Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi uke waqaphela, ungaqapheli, ukuthi amehlo akho ayacwayiza, amahlombe akho ayawa, noma umane unesihlungu somphimbo. Mhlawumbe uke wesaba nokubona ingane yakho yenza lokhu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukudlikiza'. Lezi yizimo ezihlobene nesimiso sethu sezinzwa . Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akusikho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nengane yakho nikwazi lokhu.
Ziyini lezi zinkinga ze-Tic?
Kalula nje, isifo sokudlikiza yisimo esisesimisweni sethu sezinzwa esisenza sibe nokunyakaza komzimba okuzumayo, okuphindaphindayo noma imisindo okunzima ukuyilawula. Cabanga nje, ingane eyodwa kwezinhlanu izobhekana nalesi simo ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yayo.
Lokhu kuvame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-6. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-10 no-12. Izifo ze-tic ngezinye izikhathi zingahambisana nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nokucindezeleka, i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), i-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), kanye nokukhathazeka.
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kushukuma kuyancipha njengoba sikhula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zokudlikiza?
Incwadi esetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga lezi zimo, i-DSM-5-TR, ibala izinhlobo ezintathu zezinkinga zokudlikiza. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
1. Isifo Sokukhathala Kwesikhashana: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sokukhathala kwesikhashana . Luthinta cishe u-20% wezingane zesikole. Uma ingane yakho inokunyakaza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwemisipha noma imisindo isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga kodwa kungaphansi konyaka, udokotela wakho angase ayixilonge ukuthi ine-Provisional Tic Disorder.
2. Isifo sokudlikiza kwemisipha noma sokusebenza kwezwi esiqhubekayo (esingamahlalakhona): Nakuba ukudlikiza kwesikhashana kuvame ukuphela phakathi nonyaka, lolu hlobo lokudlikiza luhlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kulesi simo, ingane ingaba nokudlikiza kwemisipha kuphela noma ukudlikiza kwezwi kuphela. Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobo azenzeki ndawonye. Lokhu kuthinta cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-100.
3. I-Tourette Syndrome: Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu nesiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ze-tic. Nakuba singase sibukeke njenge-tic engapheli, singaba uphawu lwe-Tourette syndrome. Ingane enalesi simoKokubili ukushukuma kwemisipha kanye nokushukuma kwezwi kwenzeka ndawonye. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-10.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhathazeka nokudlikiza
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kushukuma kuyanda uma sicindezelekile noma sikhathazekile. Isizathu salokhu kungaba ukuthi ikhono lethu lokulawula imizimba yethu liyancipha uma sicindezelekile. Futhi, ukukhathazeka kungandisa ukushuba kwemizwa.
Kungani kwenzeka lezi zinkinga zokudlikiza?
Imbangela yangempela yalokhu ayikatholakali, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezibangela lokhu.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Lezi zivame ukwenzeka emindenini, okusho ukuthi uma umzali noma isihlobo esiseduze sinazo, ingane inamathuba amaningi okuba nazo.
- Ezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha: Lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne-ADHD kanye ne-OCD, esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni.
- Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Kucatshangwa ukuthi le ngozi ingandiswa nayizici ezifana nokubhema kukamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuzalwa komntwana enesisindo esincane.
Ingozi yokuthola lesi simo kubafana iphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kuya kane kunamantombazane.
Zingaba yini izimpawu zalokhu?
Lezi zimpawu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: I-Motor Tics kanye ne-Vocal Tics. Isigaba ngasinye sinezingxenye ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sibheke lezi kuthebula.
| Uhlobo lwethikhi | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ukunyakaza kwezimoto | |
| Ama-Simple Motor Tics (Kuhileleke iqembu elilodwa kuphela lemisipha) |
|
| Ama-Motor Tics Ayinkimbinkimbi (Kuhileleke amaqembu amaningana emisipha) | |
| Ama-Vocal Tics | |
| Ama-Vocal Tics Alula |
|
| Ama-Vocal Tics Ayinkimbinkimbi | |
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu njengesifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo sokudlikiza ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana.
