Ingabe ungumama ozayo? Noma uhlela ukwengeza ilungu elisha emndenini wakho? Khona-ke lokho esikhuluma ngakho kuzoba kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukudla, iziphuzo, kanye nokuziphatha esikudlayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuthinta ngqo ingane. Ngakho-ke ubuwazi ukuthi iphutha elincane elenziwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukucabanga ukuthi 'ukuphuza kancane kulungile', kungashintsha impilo yonke yengane? Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibi kangaka, kodwa esingavinjelwa ngo-100%.
Iyini i-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS)?
Kalula nje, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yisimo sempilo esenzeka embungwini lapho umama ephuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Cabanga ngeqembu lezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo esifanayo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-syndrome'.
Lesi simo empeleni siyisiphetho esibi kakhulu sezimo eziningi. Sibiza lokho ngokuthi i- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) . Kufana ne-spectrum. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemiphumela emincane, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Leso siphetho esibi kakhulu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
Ingxenye edabukisayo ukuthi lesi yisimo esingelapheki impilo yonke . Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuyeka utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Khumbula, ngisho notshwala obuncane kakhulu obuphuzayo bungalimaza ingane yakho esakhula.
Yiziphi ezinye izimo eziwela ngaphansi kwesigaba esibanzi se-FASD?
Uma ingane ivezwa utshwala esibelethweni, kungathinta ukukhula komntwana ngezindlela ezahlukene. Eminye imiphumela mincane kakhulu, kanti eminye imbi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko eziwela ngaphansi kwesihloko esibanzi se-FASD.
| Igama Lesimo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS) | Laba bantu banezinye zezimpawu ze-FAS (isibonelo, izinguquko zobuso), kodwa abanazo zonke izimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze bathole i-FAS ephelele. |
| Isifo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezinzwa Esihlobene Notshwala (i-ARND) | Laba bantu banezinkinga ezifana nokuba nenkani, ukungakwazi ukunaka, ukungakwazi ukukhetha okulungile kokungalungile, kanye nokusebenza kabi esikoleni. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa Okuhlobene Notshwala (i-ARBD) | Lezi yizinkinga zokuzalwa ezingathinta izitho ezifana nenhliziyo, amehlo, amathambo, izindlebe nezinso. |
| Isifo Sokuziphatha Okuhlobene Nokuchayeka Etshwaleni Ngaphambi Kokubeletha (ND-PAE) | Lezi zingane zinobunzima bokwenza ngisho nemisebenzi elula yansuku zonke (njengokugeza). Azazi ukuthi kufanele ziziphathe kanjani emphakathini, zithukuthela ngokushesha, futhi inkumbulo yazo ayinhle kakhulu. |
Kungani utshwala buyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Noma yiluphi utshwala (iwayini, ubhiya, utshwala) oluphuzwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ludlulela ngqo egazini lomntwana ngentambo yesisu. Inkinga iwukuthi, umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukugaya utshwala njengomzimba womuntu omdala. Ngakho utshwala buhlala emzimbeni womntwana isikhathi eside . Lokhu kuphazamisa kakhulu ukukhula komntwana okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko utshwala obulimaza ngazo ingane:
- Ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana: Utshwala lungabhubhisa amangqamuzana ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba womntwana, okubangela ukukhula okungavamile.
- Ukuphazamisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa: Kuphazamisa indlela amangqamuzana ezinzwa akhula ngayo ebuchosheni, athuthele ezindaweni ezifanele ebuchosheni, futhi asebenze.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi: Utshwala bubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, okunciphisa inani legazi elifinyelela ku-placenta, enikeza umntwana ukudla nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umntwana antule umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba azidingayo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kobuthi: Imikhiqizo enobuthi ekhiqizwa yimizimba yethu lapho iphuza utshwala iya emangqamuzaneni obuchopho bomntwana bese iwalimaza.
Ukuphuza utshwala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungalimaza ingane. Akukho 'isikhathi esiphephile'. Izitho zomzimba ezifana nobuchopho bomntwana ziyaqhubeka nokukhula phakathi nokukhulelwa.
Ungaphuzi utshwala ngisho noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana!
Iningi labesifazane alitholi ukuthi likhulelwe kuze kube amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha. La masonto ambalwa okuqala ayisikhathi esibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokungazi phakathi nalesi sikhathi kungaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni. Ngakho-ke uma uhlela ukuba nomntwana, kungcono ukuyeka utshwala ngokuphelele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke.
Kudingeka utshwala obungakanani ukuze kubangele lesi simo?
