Ingabe uzizwa ungazizwa kahle futhi unesiyezi? Kungaba yi-Guillain-Barré Syndrome!

Ingabe uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa umzimba wakho ngokuzumayo, noma izitho zakho zomzimba azinangqondo? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esisodwa esinjalo. Yi-Guillain-Barré Syndrome, noma i-GBS ngamafuphi. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esingavamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Iyini i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Kalula nje, i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome iyisimo esingavamile lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona isimiso sakho sezinzwa . Silimaza ngqo imizwa engaphandle egijimela emilenzeni yakho nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Cabanga ngalezi zinzwa njengezintambo emzimbeni wakho. Lapho le mizwa yonakele, izimpawu ezinjengokungazweli, ubuthakathaka, ngisho nokukhubazeka zingavela. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangalulama ngokuphelele kulesi simo.

Indlela yokubiza leli gama nayo ihlukile kancane. NgesiNgisi, libizwa ngokuthi "ghee-AHN buh-RAY".

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole i-GBS?

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome ingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-50. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abasebasha nabaseneminyaka ephakathi nabo basengozini.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

I-GBS empeleni iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu . Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni linabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-7.8, kubikwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-100,000 kuphela abathola lesi sifo minyaka yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-78,000 utholakala enesifo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-GBS?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ithinta izinzwa zethu zangaphandle, ithinta izinto ezilawulwa yilawo mizwa, njengokunyakaza kwemisipha, ukuqonda ubuhlungu, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuthinta .

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-GBS ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye/noma ukungazweli (i-paresthesia) . Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo. Zivame ukuthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba ngokulinganayo . Futhi, zingaqala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni bese zisakazeka kancane kancane phezulu, ziye ezingalweni nasebusweni. Lapho imisipha emilenzeni iba buthakathaka, kungaba nzima ukuhamba noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi. Cabanga ngomuntu obesebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokuzumayo elahlekelwa yimilenze yomibili futhi engakwazi ukuhamba.

Ubukhali be-GBS bungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu futhi balulame. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Kuye ngobukhulu besifo, ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha obuqinile emhlane kanye/noma emilenzeni .
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yemilenze, izingalo, kanye/noma ubuso . Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umzimba wonke ungase ukhubazeke.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yesifuba. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Lesi simo senzeka cishe kwengxenye yesithathu yabantu abane-GBS.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya (dysphagia) .
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa amehlo kanye nokungaboni kahle .

Izimpawu ze-GBS zingakhula kancane kancane esikhathini esingamahora, izinsuku, noma amasonto . Iningi labantu libhekana nokugula okubi kakhulu emavikini amabili okuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngesonto lesithathu, cishe abantu abangu-90% bangase babe sebuthaka kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma uvele ube buthakathaka bemisipha ngokuzumayo futhi bube bubi kakhulu emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-GBS ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-GBS?

I-GBS ithinta uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluzimele, okungabangela izinkinga ezisongela impilo . Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluzimele lulawula izinqubo ezibalulekile esingazi ukuthi sinazo, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokugaya ukudla. Uma lolu hlelo lungasebenzi kahle, lubizwa ngokuthi i-dysautonomia.

I-dysautonomia ebangelwa yi-GBS ingaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nalezi:

• I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo.
• Ukungazinzi komfutho wegazi.
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla (ukuqina kwesisu).
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukuchama, isibonelo, ukugcinwa komchamo.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-GBS?

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome iyisifo semizwa esibangelwa ukutheleleka, esibangelwa amasosha omzimba . Ake sichaze lokhu kabanzi:

• Ngemva kokutheleleka: Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuba uke waba nokutheleleka. Abantu abangaba ngu-70% abane-GBS baba nezimpawu zingakapheli isonto kuya emavikini ayisithupha emva kokugula . Abacwaningi abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka kwabanye abantu hhayi kwabanye.
• Ukuzivikela komzimba: Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa impendulo engavamile evela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Lapho abanye abantu begula, uhlelo lwabo lokuzivikela komzimba luyasabela ngendlela engalungile futhi luhlasele futhi lonakalise imizwa yabo yangaphandle. Yilokhu okubangela i-GBS. Futhi uhlobo lwesimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezifo eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba, i-GBS akuyona isifo esihlala isikhathi eside.
• I-Neuropathy:I-neuropathy yigama elijwayelekile lezifo ezilimaza imizwa. Ku-GBS, umonakalo uvela emithanjeni engaphandle. Amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela ngokushesha le mizwa isikhathi eside, abhubhise isembozo esivikelayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin (esifana nokushisa okuzungeze ucingo lukagesi).

