Ake sifunde nge-hypertension ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kukuthinta kanjani wena nomntwana wakho?

Uma ungumuntu olindele ukuba ngumama, cishe unemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Ikakhulukazi, ungase wesabe kancane ngezinye izimo zempilo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Into eyodwa abantu abaningi abakhuluma ngayo, kodwa abayazi ngempela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, okusho ukwanda komfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula.

Kuyini umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? (`Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa`)

Kalula nje, ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-20 okukhulelwa, umfutho wegazi wakho, noma umfutho wegazi, uba phezulu kunokuvamile, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa. Lesi simo senzeka ku-6% kuya ku-8% wokukhulelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akubize nangokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme obangelwa ukukhulelwa. Into ekhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi ivame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuthola umntwana.

Kodwa-ke, uma umfutho wegazi wakho ukhuphuka phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase ungaziboni izimpawu ezinkulu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuya emitholampilo yakho yokubeletha ngesikhathi. Khona-ke udokotela angakala umfutho wegazi lakho njalo. Ngoba, uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka ngale ndlela, kungaba nezinkinga ezithile kuwe nakumntwana. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzokuqapha ngokucophelela wena nomntwana phakathi nokukhulelwa futhi akusize ulawule umfutho wegazi lakho.

Kuyini ngempela umfutho wegazi ophakeme (i-Hypertension)?

Ake siqale sibheke ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma "umfutho wegazi ophakeme". Uma igazi lihamba emithanjeni yegazi yomzimba wakho, umfutho wegazi osebenza ezindongeni zaleyo mithambo yegazi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi. Uma lo mfutho wegazi uphakeme kunojwayelekile, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma "umfutho wegazi ophakeme."

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uhluke kanjani kwezinye izikhathi?

Uma ukhulelwe, umfutho wegazi lakho uyakhuphuka, okuthinta umzimba wakho ngendlela ehlukile kunalapho ungakhulelwe. Cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba kufanele ipompe igazi eliningi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kubeka umzimba wakho ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe.

Futhi, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungathinta indlela i-placenta ekhula futhi esebenza ngayo. I-placenta iyindlela enikeza umntwana izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo akudingayo. Ngakho-ke uma ithintekile, umntwana angase angatholi izakhamzimba akudingayo ukuze akhule ngendlela evamile. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophezulu, wena nomntwana wakho nisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuzalwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokucindezeleka ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomfutho wegazi ophezulu ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ingcindezi iqala nini ukukhuphuka kanye nezimpawu ezibangelwa yiyo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibonwayo yilezi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongapheli:Lokhu kubhekisela kumfutho wegazi ophezulu owawukhona ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, noma owaqala phakathi namasonto okuqala angu-20 okukhulelwa. Lolu hlobo lomfutho wegazi lungaqhubeka ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu ongapheli bangaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Preeclampsia``. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``umfutho wegazi ongapheli one-preeclampsia ephakanyisiwe``.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa: Lona umfutho wegazi ophakeme esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili, oqala ekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Abanye abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa bangaba ne-preeclampsia kamuva. Uma unalesi simo, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka akubone kaningi.
• I-Preeclampsia: Lesi yisimo esibonakala kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa (ngokuvamile ngemva kwamasonto angu-27). Lesi simo sitholakala lapho udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho uphezulu futhi uneprotheni emchameni wakho. Singathinta isibindi sakho, izinso, amaphaphu, ubuchopho kanye ne-placenta. Uma sithinta ubuchopho, kunengozi yokuxhuzula (i-eclampsia).

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Manje ungase uzibuze, 'Ingabe lokhu kwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu? Noma ingabe bakhona abantu abasengozini enkulu?' Empeleni, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani:

• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
• Uma uke waba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma i-preeclampsia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini.
• Uma othile emndenini eke waba "nomfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa" (okusho ukuthi kungaba yifa).
• Uma unesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
• Uma unesifo samasosha omzimba, isibonelo, i-lupus.
• Uma unesifo sezinso.
• Uma ulindele izingane eziningi, njengamawele noma amawele amathathu.
• Uma ungumuntu omnyama (ezinye izici zofuzo zingadlala indima).

Ingabe "i-Gestational Hypertension" kanye ne-"Preeclampsia" ziyizinto ezihlukene?

Yebo, lezi ezimbili zihlukile kancane. "I-Gestational Hypertension" imane nje ingumfutho wegazi ophezulu owenzeka engxenyeni yokugcina yokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ayithinti izinso zakho, okusho ukuthi awunayo iphrotheni emchameni wakho. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo singakhula sibe yi-"Preeclampsia", odokotela bazokuhlola njalo.