- Hlobo luni lokudlikiza onalo? (Ngokomzimba, ngezwi, noma kokubili?)
- Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lokhu kukhona ?
- Lezi ziqale zineminyaka emingaki ?
- Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho oke waba/obe nalesi simo?
- Ingabe uthatha imithi yesifo esithile ?
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena akudingeki ukuze kutholakale lokhu. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi lezi zimpawu zibangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-MRI, i-CT scan, noma i-EEG.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lesi simo?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwezifo zokudlikiza. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ukulawula nokunciphisa izimpawu, futhi zikusize uphile impilo evamile. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukucatshangelwa kuphela uma ukudlikiza kubangela ubuhlungu, ukulimala, kuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, noma kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo.
Imithi
Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, le mithi ngeke iqede ngokuphelele ukudlikiza, izoyilawula kuphela.
- Ama-agonist e-Alpha-adrenergic: Lawa ngawokuqala ukunikezwa. Izibonelo: `Clonidine`, `Guanfacine`.
- Ama-antipsychotics: Lawa anikezwa uma izimpawu kunzima ukuzilawula. Izibonelo: `Haloperidol`, `Risperidone`.
- Imithi yokuvimbela ukuqunjelwa: Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isithuthwane, njenge-Topiramate (Topamax), itholakale isiza abanye abantu abane-Tourette syndrome.
- Imijovo ye-Botox: I-tic ebuhlungu ingadambisa ngokujova umjovo we-'Botox' emisipheni.
Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha
Lena indlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi uzijwayeze izindlela ezahlukene zokunciphisa ukuvama kanye nobukhali bokudlikiza.
- Ukwelapha Ngokuguqula Umkhuba: Kulokhu, uthola umuzwa owuzwayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike i-tic bese uzijwayeza ukwenza okunye (impendulo ephikisanayo) ukuze ufake esikhundleni se-tic ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, uma une-tic ehlikihla ikhanda, kufana nokubeka izandla zakho emadolweni akho ngokushesha nje lapho umuzwa ufika.
- I-CBIT (Ukungenelela Okuphelele Kokuziphatha Kwama-Tics): Lena indlela yokwelapha ephelele ehlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuguqula umkhuba, imfundo mayelana nama-tic, kanye namasu okuphumula.
Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Obujulile (i-DBS)
Lokhu ukwelashwa okusesesigabeni sokucwaninga futhi kucatshangelwa kuphela labo abanezimo ezinzima kakhulu abangazange baphendule kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kulokhu kwelashwa, kufakwa idivayisi encane ebuchosheni bese ithumela izimpawu zikagesi.
Singamsiza kanjani umntwana onesifo sokudlikiza?
Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza njengomzali.
- Yazisa isikole: Yazisa othisha kanye nothishanhloko ngesimo sengane yakho ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza ukwesekwa okudingekayo ekilasini futhi baqinisekise ukuthi azikho izinkinga ngezinye izingane.
- Yakha ukuzethemba: Siza ingane yakho ukuthi yenze izinto ezithandayo, ithuthukise amakhono ayo, futhi uyikhuthaze ukuba ibe nabangani.
- Ungamsoli ingane yakho: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingane ayizenzi lezi zinto ngamabomu. Ngakho-ke ungayilimazi ingane yakho ngokusho izinto ezinjengokuthi "Kungani wenza lokhu?" noma "Yeka." Kunalokho, mqonde futhi umsekele.
- Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha: Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi ube khona emihlanganweni yokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izinkinga ze-tic ziyizimo zemizwa wena noma ingane yakho eningakwazi ukuzilawula. Azihlosiwe.
- Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo siyancipha ngokuguga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi siyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
- Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda nokuyisekela, kunokuyisola.
- Uma izimpawu zinkulu futhi ziphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ofanelekayo ukuze akunike iseluleko.
- Lezi zimpawu zingalawulwa ngempumelelo ngemithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.
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