Abacwaningi bathole ezinye izifo kanye nezinye izimbangela ezihlobene nesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba ezingaholela ku-GBS. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uhudo noma ukutheleleka kokuphefumula: Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abane-GBS banesifo sohudo noma ukutheleleka kokuphefumula amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Imbangela eyinhloko ye-GBS ukutheleleka ngamagciwane abangela uhudo i-Campylobacter jejuni .
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Abanye abantu abathola i-GBS bake baba nokutheleleka ngegciwane ngaphambilini njengomkhuhlane, i-cytomegalovirus, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, kanye negciwane le-Zika.
• Imithi Yokugoma: Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu bathole i-GBS ezinsukwini noma amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuthola imithi ethile yokugoma. Kodwa lokhu kubalulekile: Izinzuzo zokugoma zidlula kakhulu izingozi. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abathola umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-GBS kunalabo abathola umkhuhlane.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Akuvamile kakhulu, i-GBS ingenzeka ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa.

Ungayibona kanjani i-`(GBS)`?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha . Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala kanjani futhi nini, nokuthi ngabe uke waba nanoma yiziphi izifo muva nje. Bazokwenza nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa ukuze bahlole ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokuncipha noma ukungabikho kwe-deep-tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia noma i-areflexia).

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimo eziningi zezinzwa ezinezimpawu ezifana ne-GBS. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze anqume ezinye izimo. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electromyography (EMG) kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa kwemizwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola impilo kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha yakho yamathambo (imisipha enamathele emathanjeni) kanye nemizwa eyilawulayo.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla:Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho ufaka inaliti emhlane wakho ongezansi bese ethatha isampula yoketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Isampula ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe okuqukethwe yiyo. Kubantu abangaba ngu-80% abane-GBS, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi ku-CSF livamile, kodwa izinga lamaprotheni liphakeme. Uma kukhona okunye ukukhubazeka ku-CSF, kungabonisa esinye isimo sezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuskenwa komgogodla nge-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

Iphathwa kanjani i-GBS?

Uma une-Guillain-Barré syndrome, kungase kudingeke uhlale e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) yesibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi ithimba lezokwelapha likwazi ukukuqapha eduze ukuze libone izinkinga ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi ezingase zenzeke nge-GBS.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinganciphisa ubukhulu besifo futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokululama. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-GBS:

• Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (plasmapheresis): Kulokhu kwelashwa, umshini uhlukanisa i-plasma egazini lakho, uyelaphe, bese ubuyisela i-plasma negazi emzimbeni wakho. Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma kuhlunga ama-antibodies ahlasela imizwa yakho kusuka ku-plasma yakho.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Kulokhu kwelashwa, amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-immunoglobulin, aqoqwe egazini lezinkulungwane zabantu abaphilile, anikezwa nge-intravenous (emthanjeni). Lawa ma-immunoglobulin angamaprotheni akhiqizwa yisimiso sethu somzimba ngokwemvelo ukuze ahlasele izinto ezingaphandle. I-IVIG inganciphisa isikhathi isimiso sakho somzimba somzimba esihlasela ngaso izinzwa zakho.

Kuzo zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha, uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa zingakapheli amasonto amabili kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu ze-GBS, isikhathi sokululama singafinyezwa.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga

Izinkinga zingavela uma i-GBS ithinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluzimele futhi ibangela ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhubazeke ngokuphelele. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha ukuphefumula kwakho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nomfutho wegazi eduze. Bazothatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga. Ezinye izibonelo zokwelapha izinkinga zifaka:

• Ukunakekelwa kokuphefumula: Uma i-GBS ithinta imisipha yakho yokuphefumula, ungadinga ukuphefumula ngomshini. Cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-GBS banenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi:Uma ungazi lutho nhlobo futhi ulele embhedeni wesibhedlela isikhathi eside, udokotela wakho angakunika imithi efana ne-heparin (i-anticoagulant) ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi emithanjeni yakho ejulile (i-deep vein thrombosis).
• Uketshezi olufakwa ngemithambo yegazi kanye nokuncelisa ngepayipi: Uma kunzima ukugwinya, uketshezi olufakwa ngemithambo yegazi lungadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokondla ngepayipi eliphuma nasogastric ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungondleki kahle. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukudla noma uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni epayipini lomoya futhi kubangele i-pneumonia yokufiphaza.