I-Preeclampsia yisimo esibi kakhulu. Iphinde ivele engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa. Kulesi simo, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, amaprotheni aqala ukuvela emchameni. Uma ingelashwa, ingalimaza izitho zomzimba ezifana nezinso, isibindi kanye nobuchopho. I-Preeclampsia ingadala nezinkinga ekukhuleni komntwana futhi ingandisa ingozi yokuzalwa kwengane isishonile.

Yini ebangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Eqinisweni, imbangela eqondile yomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ayikatholakali . Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezimo nezici esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni zingase zandise le ngozi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule" ngoba abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi banomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ngaphezu kokuthi udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu:

• Ukuvuvukala (okubizwa nangokuthi i-edema). Ikakhulukazi ubuso, izandla, nezinyawo kungase kuvuvuke.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ungase ube nesifo sekhanda esinzima nesiqhubekayo.
• Ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe.
• Izinguquko zombono (umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili, ukuzwela ukukhanya).
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Kudlula umchamo omncane kuphela ngesikhathi.
• Ubuhlungu besisu (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ephezulu kwesokudla yesisu).

Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izingozi zomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Akuwona wonke umuntu othola izinkinga ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ubeka engcupheni yezinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuquleka
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okwesikhashana
• Izinkinga zesibindi
• Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi

Futhi, uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ubelethe ingane yakho ngokuhlinzwa (C-section).

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wokukhulelwa umthinta kanjani umntwana wami?

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukucindezela okukhulu kunganciphisa inani legazi elifinyelela ku-placenta (indlela enikeza umntwana ukudla nomoya-mpilo). Lokhu kuntuleka kwegazi nezakhamzimba kungabangela umntwana ukuthi:

• Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi noma Umkhawulo Wokukhula Kwangaphakathi Kwesibeletho (IUGR). Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi yilapho ingane inesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-5 nama-ounces angu-8 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-2.5) lapho izalwa.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37).
• Ukuzalwa kwengane ifile .
• Ukuqala kokubeletha kwenzeka lapho umntwana engakakhuli ngokugcwele (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-39).

Kodwa khumbula, ezimweni eziningi, uma lesi simo sibonakala ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa futhi ingcindezi ilawulwa kahle, ingane enempilo ingazalwa. Uma isimo sinzima kakhulu, kulapho ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu iba nkulu khona.

Uyini umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Kunezinombolo ezimbili lapho ulinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho. Inombolo yokuqala "umfutho wegazi we-Systolic". Lokhu kulinganisa umfutho lapho inhliziyo yakho incipha. Inombolo yesibili "umfutho wegazi we-Diastolic". Lokhu kulinganisa umfutho lapho inhliziyo yakho iphumule phakathi kokushaya.

Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa ngamamilimitha e-mercury (mmHg). Udokotela uzofunda umfutho ngokuthi "120 phezu kuka-80" (120/80 mmHg), okuyingcindezi ye-systolic phezulu kanye nengcindezi ye-diastolic phansi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho phakathi nekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa ukuze wazi izinga lakho elijwayelekile lomfutho wegazi. Kukota yesibili, umfutho wegazi uvame ukwehla kancane, ngakho kungaba nzima ukubona umfutho wegazi ongapheli. Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme kuno-140/90 mmHg ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokuwulawula. Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic ongaphezu kuka-160 mmHg noma umfutho wegazi we-diastolic ongaphezu kuka-110 mmHg kungabangela izimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuxhuzula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ubona kanjani umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Udokotela wakho uzokala umfutho wegazi lakho njalo uma uvakashela ikliniki yakho yangaphambi kokubeletha. Umfutho wegazi lakho ungaguquguquka usuku lonke, futhi ungakhuphuka ngenxa yezici eziningi.

Uma ubona ushintsho ezingeni lakho elijwayelekile lomfutho wegazi, noma uma liphakeme kunokuvamile, udokotela wakho angase asole ukuthi unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuphinda uhlolwe umfutho wegazi lakho emtholampilo ngemva kwesikhashana. Uma umfutho wegazi wakho ungakajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase enze ezinye izivivinyo.

Ngaphezu kokuthatha izilinganiso ezengeziwe zokucindezela, udokotela angenza okulandelayo:

• Hlola umchamo wakho ukuthi awunamaprotheni yini.
• Sizokuhlola ukuthi awuvuvukile yini.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso kanye nezici zokujiya kwegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Hypertension yokukhulelwa?

Odokotela belapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besimo, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani ukhulelwe.

Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqapha umfutho wegazi wakho eduze futhi aqaphele izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lokhu kuzohlanganisa ukuvakashela njalo emtholampilo ukuze ahlole umfutho wegazi nomchamo wakho ukuze ahlole izimpawu ze-preeclampsia. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqapha umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya .
• Imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela .

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho, noma okungenani ukuvimbela ukuthi ungabi mubi kakhulu futhi ubangele izinkinga.

