Wake wezwa udokotela ekhuluma ngenkinga yezinso emndenini wakho noma kothandekayo wakho? Uma sizwa into efana nokuthi, "Zombili izinso zihlulekile, futhi manje kufanele senze i-dialysis," sizizwa sinokwesaba okukhulu nokushaqeka. Kuyini ngempela i-dialysis? Ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyesabe ngempela? Ungaphila impilo evamile ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa? Cishe unemibuzo eminingi efana nale engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda kahle kakhulu.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-dialysis?
Kalula nje, i-dialysis iyindlela yokwelapha eyenza umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe yizinso zethu uma zingasebenzi kahle.
Ake sithi umzimba wethu uyifektri enkulu. Wonke amaseli kule fektri ayasebenza. Lo msebenzi ukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yemfucuza. Izinso zethu zifana nohlelo lokuhlunga oluhle kakhulu kule fektri. Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukuhlunga imikhiqizo yemfucuza engadingekile, ubuthi, namanzi angaphezulu egazini bese zikukhipha emzimbeni njengomchamo. Izinto ezifana nemfucuza ye-nitrogen (urea) kanye nemikhiqizo yemfucuza emisipheni (creatinine) zisuswa ngale ndlela.
Manje cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma lolu hlelo lokuhlunga luphuka noma luyeka ukusebenza? Yonke imfucuza ekhiqizwa kuleyo fektri izonqwabelana futhi lonke uhlelo luzophazamiseka, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela, lapho sinenkinga yezinso, ubuthi, imikhiqizo engcolile, kanye noketshezi olungadingekile kuqala ukunqwabelana egazini lethu. Lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu empilweni yethu.
Yilokho okwenziwa yi-dialysis. Okusho ukuthi, yenza umsebenzi wokuhlanza igazi izinso ezingenakukwazi ukuwenza, kungaba ngosizo lomshini noma ngenye indlela ekhethekile. Njengoba nje lapho isihlungi sethu samanzi ekhaya siphuka, siletha amabhodlela amanzi ahlanzekile esitolo, uma izinso zingasebenzi, sihlanza igazi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-dialysis.
Ubani odinga ukwelashwa nge-dialysis?
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sezinso odinga i-dialysis. Lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela kubantu abanesifo sezinso esisesigabeni sokugcina, noma isifo sezinso esisesigabeni sokugcina (ESKD).
Ngokuvamile kunezigaba ezinhlanu zesifo sezinso. Esigabeni sesihlanu, izinso zisebenza ngaphansi kuka-15% wezinga lazo elijwayelekile. Kulesi sigaba, umzimba awusakwazi ukususa ubuthi obuqongeleleka emzimbeni ngokwawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa kwezinso kuyadingeka ngempela ukuze usinde. Abanye abantu bathola ukwelashwa nge-dialysis phakathi kwalezi zigaba kuze kube yilapho bethola ukufakelwa kwezinso.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwezinso?
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawulwa isikhathi eside uyimbangela enkulu yokulimala kwezinso.
- Isifo sikashukela:Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngenxa yesifo sikashukela alimaza imithambo yegazi ethambile ezinso.
- Izifo ezifana ne-Lupus: Lezi yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona izitho zawo zomzimba.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Ngezinye izikhathi, ingozi engazelelwe noma ukutheleleka okukhulu kungabangela ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi, abanye abantu bangaba nesifo sezinso ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Ukuqala i-dialysis kuyisinqumo esibalulekile. Kodwa uma umuntu onenkinga yezinso engayenzi i-dialysis, angaba ne-uremia (ukunqwabelana kobuthi egazini) bese efa zingakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ebalulekile esindisa impilo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlanza igazi:
Uma sicabanga nge-dialysis, okuwukuphela kwento efika engqondweni inqubo yokuhlanza igazi ngokulixhuma emshinini omkhulu. Kodwa empeleni kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-dialysis. Ake siqonde umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
1. Ukuhlanza igazi
2. I -Peritoneal Dialysis
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ngalezi zindlela ezimbili ngemva kokucabangela izici ezifana nesimo sakho sempilo kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila.
