Cishe uke wezwa ngohlobo olusha lomjovo olusiza ngesifo sikashukela kanye nokwehlisa isisindo. Mhlawumbe uke wezwa umngane noma isihlobo sikhuluma ngakho. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo olusha lwemithi abantu abaningi abakhuluma ngayo lubizwa ngokuthi ama-agonist e-GLP-1. Ake sichaze konke ngakho namuhla, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane.
Bangobani laba bantu abasebenzisa i-GLP-1 Agonists?
Kalula nje, ama-agonist e-GLP-1 ayisigaba semithi esiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa eminye yale mithi isetshenziselwa nokwelapha abantu abanokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Esikhathini esiningi, lo muthi uza njengomjovo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungawunikeza wena usebenzisa isirinji nenaliti. Lo mjovo kufanele unikezwe ungqimba olunamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngokukhethekile, ungawunikeza lo mjovo esiswini, ngemuva kwamathanga, engxenyeni engenhla yezinqe, kanye nangemuva kwezingalo.
Lolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa lwaziwa ngamanye amagama amaningana. Akudingeki uzazi zonke, kodwa uma uzibona, kufanele uqonde ukuthi zonke zibhekisela entweni efanayo.
- Ama-agonist afana ne-glucagon-peptide-1
- Ama-agonist e-GLP-1 receptor
- Ama-Incretin mimetics
- Ama-analogue e-GLP-1
Lolu hlobo lomuthi lusha kakhulu. I-agonist yokuqala ye-GLP-1 (i-Exenatide) yavunywa ngo-2005. Ngakho-ke abacwaningi basahlola okunye ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zalo muthi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula into eyodwa. Awukwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 noma ukukhuluphala ngale mithi yodwa. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kubalulekile ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila nalokho okudlayo nokuphuzayo, kanye nemithi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamanje zemithi ye-agonist ye-GLP-1?
Lezi ezinye zemithi eyinhloko ye-GLP-1 agonist esemakethe njengamanje. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike enye yale mithi.
| Igama Elijwayelekile Lomuthi | I gama le-brand |
|---|---|
| I-Dulaglutide | I-Trulicity® |
| I-Exenatide | I-Byetta® |
| I-Exenatide (ukukhululwa okunwetshiwe) | I-Bydureon® |
| I-Liraglutide | I-Victoza® |
| I-Lixisenatide | I-Adlyxin® |
| I-Semaglutide (umjovo) | I-Ozempic® |
| I-Semaglutide (amaphilisi) | I-Rybelsus® |
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona olunye uhlobo lwemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi ama-agonist amabili e-GLP-1/GIP receptor. Okwamanje kukhona umuthi owodwa walolu hlobo. Lowo yi-Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®).
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani, sidinga kuqala ukwazi okuncane nge-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-GLP-1 ekhona ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu.
I-GLP-1 iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa amathumbu akho amancane. Ifana nesithunywa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Yenza izinto eziningana ezibalulekile:
1. Kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas: I-insulin iyi-hormone ebalulekile esiza ukuguqula ukudla esikudlayo kube amandla. Lokhu ikwenza ngokunciphisa inani likashukela (i-glucose) egazini. Uma i-insulini ingekho, izinga likashukela egazini liyakhuphuka bese kuvela isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke i-hormone ye-GLP-1 inikeza i-pancreas "isignali", ithi, "Kulungile, khiqiza i-insulini manje."
2. Kumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone i-Glucagon: I-Glucagon iyi-hormone esebenza ngokumelene ne-insulin. Okusho ukuthi, *inyusa* amazinga kashukela egazini uma kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon, i-hormone i-GLP-1 ivimbela ukungezwa koshukela owengeziwe egazini.
3. Kwehlisa ijubane lokukhipha isisu: Kalula nje, kwandisa isikhathi ukudla okudlayo okuhlala esiswini sakho. Lokhu kuvumela ushukela ovela ekudleni ukuthi ungene egazini lakho kancane kancane. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ukwanda okungazelelwe kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
4.Kwandisa umuzwa wokugcwala ngemva kokudla: I-hormone ye-GLP-1 ithinta nezingxenye zobuchopho bethu ezilawula indlala nokugcwala. Ngakho-ke, sizizwa sigcwele ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane, futhi isifiso sethu sokudla siyancipha.
Manje, uyaqonda ukuthi i-hormone yemvelo ye-GLP-1 isebenza kanjani? Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngomuthi. Lokho okwenziwa umuthi we-agonist we-GLP-1 ukuziphatha njenge-hormone yemvelo. Okusho ukuthi, "ulingisa" leyo hormone. Lapho umuthi ungena emzimbeni, ubopha kuma-receptor e-hormone ye-GLP-1 futhi wenza into efanayo ncamashi njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Njengoba umthamo womuthi ukhula, lo mphumela nawo uyanda.
Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, lo muthi ulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokulawula ukuphuma kwegazi esiswini.
Ngenxa yokuthi kwandisa umuzwa wokugcwala, inani lokudla okudliwayo liyancipha, futhi isifiso sokudla siyancipha. Uma konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa, umphumela uba ukwehla kwesisindo.
Ubani okufanele asebenzise lo muthi?
Odokotela banikeza lo muthi ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbili: isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2
Ama-agonist e-GLP-1 avunyelwe ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ngoba asebenza kahle kakhulu ekwehliseni amazinga kashukela egazini.
