Ingabe uvame ukuba nezinkinga zama-sinus? Ingabe kuyinto evamile ukuba nekhala elivalekile, elivalekile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nezihlathi ezibuhlungu kanye nebunzi? Abaningi bethu bakubiza ngokuthi "i-sinusitis." Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yale nkinga yama-sinus akuyona igciwane elivamile (amagciwane), kodwa i-fungus (i-fungus). Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Fungal Sinusitis, noma i-Fungal Rhinosinusitis kwezokwelapha. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Fungal Sinusitis?
Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi ayini ama-sinuses. Ama-sinuses ayizimbobo zomoya ezingenalutho ngaphakathi kwamathambo obuso bakho, azungeze ikhala lakho. Lawa axhumene nekhala lakho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimbobo zigcwele umoya.
Ake ucabange nje, uma isikhunta - uhlobo lwesikhunta - singena kulezi zimbobo ze-sinus futhi sibangele ukutheleleka, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Fungal Sinusitis . Njengoba nje isikhunta sikhula esiqenjini sesinkwa, isikhunta singakhula ngaphakathi kwezimbobo ze-sinus zethu. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuminyana kwamakhala nobuhlungu be-sinus.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Fungal Sinusitis:
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lokhu ngokunembile, ngoba nakuba uhlobo olulodwa luvame ukungabi yingozi, olunye uhlobo lungasongela ukuphila.
1. Uhlobo olungahlaseli: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lapha, isikhunta sivalelwe ekhaleni nasemathunjini e-sinus. Kufana nesikhunta esikhula odongeni endlini, kodwa asiphuli odongeni sisakazeke endlini. Lolu hlobo alunangozi kangako.
2. Uhlobo oluhlaselayo: Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Lapha, isikhunta sibhubhisa izindonga zemifantu ye-sinus bese siqala ukusabalala ezicutshini ezizungezile, emehlweni, ngisho nasebuchosheni. Njengaleyo sikhunta esakhula odongeni, sadla udonga futhi sasakazeka endlini yonke. Lokhu kungaba yingozi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.
Manje ake sibheke ukwahlukaniswa ngaphansi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Izinhlobo ezingahlaseli
- I-Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho uba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba ku-fungus engena ekhaleni lakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izikhala ze-sinus zigcwale umucu ojiyile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukuthi kwakheke izinto ezifana nama-polyp ekhaleni. Abantu abane-asthma noma ukungezwani nezinto ezifana nezibungu zothuli (i-allergic rhinitis) banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo.
- Ibhola Lesikhunta (i-Mycetoma): Yilapho isikhunta sakha khona inqwaba efana nebhola ngaphakathi komgodi we-sinus. Njengoba leli bhola lesikhunta likhula, lingavimba umgodi we-sinus, libangele ingcindezi nobuhlungu.
- I-Saprophytic Fungal Sinusitis:Yilapho isikhunta sikhula khona olwelwesini olomile lwama-mucous (izingqweqwe) ngaphakathi kwekhala. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubangeli umonakalo omkhulu.
Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo - lezi yizo eziyingozi!
- I-Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo nesinzima kakhulu. Lapha, isikhunta sibhubhisa imithambo yegazi engaphakathi kwekhala. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu ziqala ukufa. Lokhu kutheleleka kungasakazeka ngokushesha emehlweni nasebuchosheni, kubangele ubumpumputhe ngisho nokufa. Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza) basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
- I-Sinusitis Engapheli Ehlasela Isikhunta: Lokhu kufana nohlobo lwe-Acute okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, kodwa izinga lokusabalala lihamba kancane. Lisakazeka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lolu hlobo.
- I-Granulomatous Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (GIFS): Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha omzimba asabela ngokuqinile ku-fungus, abhubhise izicubu zekhala. Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lezi zifo ze-fungal sinus?
Ngokuvamile, abantu abaphilile abavamile ukuba nalezi zifo ezibangelwa yisikhunta, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo eziyingozi ezihlaselayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu kakhulu. Isibonelo:
- Kulabo abangenwe yi-HIV
- Iziguli ezinomdlavuza (ikakhulukazi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma) kanye nalabo abelashwa ngamakhemikhali
- Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kakhulu
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi efana nemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kanye nama-steroid isikhathi eside (isib. iziguli ezifakelwe izitho zomzimba)
Uma ukuleli qembu eliyingozi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngezimpawu ze-sinus. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu, noma ngabe unezimpawu ezincane.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Fungal Sinusitis?
Izimpawu zifana kakhulu nezenkinga evamile yama-sinus. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezengeziwe zingavela kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka nokuthi lunolaka noma cha. Ake sibheke lezi kuthebula.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Izici ezingahlaseli |
|
| !!! Izimpawu eziyingozi (ezihlaselayo) okufanele uziqaphele!!! | |
| Izimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu nokuhlaselayo (funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha!) |
|
Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?
Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, noma yiziphi ezinye izifo onazo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, angase enze izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
- I-Endoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane elinekhamera ekhaleni ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lemigoqo ye-sinus. Lokhu kuvumela isimo esingaphakathi kwe-sinus ukuthi sibonakale kusikrini.
- I-Biopsy: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopy, udokotela angathatha isampula encane ye-mucus noma izicubu ngaphakathi kwekhala noma emgodini we-sinus bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangelwa amagciwane, igciwane, noma isikhunta. Kungaphinde kunqume ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyahlasela yini.
- I-CT Scan: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okufana ne-X-ray. Kungakhiqiza izithombe ezinezici ezintathu zangaphakathi kwemigodi yama-sinus. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni ngokucacile ukuthi ukutheleleka sekusakazeke kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amabhola e-fungus.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni lwe-fungal sinusitis onayo kanye nesimo sesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwama-Sinus:Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuze kwelashwe lokhu. Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa zonke izicubu ezithelelekile, amabhola esikhunta, kanye ne-mucus ewugqinsi, nokuhlanza kahle imigodi yama-sinus. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlaselayo, kungadingeka ngisho nokususa izicubu ezizungezile lapho isikhunta sisakazeke khona.
- Ama-Antifungal: Kweminye imihlobo yezifo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezihlaselayo, imithi yokukhunta (yomlomo noma ejovwayo) inikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Ama-steroid (izifutho zamakhala noma amaphilisi) anganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye nengcindezi emihumeni yama-sinus. Lawa avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-Allergic Fungal Sinusitis.
- Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhala: Ezimweni ezilula, njengohlobo lwe-saprophytic, i-mucus eyomile ngaphakathi kwekhala iyasuswa bese imigodi yama-sinus ihlanzwa ngesisombululo se-saline.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukutheleleka kwe-fungal sinus okungenayo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Izinhlobo ezingahlaseli: Lezi zivame ukuphela ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo (ikakhulukazi i-Allergic Fungal Sinusitis) zingase zibuye ngemva kokwelashwa.
Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo: Lezi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ezifweni ezinzima njenge-Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis, ingozi yokufa icishe ibe ngu-50% ngisho noma ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Yingakho kunconywa ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu, noma ngabe unezimpawu ezincane. Ngisho noma impilo yakho isindiswa ngemva kokwelashwa, abanye abantu bangase babe nokulimala kwemizwa kanye nokukhubazeka kobuso (ngenxa yokususwa kwezicubu).
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU?
- Uma unezimpawu ze-Fungal Sinusitis okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uma sezikhona isikhathi eside (i-Chronic Sinusitis), qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akuhlole.
- Uma uke waba ne-fungal sinusitis noma unesifo esehlisa amasosha omzimba wakho, xoxa ngaso njalo nodokotela wakho.
Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha!
Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibuthakathaka (isib., isiguli somdlavuza, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, i-immunosuppressant) futhi uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka okubangelwa yigciwane (njengokungezwani kobuso, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, ukushintsha kombono), hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba isimo sokuphila noma ukufa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Sinusitis yesikhunta iwukutheleleka kwe-sinus okubangelwa yisikhunta. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu: okungahlaseli kanye nokungahlaseli.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abanesifo sikashukela, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza) basengozini enkulu yokuthola uhlobo oluhlaselayo.
- Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezivamile ze-sinus, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokungazweli kobuso, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, kanye nokushintsha kombono, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esiyingozi.
- Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-endoscopy, i-biopsy, kanye ne-CT scan kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngokunembile.
- Ukuhlinzwa kanye nemithi yokukhunta isetshenziswa kakhulu njengokwelapha.
- Uma useqenjini elisengozini, ungazinaki izimpawu ze-sinus. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma kuvela izimpawu eziyingozi, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha.
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