| Isici | I-Hemodialysis | I-Dialysis ye-Peritoneal |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokwenza | Ngokuvamile kwenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlanza igazi. | Ungakwenza ngokwakho ekhaya. |
| Indlela | Umshini uthatha igazi emzimbeni, ulihlunge ngenso yokwenziwa (i-dialyzer), bese ubuyisela igazi elihlanzekile emzimbeni. | I-peritoneum, ulwelwesi olungaphakathi esiswini, isebenza njengesihlungi semvelo sokuhlanza igazi. |
| Isikhathi kanye nokuvama | Kuthatha cishe amahora amathathu kuya kwamane ngesikhathi, cishe izinsuku ezintathu ngesonto. | Kwenziwa nsuku zonke, izikhathi ezi-3-5 ngosuku (imizuzu engama-30-40 ngayinye) noma ebusuku ngesikhathi ulele usebenzisa umshini. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale, inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa (i-fistula) yokwandisa imithambo yegazi engalweni kumele yenziwe. | Kudingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe unomphela ipayipi elithambile (i-catheter) esiswini. |
Okunye okwengeziwe nge-hemodialysis
Lena indlela ye-dialysis esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Nakhu okwenzekayo:
1. Ukulungiselela: Ngenxa yokuthi umshini wokuhlanza igazi udinga ukupompa igazi ngokushesha, imithambo yethu evamile ayikwazi ukuyiphatha. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza ukuhlinzwa okuncane futhi axhumanise umthambo kanye nomthambo engalweni yakho ukuze akhe umthambo wegazi omkhulu noqinile (i-fistula). Yilokhu okusetshenziselwa ukuthatha nokubuyisela igazi ukuze lihlanzwe igazi.
2. Ukwelashwa: Uma uya esikhungweni se-dialysis, umhlengikazi ufaka izinaliti ezimbili emthanjeni wegazi owenziwe. Omunye wabo ukhipha igazi emzimbeni wakho alithumele emshinini we-dialysis. Njengoba lidlula esihlungini sokwenziwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-dialyzer ngaphakathi emshinini, imfucuza namanzi angaphezulu kuyasuswa egazini. Bese igazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngenye inaliti. Le nqubo ithatha cishe amahora amathathu kuya kwamane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungahlala esihlalweni wenze into efana nokufunda incwadi noma ubukele i-TV.
Imininingwane mayelana ne-Peritoneal Dialysis
Le ndlela ihlukile kancane. Ayisebenzisi umshini omkhulu. Kunalokho, isebenzisa into ethile emizimbeni yethu njengesihlungi.
1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwelashwa kuqale, udokotela ohlinzayo uzofaka ipayipi elithambile nelihlala njalo (i-catheter) esiswini sakho, ngaphezu nje kobuso besikhumba.
2. Ukwelashwa: Uketshezi olukhethekile lokuhlanza olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-dialysate' luthululelwa emgodini wesisu ngaleli payipi. I-membrane ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-peritoneum' emboza udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu inemithambo yegazi eminingi emincane. Uma lolo ketshezi lusesiswini, lusebenza njengemagnethi ukuheha imfucuza namanzi angaphezulu egazini. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, uketshezi oluqongeleleke kumfucuza lukhishwa futhi ngepayipi elifanayo bese lususwa. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi 'ukushintshana'.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu:
- I-CAPD (I-Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis):Kulesi simo, kuzodingeka ushintshe lolu ketshezi cishe izikhathi ezi-3-5 ngosuku. Uma isikhwama soketshezi silenga phezulu kunehlombe lakho, amandla adonsela phansi azokwenza ukuthi uketshezi lugeleze esiswini sakho. Lokhu kuzothatha cishe imizuzu engama-30-40.
- I-APD (I-Automated Peritoneal Dialysis): Lokhu kulula kubantu abaningi. Ngaphambi kokuba ulale ebusuku, uxhunywe emshinini omncane. Ngesikhathi ulele, umshini ushintshanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo uketshezi izikhathi eziningana phakathi nobusuku.