Akukho mkhawulo kulokhu. Iwayini elincane, ubhiya, utshwala obuncane... kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuza luphi uhlobo lotshwala, kukhona ingozi. Ayikho into efana nenani eliphephile lotshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu nephephile ongayenza ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Akuzona zonke izingane ezine-FAS ezifanayo. Ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezimbalwa, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nazo cishe zonke. Lezi kungaba yizinselele zomzimba nezengqondo.
| Izimpawu ezivamile ze-FAS | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezingabonakala ekuzalweni nasebuntwaneni | |
| Izici zobuso ezingavamile | Ukweqa okuphakathi kwekhala nodebe oluphezulu kuba yisicaba, udebe oluphezulu luba mncane kakhulu, namehlo aba mancane. |
| Izinkinga zokukhula | Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, ubude obufushane, usayizi wekhanda elincane. |
| Ezinye izinkinga | Ubunzima bokulala nokuncelisa, ukubona noma ukuzwa kabi. |
| Izimpawu ezibonakala ebuntwaneni nangemuva kwalokho | |
| Izinkinga zokufunda nokuhlakanipha | Ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni kwenkulumo nolimi, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, i-IQ ephansi, kanye nokungakhumbuli kahle kwesikhashana. |
| Izinkinga zokuziphatha | Ubunzima bokunaka, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ubunzima bokuqonda okulungile nokungalungile kanye nembangela nomphumela. |
| Izinkinga zomphakathi | Ubunzima bokuqonda umehluko phakathi kweqiniso nephupho, ukusebenza kabi esikoleni, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi simo?
I-FAS ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile kwayo, futhi akubona bonke omama abatshela odokotela babo ngokunembile ukuthi baphuze utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma cha.
Udokotela wezingane ngokuvamile uxilonga lesi simo ngokucabangela izici eziningana:
- Umlando womama: Ulwazi lokuthi umama waphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Izici zomzimba: Izici ezithile ezingavamile ebusweni bengane (njengodebe olungaphezulu oluncane, amehlo amancane).
- Ukukhula: Ukulahlekelwa ubude nesisindo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa nangesikhathi sokukhula.
- Ukuziphatha nokufunda: Izinkinga zokulawula ukuziphatha kanye nemizwa (ukunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokulungile nokungalungile).
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingafana nezezinye izimo, njenge -autism spectrum disorder (ASD) noma i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) . Ngakho-ke, usizo lukadokotela onolwazi lubalulekile ukuze kutholakale lesi simo ngokunembile.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i-fetal alcohol syndrome ayinakwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlonza nokwelapha izimpawu kusenesikhathi kungasiza kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekusaseni kwengane.
Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:
- Imithi: Lawula ezinye izimpawu (isibonelo, izinkinga zokunaka kanye nokuziphatha).
- Ukwelapha ngokuziphatha kanye nemfundo: Usizo ngezinkinga zokufunda zengane kanye nezemizwa.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali: Abazali bafundiswa indlela engcono kakhulu yokusiza ingane yabo. Abazali bafundiswa ukumisa imikhuba nemithetho ezosiza ingane yabo ukuba ivumelane nezimo ezahlukene.
Ukuba nesimo sasekhaya esinothando, esizinzile, nesisekelayo kusiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zengqondo nezemizwa zesikhathi esizayo zengane ene-FAS.
Ingabe lesi simo sithinta nabantu abadala?
Yebo. Lesi simo asipheli. Umuntu ozelwe naso kufanele aphile nezimpawu zaso impilo yakhe yonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma singelashwa kahle ebuntwaneni, imiphumela elandelayo ingavela.
Lezi akuzona izimpawu ezibangelwa yi-FAS uqobo. Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-FAS kungaholela ezinkingeni ezengeziwe kamuva empilweni.
- Ukuvela kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
- Ukuba nezinkinga esikoleni noma emthethweni.
- Ukuchitha isikhathi ezikhungweni zempilo yengqondo, ezikhungweni zokulungisa izidakamizwa, noma emajele.
- Kunzima ukuhlala wedwa.
- Ubunzima bokuthola noma ukugcina umsebenzi.
Singasivimbela kanjani lesi simo esibi kangaka?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sihloko. Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa okungavinjelwa kanye nokukhubazeka kokukhula.
I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokungaphuzi utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Uma usuvele uphuze utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ungesabi. Yeka manje. Akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuyeka. Njengoba ubuchopho bomntwana bukhula phakathi nokukhulelwa, unganciphisa umonakalo enganeni kusukela ngesikhathi uyeka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinhlelo ezidingekayo zekusasa lomntwana wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) ibangelwa umama ophuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Akukho 'isilinganiso esiphephile' noma 'isikhathi esiphephile' sokuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngisho nenani elincane lotshwala lingaba yingozi.
- Lesi yisimo esingelapheki sokuphila konke.
- Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuyeka utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi uzama ukukhulelwa.
- Uma ubuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, yeka ngokushesha bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukuthola usizo kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela engaba khona enganeni yakho.
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