavela umonakalo ongapheli. |
| Ukuhlukana kwe-Ossicular-chain | Ukulimala ekhanda kanye nokushaywa kungabangela ukuthi izixhumanisi ezikulolu chungechunge lwethambo zihlukane futhi zihlukane. Khona-ke ukudlidliza akuhambi. |
Ungayibona kanjani inkinga ngamathambo? (Izimpawu)
Uma amathambo endlebe yakho ethintekile, ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuzumayo: Imisindo ibonakala ikude, noma indlebe izwakala sengathi ivaliwe.
- Ukukhala ezindlebeni: Umsindo oqhubekayo ngaphakathi endlebeni.
- Ubuhlungu bendlebe: Umuzwa wobuhlungu ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
- Uketshezi olufana nobovu oluphuma endlebeni: Lokhu kungabonakala ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokutheleleka.
- Ukugcwala kwendlebe noma ukucindezela: Umuzwa sengathi indlebe igcwele umoya.
- Izinkinga zokulinganisela: Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinkinga zingathinta nesistimu ye-vestibular, okuyisistimu elawula ibhalansi endlebeni, okubangela isiyezi.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Kungcono ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese uthola iseluleko.
Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa oluzokwenziwa udokotela?
Uma ubona udokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole indlebe yakho. Uma kudingeka, bangakuthumela kwezinye zalezi zivivinyo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Lokhu kwenzani? |
|---|---|
| I-Otoscopy | Ingaphakathi lendlebe lihlolwa ngedivayisi ekhethekile ekhanyiswe ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izinkinga nge-eardrum kanye nendlebe ephakathi. |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa | Silinganisa ukuthi ungayizwa kangakanani imisindo nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-tympanometry | Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukubona ukuthi indlebe ephakathi igcwele uketshezi nokuthi i-eardrum ihamba kahle yini. |
| Ukuskena kwe-CT | Lokhu kusiza ukubona ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo, ukwaphuka, noma ukukhula okungavamile emathanjeni noma ezicutshini ezizungezile. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zimo?
Ukwelashwa kuncike enkingeni ethile onayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga bese ekubhalela ukwelashwa okukulungele. Lezi izindlela zokwelapha ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
- Ama-antibiotic: Uma inkinga ibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, lawa anikezwa ukuze ayelaphe.
- Izinsiza zokuzwa: Lawa madivayisi akusiza ukuthi uzwe imisindo engcono uma ukuzwa kwakho kuphazamiseka unomphela.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo wamathambo, kususwe ukukhula okungavamile, noma kufakwe amathambo okwenziwa.
Uzigcina kanjani lezi thambo eziyigugu ziphilile?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuvikela la mathambo amancane ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo zendlebe nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuzweni kwakho.
- Uma amanzi engena endlebeni yakho, yisule kahle bese uyigcina yomile.
- Uma uthola izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, zingabangela izifo zendlebe, ngakho thola ukwelashwa okufanele.
- Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela uma udlala imidlalo eyingozi ekhanda lakho.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu, uzwa ubuhlungu, noma ukhala ezindlebeni zakho, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha .
Izimo eziningi ezithinta la mathambo zingelashwa ngempumelelo uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kwephuza, kungabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ungashalazeli ngisho nenkinga encane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amathambo amathathu amancane kakhulu (ama-ossicle) emzimbeni wakho atholakala endlebeni ephakathi. Lawa yi-Malleus, i-Incus, kanye ne-Stapes.
- Lolu chungechunge lwamathambo lubalulekile ukuze sizwe imisindo. Luthwala ukudlidliza komsindo endlebeni.
- Ukutheleleka kwendlebe, ukulimala ekhanda, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha (njenge-otosclerosis) kungalimaza la mathambo.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ubuhlungu bendlebe, noma ukukhala ezindlebeni, ungakuzibi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kusenesikhathi kungaqeda izinkinga eziningi futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwezindlebe unomphela.
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