Impilo injani nge-dialysis? Ingabe kukhona ukukhathazeka?
Lena eminye yemibuzo emikhulu umuntu oqala ukuhlanza igazi abhekana nayo. Ake sibheke ngamunye ngamunye.
Ingabe i-dialysis iyalimaza?
- I-Hemodialysis: Kunomuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni. Ngemva kwalokho, abukho ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- I-Peritoneal dialysis: Akukho ubuhlungu kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba uketshezi lugcwalisa isisu, lungase luzwakale lugcwele futhi lusinda.
Ziyini izingozi zokwelashwa nge-dialysis?
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, i-dialysis inezingozi ezithile.
- Ku-hemodialysis: Kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka endaweni yokungena. Futhi, amahlule egazi angavimba imithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi umfutho wegazi nawo ungehla. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, imishini inezinhlelo zokuphepha. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-alamu izokhala bese umshini uyama, ngakho ngeke kube nomonakalo omkhulu.
- Ku-peritoneal dialysis: Ingozi enkulu yi-peritonitis. Lokhu kungenzeka uma amagciwane engena endaweni lapho kufakwe khona ipayipi. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngokuhlanzeka okukhulu. Futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisipha yesisu ingaba buthaka futhi kungenzeka ama-hernia.
Ingabe i-dialysis izophinde ithuthukise izinso zami?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. I-Dialysis ayilona ikhambi lesifo sezinso. Ithatha umsebenzi wezinso okwesikhashana kuphela. Isifo sezinso esisesigabeni sokugcina (ESKD) yisimo esingenakuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, i-dialysis iyadingeka impilo yakho yonke uze uthole ukufakelwa izinso.
Umuntu osebenzisa i-dialysis angaphila isikhathi esingakanani?
Ayikho impendulo eyodwa kulokhu. Kuhlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengobudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nesimo esiyisisekelo esibangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso. Kodwa kunabantu abaningi, abathi ngokwelashwa okufanele nangokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wabo, baphile iminyaka eminingi, ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
Ngingasebenza ngokujwayelekile nge-dialysis?
Vele ungakwazi.I-Dialysis ayisho ukuthi impilo yakho isiphelile. Iningi labantu liyaqhubeka nokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke, lenza imisebenzi yalo, futhi linakekela imindeni yalo. Ungahamba ngisho. Uma usebenzisa i-hemodialysis, ungakhuluma nesikhungo se-dialysis endaweni yakini bese wenza amalungiselelo okuthola ukwelashwa kwakho lapho. Uma usebenzisa i-peritoneal dialysis, kulula kakhulu ngoba ungathatha izikhwama zakho zamanzi nawe.
Qaphela lezi zimpawu: Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha
Uma uthola ukwelashwa nge-dialysis, yazisa udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuchama | Ukuyeka ukuchama okunciphile noma okuphelele. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi | Isiyezi, ukuquleka, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukoma okungavamile. |
| Izimpawu zokutheleleka | Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubomvu endaweni yokufaka ipayipi. |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu | Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenzisa i-peritoneal dialysis. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza okungachazeki. |
| Izimpawu ze-Hernia | Ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu elingavamile esiswini noma endaweni yengquza. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Dialysis iyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo yomuntu onenkinga yezinso. Ungesabi.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-dialysis (i-hemodialysis kanye ne-peritoneal dialysis). Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukhethe indlela efanelana kahle nendlela yakho yokuphila kanye nesimo sakho sempilo.
- Lokhu kungaba ukwelashwa kokuphila konke (kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ukufakelwa kwezinso), kodwa kungenzeka ukuphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngenkathi usebenzisa i-dialysis.
- Uma wenza i-peritoneal dialysis , qaphela kakhulu inhlanzeko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ezifweni.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo mayelana nokudla kwakho, uketshezi olusetshenziswayo, kanye nemithi.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.
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