Wake wabheka amazinyo akho, noma amazinyo engane yakho, wabona amabala amancane amhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ansundu? Abanye abantu bazwa ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni abo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba. Esinye sezizathu zalezi zinto ukuthi sineminerali eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-fluoride emizimbeni yethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-fluorosis . Ungesabi, ungacabangi ukuthi lesi yisifo esibi uma usizwa. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-Fluorosis?

Kalula nje, i-fluorosis yisimo esibangelwa i-fluoride eningi emzimbeni. I-Fluoride iyiminerali etholakala ngokwemvelo enhlabathini nasemanzini. Ukuze kube sobala, ngamanani amancane, iyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo. Yingakho kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula ukuthi amanye ama-toothpaste aqukethe i-fluoride. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yini, eningi kakhulu ingaba yingozi empilweni yakho. Njengoba isisho sithi, "ubuningi bento ayilungile." Ngisho namanzi esiwaphuzayo aqukethe i-fluoride ethile. Kuye ngokuthi uhlalaphi, inani le-fluoride emanzini owasebenzisayo lingase libe ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu. Izinhlangano ezifana noMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu wase-US zithi izinga elifanele le-fluoride emanzini ethu okuphuza licishe libe ngu-0.7 milligrams (mg/L). Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba kusiza ekunciphiseni ukubola kwamazinyo, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi engabangeli ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-fluorosis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-fluorosis. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

Kuyini i-Dental Fluorosis?

Lolu uhlobo esilubonayo nesikhuluma ngalo kakhulu. Luthinta amazinyo akho. Lesi simo senzeka uma udla i-fluoride eningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala yokuphila, lapho amazinyo akho eqala ukwakheka. I-Dental Fluorosis ingahluka kusukela kwencane kuya kwenzima kakhulu. Kodwa akuyona inkinga ebuhlungu. Ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengenkinga yobuhle, okusho ukuthi ithinta ukubukeka kwamazinyo akho. Ngokuvamile ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni noma empilweni yamazinyo akho.

Ake sifunde nge-Skeletal Fluorosis

Lolu uhlobo okudingeka uluqaphele kancane. Luthinta amathambo akho namalunga. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho iyonke. Isibonelo , i-osteoporosis ( isimo lapho amathambo eba buthakathaka futhi ephuka kalula), i-arthritis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga), kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga besikhathi eside kungenzeka. Lesi simo senzeka lapho kudliwa i-fluoride eningi kakhulu iminyaka eminingi.

Kuyini i-Non-skeletal Fluorosis?

Empeleni lesi yisigaba sokuqala se-skeletal fluorosis. Sithinta kakhulu uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla (umgudu wokugaya ukudla) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, ukuqunjelwa, uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.

Ivame kangakanani i-fluorosis?

I-Dental Fluorosis yisimo esivamile esibonakala emhlabeni wonke. Kuthiwa cishe abantu abangu-23% ezweni elifana neMelika banalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, i-Skeletal Fluorosis ayivamile emazweni afana neMelika. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu (isakazeke kakhulu) kwezinye izingxenye zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Ikakhulukazi eNdiya naseShayina, kubikwa iziguli eziningi. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu emhlabeni abanalesi sifo se-skeletal fluorosis. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abangu-94 kwabangu-445 ababesendaweni enezinga eliphezulu le-fluoride babenalesi simo. Manje, bheka, ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseMelika, izinga le-fluoride emanzini lingaphansi kwama-milligram angu-0.7 ngelitha (mg/L) okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Yingakho iziphathimandla eziningi zasendaweni lapho zengeza i-fluoride emanzini okuphuza. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, isibonelo, izingxenye zase-Asia nase-Afrika, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba emvelo aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-fluoride. ENdiya, izinga elijwayelekile le-fluoride emanzini okuphuza kuthiwa licishe libe ngama-milligram angu-2.37 ngelitha (mg/L). Kwezinye izindawo, amazinga aphezulu afinyelela ku-9.22 milligrams ngelitha (mg/L) abikiwe. Ngakho-ke, abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinjalo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-fluorosis. ESri Lanka, kunezindawo ezithile, ikakhulukazi endaweni eyomile, lapho amazinga e-fluoride emanzini kudingeka acatshangelwe khona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela imithombo yamanzi endaweni yakini.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-fluorosis?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-fluorosis onayo. Ngokuvamile, uma ubhekene ne-fluoride eningi, izimpawu zakho zingaba zimbi kakhulu.

