Uma uvakashela udokotela, ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa imithi ongakaze uyizwe, akunjalo? Lokhu kungavusa ilukuluku noma ukukhathazeka okuncane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngemithi yempilo yengqondo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesigaba semithi esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esibalulekile: Abaphikisi be-Dopamine. Ungesabi igama; ake silihlukanise ngamagama alula.
Bayini ngempela abaphikisi be-Dopamine?
Ngaphambi kokuba singene shí, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi liyini igama elithi "dopamine". Kalula nje, i-dopamine iyisithunywa samakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho, esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-neurotransmitter . Cabanga ngayo njengohlelo olusetshenziswa amangqamuzana akho obuchopho ukuthumelana izimpawu.
Amangqamuzana akho obuchopho ane-"receptors" ethile esebenza njengezikhiye, kanti i-dopamine isebenza njengesihluthulelo esifanelana kahle nalezo zikhiye. Uma isihluthulelo (i-dopamine) singena kusikhiye (i-receptor), sibangela iseli ukuthi lisebenze.
Manje, nansi ingxenye ehlakaniphile: umphikisi we-dopamine usebenza njengesihluthulelo esiphukile. Ungena ekukhiyeni kodwa akasebenzisi iseli. Ngokuthatha leso sikhala, uvimbela ngempumelelo isihluthulelo sangempela—i-dopamine—ekunamatheleni, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele umphumela waso.
Ngamafuphi, le mithi isiza ekulawuleni umsebenzi we-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho ube sezingeni elinempilo. Ezimweni ezithile zempilo yengqondo lapho amazinga e-dopamine eba phezulu ngendlela engavamile, lo mphumela wokulawula ubalulekile.
Yiziphi izimo ezisetshenziswa yile mithi?
Imithi yokuphikisana ne-Dopamine ngokuvamile iwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ngayo.
2. Imithi yokwelapha ukugabha (yokucanuzela nokuhlanza): Eminye imithi isebenza ngazo zombili izinjongo.
Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo
Le mithi ibalulekile ekuphatheni izimo ezilandelayo:
- I-Schizophrenia kanye nezimo zengqondo ezihlobene nayo
- Isifo se-Bipolar
- Isifo sokudangala
- Ukuhlanya
- Isifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu (ezinezici zengqondo noma ezingenazo)
- Ukukhathazeka okukhulu
- Izimo zengqondo ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
Imithi Yokulwa Nokucasuka (Yokucasuka Nokuhlanza)
Nakuba abanye bengase babheke ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu njengezinkinga ezincane, kunezimo lapho kungaba yingozi khona. Isibonelo, le mithi ibalulekile ekuphatheni isicanucanu esinzima esihambisana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ezigulini ezinomdlavuza. Iphinde isetshenziswe ukuvimbela isicanucanu kanye nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-anesthesia ngemva kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa.
| Isigaba Sezidakamizwa | Izibonelo Ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Ama-antipsychotics esizukulwane sokuqala (ajwayelekile) | I-Haloperidol, i-Chlorpromazine, i-Fluphenazine |
| Ama-antipsychotics esizukulwane sesibili (angavamile) | I-Olanzapine, i-Risperidone, i-Quetiapine, i-Aripiprazole, i-Clozapine |
| Imithi Yokulwa Nokugabha | I-Metoclopramide, i-Prochlorperazine, i-Domperidone |
Okubalulekile: Lezi yizibonelo nje kuphela. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nguyena kuphela umuntu ofanelekela ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi ofanele wena.
Ziyini izinzuzo zale mithi?
Le mithi ishintsha impilo yabantu abaningi abaphatha izimo zempilo yengqondo, ibenza bakwazi ukuphila impilo eyanelisayo nezimele. Ngaphandle kwayo, ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela isikhathi eside. Le mithi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kweziguli nasekuzisizeni ukuthi zihlangane kahle nomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni ezifana nokwelashwa komdlavuza, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo nokunamandla kungaba yinkinga esongela ukuphila. Ezimweni ezinjalo, le mithi isebenza njengenetha lokuphepha elibalulekile.
Ukuqonda Imiphumela Engemihle Nezingozi
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-dopamine antagonist angaba nemiphumela emibi. Lokhu kuncike emithini ethile, umthamo, kanye nephrofayili yakho yezempilo. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, ungayiyeki imithi yakho wedwa; xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Umphumela Ongase Ube Khona | Incazelo Emfushane |
|---|---|
| Ukupholisa | Ukusabela okuvamile; ungase uzizwe ukhathele noma ulele ngendlela engavamile. |
| Izinkinga zokunyakaza | Kuhlanganisa ukungaphumuli kwangaphakathi (Akathisia), ukufinyela kwemisipha okungahleliwe (Dystonia), noma ukunyakaza kobuso/umzimba okuphindaphindayo isikhathi eside (Tardive dyskinesia). |
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi | Ukuzizwa unekhanda elibuthakathaka noma ubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi uma usukuma ngokuzumayo (i-Orthostatic hypotension). |
| Izinguquko zama-hormone | Ukwanda kwamazinga e-prolactin kungaholela emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile noma ekukhishweni kwegazi okungavamile emabeleni. |
| I-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Isimo esiphuthumayo esingavamile kodwa esisongela ukuphila. Uma ubhekene nomkhuhlane omkhulu, imisipha eqinile, noma ukudideka, funa usizo oluphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha. |
Ngingakwazi yini ukushayela ngenkathi ngithatha le mithi?
Izitha eziningi ze-dopamine zingabangela ukozela noma ukuphazamiseka kokugxilisa ingqondo. Kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini lapho uqala le mithi noma uma umthamo wakho ulungisiwe. Indlela ephephile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho bese ulandela isiqondiso sabo esiqondene nawe.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzithathe (eNirogi Lanka)
- Ama-dopamine antagonists ayimithi ebalulekile evimba imiphumela ye-dopamine ebuchosheni ukwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo kanye nesicanucanu esinzima.
- Le mithi isiza abantu abaningi ukuba balondoloze izinga lokuphila elijwayelekile nelinempilo.
- Njengayo yonke imithi, imiphumela emibi ingenzeka, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokudambisa ubuhlungu kanye nokunyakaza komzimba.
- Ungalokothi uyeke noma ulungise umthamo wakho ngaphandle kokuqashwa ngudokotela, ngoba lokhu kungaba yingozi.
- Uma ubona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile; imiphumela eminingi emibi ingalawulwa ngempumelelo.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho njalo nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo.
Abaphikisi be-Dopamine, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukuhlanza, Isicanucanu, I-Schizophrenia, i-antipsychotic, i-antiemetic, Imiphumela emibi yemithi, i-Nirogi Lanka