Futhi, odokotela baqapha ingane njalo futhi benza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ukuhlola impilo yengane. Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo yilezi:

• Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound (`I-Ultrasound`)
• Ukuhlolwa Okungacindezeleki
• Iphrofayili ye-Biophysical
• I-Doppler ultrasound (lokhu kulinganisa ukugeleza kwegazi)
• Ukubala ukunyakaza kwengane yakho noma ukubala ukukhahlela

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ingane yakho izozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, unganikezwa ama-steroid ukusiza amaphaphu engane yakho akhule. Lawa ma-steroid anganciphisa ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngemva kokuzalwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngibelethe umntwana wami ngokuphepha, yize umfutho wegazi wami uphakeme?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze wandise amathuba akho okuba nomntwana ophephile nonempilo:

• Phuza imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi njengoba nje uyalelwe.
• Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo ekhaya.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uya kuyo yonke imitholampilo yokukhulelwa.
• Uma kudingeka, vuma ukulethwa kusenesikhathi.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo futhi wehlise usawoti owudlayo. (Isibonelo, nciphisa inani likasawoti owufaka ekudleni kwakho, ukudla okunosawoti omningi, kanye nokudla okunezigcini ngangokunokwenzeka.)
• Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana nemisebenzi kanye nokuzivocavoca.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma umfutho wegazi ulawulwa kahle, izinkinga ezinkulu ngeke zenzeke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha.

Uma ngine-'Gestational Hypertension', ingabe ngizoba 'ngishukunyiswe' (ngiqalwe ngokwenziwa)?

Mhlawumbe. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukubeletha ingane yakho kusenesikhathi, angase akuncome ukuqala ukubeletha ('okubangela ukubeletha'). Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ingane yakho ibe namaviki angu-37 (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi).

Ingabe Ukuphumula Embhedeni Kuyasiza Nge-Hypertension Yokukhulelwa?

Yebo. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome "ukuphumula embhedeni" njengokwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase welulekwe ukuthi uphumule ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ingabe ngizoqhubeka nokucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha umntwana?

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) owenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uvame ukuphela ngemva kokubeletha ingane yakho. Kodwa-ke, kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo. Uma uke waba ne-preeclampsia enzima noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu wokukhulelwa, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithi amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokubeletha ingane yakho. Uma uke waba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela ekubelethweni.

Abantu ababenomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongapheli ngaphambi kokukhulelwa bavame ukuqhubeka benawo ngemva kokubeletha. Ngezinye izikhathi, umfutho wegazi wakho ungase uhlale uphezulu ngemva kokubeletha, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithi yokuwelapha. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulawule umfutho wegazi wakho ngemva kokukhulelwa.

Kunini lapho kufanele ngikhathazeke khona nge-Gestational Hypertension?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , shayela udokotela wakho wesibhedlela sangaphambi kokubeletha ngokushesha:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elifika ngokuzumayo futhi elingaphezi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani.
• Umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili.
• Ukuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi kobuso, izandla, izinyawo).
• Ukuphuma komchamo okuncane kunokujwayelekile.

Uma udokotela wakho esekutshelile ukuthi une-high blood pressure, khuluma naye ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokusingatha lesi simo. Bangakusiza ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho ngenxa ye-high blood pressure.

Ingabe umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungavinjelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Njengoba singazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunzima kancane ukuwuvimbela. Kodwa nansi ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ngisho noma ungakhulelwe):

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. (Yidla izithelo, imifino, kanye nemifino eminingi. Nciphisa amafutha, usawoti kanye noshukela.)
• Zivocavoce, njengokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma i-yoga, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesonto.
• Gwema ukubhema notshwala ngokuphelele.
• Phumula ngokwanele futhi ulale kahle.

Uma usengozini yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uthathe i-aspirin yengane ngosuku. Ukuqonda ingozi yakho yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nokwazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kungakusiza ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kulesi simo.

Uma unenkinga ngomfutho wegazi lakho noma ingozi yakho yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, obizwa ngokuthi "umfutho wegazi ophezulu wokukhulelwa," ungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lolu hlobo lomfutho wegazi ophezulu luvame ukuphela ngemva kokuthola umntwana.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukukala umfutho wegazi njalo, ukuphuza imithi uma kudingeka, nokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila (njengokudla nokuzivocavoca). Uma umfutho wegazi ulawulwa kahle, awubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ungalawulwa, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu njengokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-placenta.

Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo mayelana nokufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho noma ukuthi ungawuphatha kanjani umfutho wegazi lakho, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukuphepha kwakho nokwengane yakho engakazalwa yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu!

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa , ingcindezi, i-preeclampsia, impilo yokukhulelwa, impilo yomntwana, umfutho wegazi, izinkinga zokukhulelwa