Izimpawu ze-Dental Fluorosis

Uphawu olulodwa kuphela lwe-dental fluorosis ukushintsha kombala wamazinyo. Lokhu kushintsha kombala kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani. Odokotela bamazinyo basebenzisa la magama alandelayo ukuze bahlukanise:

• Okungabazekayo: Amabala amhlophe akhanyayo kakhulu kanye namabala amhlophe ambalwa.
• Okuncane kakhulu: Amabala amhlophe akhanyayo amboze ngaphansi kwama-25% obuso bezinyo.
• Okuncane: Amabala amhlophe akhanyayo ngaphansi kwama-50% obuso bezinyo.
• Okumaphakathi: Amabala amhlophe noma ansundu okukhanyayo ngaphezu kwama-50% obuso bezinyo.
• Okubi kakhulu:Amabala amhlophe, ansundu okhanyayo, noma ansundu omnyama kuyo yonke indawo yamazinyo akho. Amazinyo akho angase abe nezimbobo ezincane noma i-enamel ingase ibonakale igugile.

Izimpawu ze-Fluorosis ye-Skeletal kanye ne-Non-skeletal

Izimpawu zokuqala ezihlobene ne-non-skeletal fluorosis zingafaka:

• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Uhudo
• Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamalunga
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• Ukulahlekelwa yimisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu futhi izimpawu ze-skeletal fluorosis ziqala ukuvela, ungase ubhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphuka kwamathambo
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo nomgogodla
• Ukukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo - okungukuthi, ukukhubazeka okuncane ezintweni ezifana nenkumbulo nokunaka
• I-Myelopathy - ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukucindezelwa komgogodla
• I-Osteosclerosis - ukuqina okungajwayelekile kwamathambo
• I-Radiculopathy - ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukucindezelwa komthambo emgogodleni
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Izinkinga zokulala

Ziyini izimbangela ze-fluorosis?

I-Fluorosis ibangelwa ukugwinya i-fluoride eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ugwinya i-fluoride eningi kakhulu isikhathi eside. Indlela okwenzeka ngayo lokhu iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-fluorosis. I-Dental Fluorosis yenzeka lapho amazinyo engane ahlala njalo esakhula ngaphansi kwezinsini, lapho i-fluoride eningi kakhulu igwinywa njalo. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuphuza amanzi noma imikhiqizo yobisi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluoride, noma ngokugwinya inani elikhulu lamazinyo e-fluoride. I-Skeletal and Non-Skeletal Fluorosis yenzeka lapho umuntu wanoma yimuphi ubudala egwinya i-fluoride eningi kakhulu isikhathi seminyaka eminingana. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ane-fluoride, noma ngokuqhubeka nokuphuza iziphuzo ezifana netiye nekhofi ezenziwe ngamanzi amaningi ane-fluoride.

Izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-fluorosis

Isici esiyingozi yinto eyandisa amathuba okuba nesimo esithile. Lokhu okulandelayo yizinto eziyingozi ze-fluorosis:

• Ukuhlala endaweni enamazinga aphezulu e-fluoride emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
• Okuqukethwe kwe-fluoride emanzini okuphuza kuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwama-milligram angu-0.7 ngelitha (mg/L).
• Ukugwinya inani elikhulu lomuthi wokuxubha one-fluoride njalo. (Ukugwinya inani elincane kakhulu kulungile. Kodwa-ke, ukugwinya inani elikhulu isikhathi eside kungabangela i-fluorosis.)
• Ukunikeza ifomula yezingane equkethe i-fluoride ixutshwe namanzi aqukethe i-fluoride isikhathi eside. (Uma usebenzisa ifomula equkethe i-fluoride, yenze ngamanzi angenayo i-fluoride. Uma usebenzisa amanzi aqukethe i-fluoride, funa ifomula yezingane engenayo i-fluoride.)