Kuneminye imithi yesifo sikashukela. I-Metformin ivame ukuba yisinqumo sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angancoma i-agonist ye-GLP-1 ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle nge-metformin yodwa.
- Uma unesifo esikuvimbela ukuthi uthathe i-metformin.
- Uma inani lakho le-A1C liphakeme kakhulu kunezinga eliqondiwe.
- Uma i-A1C yakho ingalawulwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokwelashwa futhi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana ne -atherosclerosis , ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo , noma isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona .
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Amanye ama-agonist e-GLP-1, njenge-Semaglutide kanye ne-Liraglutide esezingeni eliphezulu, nawo avunyelwe ukwelapha ukukhuluphala, njengoba enekhono lokunciphisa kakhulu isisindo somzimba. Ukukhuluphala yisimo esingamahlalakhona lapho i-body mass index (BMI) yakho ingu-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Futhi, udokotela angase anikeze lo muthi kumuntu one-BMI ephakathi kuka-25 no-29.9 (okhuluphele ngokweqile) futhi onezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingalawulwa ngokunciphisa isisindo.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Imithi yodwa ayanele. Imiphumela ephumelelayo ingatholakala kuphela uma kuhlanganiswa izinto eziningi, njengokudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha .
Indlela yokusebenzisa umuthi futhi kangaki
Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngokucacile ukuthi kufanele uwuthathe nini futhi kangaki lo muthi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela leyo miyalelo ngqo. Inani elijwayelekile lezikhathi zokusebenzisa lo mjovo liboniswe kuthebula elingezansi.
| Igama lomuthi | Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Dulaglutide | Kanye ngesonto |
| I-Exenatide | Kabili ngosuku |
| I-Exenatide (ukukhululwa okunwetshiwe) | Kanye ngesonto |
| I-Liraglutide | Kanye ngosuku |
| I-Lixisenatide | Kanye ngosuku |
| I-Semaglutide | Kanye ngesonto |
| I-Tirzepatide | Kanye ngesonto |
I-Semaglutide nayo itholakala ngesimo sethebhulethi. Iwumuthi okumele uthathwe nsuku zonke.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezengeziwe zalo muthi?
Ngaphezu kokwehlisa ushukela egazini nokwehlisa isisindo, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi le mithi inezinye izinzuzo eziningana.
- Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
- Ukuthuthukisa izinkinga zamafutha njenge-cholesterol egazini.
- Ukunciphisa isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sezinso.
- Ukulawula izinga le-diabetic nephropathy (umonakalo wezinso obangelwa yisifo sikashukela).
Ake sifunde nangemiphumela emibi.
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-agonist e-GLP-1 angabangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abakuboni lokhu, futhi uma kwenzeka, kuyaphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
| Izinhlobo zemiphumela emibi | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela Emibi Evamile | |
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma uqala ukuthatha umuthi noma uma umthamo unyusiwe. | |
| Eminye Imiphumela Engemihle | |
| |
| Imiphumela Engavamile Kodwa Emibi Kakhulu | |
|
Izingozi Nezinkinga
Ama-agonist e-GLP-1 ngokuvamile ayimithi ephephile, kodwa kunezingozi ezithile okufanele uziqaphele.
Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba
Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba kulo muthi. Uma unesifo sokulunywa noma ukubomvu okuqhubekayo endaweni yokujova, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Akuvamile kakhulu, ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis kungenzeka. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela i-ambulensi noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze (i-ETU).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ama-Hives
- Ubunzima bokugwinya
- Ukuqubuka okubomvu
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukuqina kwesifuba
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ama-agonist e-GLP-1 awanconywa ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izifundo zezilwane zikhombisile ukuthi lo muthi ungalimaza ingane esakhula. Kufanele usebenzise izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ezanele ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia)
Ingozi yokuba noshukela ophansi egazini (hypoglycemia) iphansi uma uthatha lo muthi wedwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha eminye imithi yesifo sikashukela, njenge-insulin noma i-sulfonylureas, kanye nalo muthi, le ngozi iyanda kakhulu.
I-Hypoglycemia yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini ehla khona ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL. Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingaba yingozi empilweni.
Izici:
- Ukuthuthumela komzimba
- Ukujuluka nokuzizwa ubanda
- Isiyezi namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Umzimba ongenampilo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Ukuzizwa ulambile kakhulu
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo
- Isicanucanu
Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kufanele udle ngokushesha into equkethe ushukela noma ama-carbohydrate. Isibonelo, uhhafu webhanana noma uhhafu wenkomishi yejusi lama-apula.
Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela?
Uma usebenzisa i-agonist ye-GLP-1, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma imiphumela emibi ikukhathaza.
- Uma unomuzwa wokuthi umuthi awusizi isimo sakho.
- Uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuyeka umuthi.
- Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-agonist e-GLP-1 ayiklasi lemithi elisebenza kahle kakhulu elisiza ukulawula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
- Lokhu kusebenza ngokulingisa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-GLP-1 ekhona ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu.
- Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ushukela egazini, ukunciphisa isisindo, futhi kuvikele inhliziyo nezinso.
- Kubalulekile ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kanye nokudla lapho usebenzisa lo muthi. Lokhu kukodwa akuwona 'umlingo'.
- Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo ungaba nemiphumela emibi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
- Udokotela wakho kufanele anqume ukuthi lo muthi ukulungele yini. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa lokhu kuphela ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha.
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