Uma uya kudokotela, ngezinye izikhathi bakunikeza imithi ongayazi ngisho negama layo, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngemithi ehlobene nempilo yengqondo, singaba nelukuluku lokwazi, futhi mhlawumbe sesabe kancane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemithi eyodwa eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yimithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-Dopamine Antagonists. Ungesabi uma uzwa igama, masiqonde lokhu kalula.
Ziyini ngempela izitha ze-dopamine?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikuqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi iyini "i-Dopamine". Kalula nje, i-dopamine iyisithunywa samakhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-neurotransmitter. Cabanga ukuthi ulwazi lushintshaniswa phakathi kwamaseli ebuchosheni bethu ngalezi zithunywa.
Amaseli asebuchosheni bethu anezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-receptor.” Lawa afana nezihluthulelo ezingena embobeni yokhiye. Isithunywa esibizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine siyisihluthulelo esingena kulembobo yokhiye. Uma lesi sihluthulelo (i-dopamine) sihamba futhi sixhuma embobeni yokhiye (i-receptor), iseli okukhulunywa ngalo "liyavuleka."
Bheka manje, umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine antagonist wenza into exakile kakhulu. Lo muthi uya nakulowo khiye (i-receptor) bese uwubeka. Kodwa awusebenzi iseli. Kufana nokhiye ophukile obhajwe kukhiye. Okusho ukuthi, lo muthi uvimba ukhiye wangempela, okungukuthi, i-dopamine, ukuthi ungafiki futhi uxhumeke kukhiye.
Kalula nje, le mithi isebenza ngokulawula umsebenzi we-dopamine ebuchosheni kuze kufike ezingeni elidingekayo. Lokhu kulawula kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba amazinga e-dopamine ayanda ngokungadingekile kwezinye izifo zengqondo.
Lo muthi usetshenziselwa ziphi izimo?
Imithi yokuphikisana ne-Dopamine ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo: Lena yiyo esetshenziswa kakhulu.
2. Imithi yokulwa nokugabha: Eminye imithi iwela kuzo zombili lezi zigaba.
Ngezifo zengqondo (Ama-Antipsychotics)
Le mithi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni izimo ezilandelayo:
- I-Schizophrenia nezinye izifo zengqondo ezihlobene nayo
- Isifo se-Bipolar
- Isifo sokudangala
- Ukuhlanya
- Isifo sokucindezeleka esikhulu esinezimpawu zengqondo noma ezingenazo
- Ukukhathazeka okukhulu
- Izifo zengqondo ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
Ukuhlanza kanye nokucasuka (i-Antiemetics)
Nakuba ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu kuyinkinga encane kwabanye abantu, kwezinye izimo kungaba yingozi. Isibonelo, le mithi isiza ukulawula ukuhlanza ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ezigulini ezinomdlavuza. Iphinde isetshenziswe ukuvimba isicanucanu kanye nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-anesthesia ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Ezinye izibonelo ezivame ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| Ama-antipsychotics esizukulwane sokuqala (ajwayelekile) | I-Haloperidol, i-Chlorpromazine, i-Fluphenazine |
| Ama-antipsychotics esizukulwane sesibili (angavamile) | I-Olanzapine, i-Risperidone, i-Quetiapine, i-Aripiprazole, i-Clozapine |
| Imithi yokulwa nokugabha | I-Metoclopramide, i-Prochlorperazine, i-Domperidone (esetshenziswa eSri Lanka) |
Okubalulekile: Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ziyini izinzuzo zale mithi?
Le mithi ingasiza kakhulu abantu abaningi abahlushwa izifo zengqondo ukuba baphile impilo evamile. Ngaphandle kwayo, ezinye iziguli zingalaliswa esibhedlela impilo yazo yonke. Le mithi ingavikela iziguli ekulimaleni futhi izivumele ukuthi ziphile kahle emphakathini.
Futhi, ukuhlanza okukhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza kungaba yingozi empilweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, le mithi isebenza njengomsindisi wokuphila.
Masiqaphele nemiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi.
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-dopamine antagonists angabangela imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi owuthathayo, umthamo, kanye nesimo sakho somzimba. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi bese utshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukupholisa | Kuyinto abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo. Ingabangela ukukhathala nokozela. |
| Izinkinga ezihlobene nokunyakaza | Izinto ezifana nokungaphumuli (akathisia), ukudikiza noma ukudikiza kwemisipha okungazikhetheli (dystonia), kanye nokunyakaza kwemisipha okungapheli okungazikhetheli ebusweni noma emzimbeni (tardive dyskinesia). |
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi | Uma usukuma ngokuzumayo, amehlo akho angase abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka (i-Orthostatic hypotension). |
| Izinguquko zama-hormone | Ukwanda kwe-hormone i-prolactin kungabangela abesifazane ukuthi bayeke ukuya esikhathini futhi bakhiphe uketshezi olufana nobisi emabeleni abo. |
| I-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukuqina kwemisipha, nokudideka, kufanele uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. |
Ngingakwazi yini ukushayela ngenkathi ngithatha lo muthi?
Ama-dopamine antagonist amaningi angabangela ukozela kanye nokwehla kokuqaphela. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini edinga ukuqaphela lapho uqala lo muthi noma lapho ushintsha umthamo. Kuphephile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-dopamine antagonists ayiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu lemithi evimba ukusebenza kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine ebuchosheni futhi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zengqondo nokuhlanza.
- Lomuthi uvumela abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo evamile nenempilo.
- Njengayo yonke imithi, lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokunyakaza kanye nokozela.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ukwenza kanjalo kungaba yingozi.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokukhululekile. Imiphumela eminingi emibi ingalawulwa.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo.
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