Eminye imikhiqizo yasekhaya, njengezinto zokuvala, izinto zokugcoba, kanye nezinto zokuhlanza uthuli lomoya, iqukethe ama-fluorocarbon. Abantu abaphefumula la makhemikhali basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-skeletal fluorosis kanye ne-non-skeletal fluorosis. Ukudakwa yila makhemikhali kungabangela ukuquleka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha, ngisho nokufa ngokuzumayo.

Uma uluthekile kulezi zinto futhi udinga usizo lokululama, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko noma ukwelulekwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

I-Fluorosis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wamazinyo angaxilonga i-dental fluorosis ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, angase futhi athathe ama-X-ray amazinyo akho ukuze anqume ezinye izimo. I-Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyixilonga ngoba izimpawu zayo zifana nezezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke odokotela bavame ukwenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuhlola amathambo akho. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ama-X-ray , ama-CT scan (ama-Computed Tomography scans) , kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo (i-DXA) .
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga le-fluoride ku-serum yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola izinga le-fluoride emchameni wakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-fluorosis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-fluorosis kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-fluorosis onayo. I-fluorosis yamazinyo ingalungiswa ngodokotela bamazinyo abahle. Ukwelashwa kwe-skeletal fluorosis kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuncike ezintweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bezimpawu kanye nezingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Dental Fluorosis

Uma une-dental fluorosis, udokotela wamazinyo wakho angase ancome enye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha izimonyo:

• Ukucwebezela amazinyo: Udokotela wakho wamazinyo uzofaka ijeli yokucwebezela emazinyweni akho isikhathi esithile . Le jeli izokhanyisa i-enamel yamazinyo akho, iyenze ivumelane namabala e-fluorosis. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezincane ze-fluorosis.
• Ukubopha amazinyo: Kule ndlela, udokotela wamazinyo usebenzisa i-resin ehlanganisiwe enombala wezinyo ukumboza amabala e-fluorosis. Amazinyo abe esebunjwa futhi apholishwe kahle.
• Ama-veneer amazinyo: Lawa amagobolondo amancane enziwe nge-resin noma i-porcelain amboza ubuso bangaphambili bamazinyo akho. Njengoba ama-veneer enzelwe umuntu ngamunye, izithombe zamazinyo ziyathathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zilingana nezidingo zakho.
• Imiqhele yamazinyo: Lezi futhi ziyizigqoko zamazinyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Zimboza lonke izinyo lakho. Ukuze umqhele ulingane kahle, inani elincane le-enamel yamazinyo akho yemvelo kumele lisuswe.
• I-enamel microabrasion: Kule nqubo, udokotela wamazinyo ususa ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwe-enamel yamazinyo akho. Lokhu kungasusa amabala amaningi e-fluorosis. Ngokuvamile, odokotela bazokwenza futhi ukucwebezela kwamazinyo ngemva kwe-enamel microabrasion ukuze balinganise umbala wamazinyo akho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Fluorosis ye-Skeletal kanye ne-Non-skeletal

Umgomo oyinhloko ukususa umthombo wenkinga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukususa i-fluoride emanzini akho okuphuza. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne -reverse osmosis , i-distillation , noma izihlungi ze-carbon ezisebenzayo ukuhlunga amanzi akho. (Amanzi abilayo ngeke akwenze lokhu. Nakuba ukubilisa kususa ukungcola emanzini, i-fluoride akuyona into engahlukaniswa ukushisa, futhi inamandla kakhulu.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangase batuse ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ama-steroid e-Anabolic:Le mithi inganciphisa izimpawu ze-osteoporosis.
• I-Calcium ne-Vitamin D: Lokhu kokubili kunganciphisa ukuminyana kwamathambo uma kuthathwa ndawonye. Kungathinta nendlela omunca ngayo i-fluoride emathunjini akho.
• Ama-NSAID (izidakamizwa ezingezona eze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala): Le mithi isiza ukulawula ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-skeletal fluorosis.

Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa luhambisane nezidingo zakho.

Ingabe i-Fluorosis ingavinjelwa?

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela i-fluorosis ukulawula inani le-fluoride oyidlayo. Nazi amathiphu ambalwa:

• Buza ebhodini lamanzi lendawo noma enhlanganweni efanele mayelana nemithetho nemigomo ephathelene nokufaka i-fluoride emanzini endaweni yakini.
• Hlola amazinga e-fluoride emanzini akho emithombo noma amanzi kamasipala.
• Thola okwengeziwe mayelana nokugcwala kwe-fluoride endaweni yakini.

Ukuze unciphise ingozi yengane yakho yokuthola i-fluorosis, qaphela inani le-fluoride evezwa kuyo. Kufanele ugweme ukunika ingane yakho i-fluoride eningi kakhulu, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ithola inani elifanele ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamazinyo. Lokhu kulinganisela kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yengane yakho.

Yini ongayilindela uma uphila ne-fluorosis?

Umphumela we-Dental Fluorosis uvame ukuba muhle, njengoba ungesona isimo esiyingozi. Ungalungiswa ngokwelashwa kwamazinyo. Umphumela we-Skeletal Fluorosis uncike ekutheni usheshe kangakanani ukuwubona. Uma uyeka ngokushesha ukuthatha i-fluoride, kulapho amathuba okululama khona isikhathi eside eba ngcono.

I-fluorosis ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokuvamile, i-fluorosis akuyona inkinga engaphindwa. Okusho ukuthi, uma isivele yenzeka, ayipheli. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa izimpawu ze-skeletal fluorosis ngezinga elithile. Kodwa kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani ekuqaleni.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-fluorosis, noma uma uhlala endaweni lapho ivame khona, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukwaziswa. Yazi kahle ukuthi ingakanani i-fluoride emanzini owaphuzayo. Uma usuwazi lawo mazinga, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-dental fluorosis, bona udokotela wamazinyo ukuze uxoxe ngezinketho zokwelapha. Futhi, uma uvele ube nezimpawu ze-skeletal fluorosis, njengesicanucanu, ubuhlungu bamalunga, noma ukuphuka kwamathambo njalo, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho. Angenza izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela.

Ngobuningi obuncane, i-fluoride iqinisa amazinyo ethu futhi iwavikele ekuboleni. Kodwa okuningi kakhulu kungaba yingozi. Ulwazi lunamandla. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-fluorosis ukuqaphela. Hlola umthombo wamanzi akho. Thola ngemithetho endaweni yakini mayelana nokufaka i-fluoride emanzini. Uma unemibuzo ethile mayelana nokuthi i-fluoride iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Fluorosis yisimo esibangelwa yi-fluoride eningi emzimbeni.
• Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-Dental Fluorosis (ethinta amazinyo) kanye ne-Skeletal Fluorosis (ethinta amathambo namalunga).
• I-Dental Fluorosis ibangela amabala amhlophe/ansundu emazinyweni, kodwa ayibuhlungu. Ingalungiswa ngokwelashwa ngezimonyo.
• I-Skeletal Fluorosis inzima kakhulu futhi ingabangela ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela inani le-fluoride emanzini owaphuzayo.
• Qaphela ukuthi ungagwinyi umuthi wokuxubha one-fluoride ngesikhathi izingane zakho zikhipha amazinyo.
• Uma unezimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Khumbula, i-fluoride yinto esiyidingayo ngokulinganisela. Inkinga ukuthola okuningi kakhulu kuyo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuqaphela lokhu futhi sivikele impilo yethu neyezingane zethu. I-Fluorosis, i-Fluoride, Amabala Amazinyo, Isifo Samathambo, Amanzi Okuphuza, Impilo Yamazinyo, Amaminerali