Ukuvuselelwa

Njengoba isimo sakho sithuthuka, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakudlulisela esikhungweni sokwelapha. Lapho, ungasebenzisana nabelaphi bomzimba nabanye abelaphi ukuze uthole amandla akho futhi uqale ukuzivocavoca ukuze kukusize ubuyele emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke. Lokhu kwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa indlela umzimba wakho ohamba ngayo. Udokotela wezokwelapha ngokomzimba angakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu, ukuqina, kanye nokungakhululeki. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ukuze ubuyisele amandla emisipha.
• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebenzi: Lokhu kwelashwa kukusiza kancane kancane ukuthi uthuthukise ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha imisebenzi ukufundisa ukuthi ungama kanjani, uhlale, ushukume, noma usebenzise imishini ehlukahlukene ukuze wenze umsebenzi wakho ngokuphepha.
• Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo: Uma i-GBS ithinte imisipha emlonyeni wakho noma emphinjeni, udokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma angakusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole ikhono lakho lokugwinya nokukhuluma.
• Izinsiza zokuhamba: Amadivayisi anjengezinduku, ama-braces, ama-walker, kanye nezihlalo zabakhubazekile angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kwakho futhi avimbele ukuwa. Angasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukukhathala.

Ingabe i-GBS ingavinjelwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ayinakuvinjelwa. Abacwaningi abasazi ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-GBS ngemva kokugula kanti abanye abakwenzi. Kodwa-ke, into eyodwa ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-GBS ukuhlala uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka. Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Hlala kude nabantu abane-influenza yesisu noma ezinye izifo.
• Qinisa amasosha omzimba wakho ngokudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo.
• Gcina izindawo ezithintwa njalo njengamatafula, amathoyizi, izibambo zeminyango, ocingweni, kanye nezinto zangasese zihlanzekile futhi zihlanziwe ngamagciwane.
• Thola yonke imijovo yakho ngesikhathi.

Kuyini ukubikezela kokugula komuntu one-GBS?

Isibikezelo somuntu one-Guillain-Barré syndrome singahluka. Iningi labantu abane-GBS liyalulama kakhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, cishe ama-30% abantu abadala - kanye nezingane eziningi - bangase babe nobuthakathaka bemisipha ethile eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Ingabe i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ze-Guillain-Barré syndrome ziyathuthuka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa. Iningi labantu liqala ukululama zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu. Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze lululame ngokugcwele singasukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya onyakeni noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani.

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome kanye nempilo

Abantu abalulama kwi-Guillain-Barré syndrome baphila isikhathi esijwayelekile. Abantu abangaphansi kuka-2% bafa ngenxa ye-GBS ngesikhathi sesigaba esibucayi. Izimbangela ezivamile zokufa ezihlobene ne-GBS zifaka:

• Inyumoniya.
• I-Sepsis (ushevu wegazi).
• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
• Ukugoba kwegazi emaphashini (i-pulmonary embolism).
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-GBS?

Inqubo yokululama kwi-Guillain-Barré syndrome ingaba yinde kwabanye abantu. Unganqikazi ukufuna ukwesekwa ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo kwabathandekayo bakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukuze likusize.

Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo noma ukukhubazeka okungazelelwe kungakucindezela kakhulu. Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile nge-GBS, khuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo , njengososayensi wengqondo. Iqembu lokusekelana lingakusiza futhi ukuthi uxhumane nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho nemizwa efanayo.

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) yisimo esibucayi esingashintsha impilo yakho ngokuzumayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi labantu abane-GBS liyalulama kahle ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha isikhathi. Inqubo yokululama ingaba yinselele futhi ikhathaze. Khumbula, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linawe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthola ukwesekwa kwabathandekayo bakho.

Masikhumbule izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome iyisifo esingavamile lapho amasosha ethu omzimba ehlasela khona izinzwa zethu.
• Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka okufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma isifo sohudo.
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe kanye nokungazweli, okuqala emilenzeni bese kusakazekela emzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubunzima bokugwinya, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha yobuso nakho kungase kwenzeke.
• Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa okufana ne-plasmapheresis kanye ne-IVIG kungalawula lesi sifo futhi kusheshise ukululama.
• Kungathatha isikhathi ukululama, futhi kungadinga ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa njengokwelashwa ngokomzimba.
• Nakuba abantu abaningi belulama ngokuphelele, abanye bangase bahlale nobuthakathaka obuthile.
• Nakuba lokhu kunzima ukukuvimbela, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuhlala uphilile.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Guillain-Barré syndrome, izifo zezinzwa, amasosha omzimba, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuba ndikindiki, i-GBS, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba