Kuyini i-HDL? Ake sixoxe nge-cholesterol 'enhle' emizimbeni yethu (i-HDL Cholesterol)

Uma sizwa igama elithi cholesterol, abaningi bethu bayesaba, akunjalo? Izinto ezinjengokuthi “O, ngiyazibuza ukuthi i-cholesterol yami iphezulu yini,” “Angikwazi ukudla ukudla okunamafutha,” ziyafika engqondweni. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-cholesterol ezimbi empilweni yethu? Empeleni kukhona uhlobo lwe-cholesterol olusiza kakhulu imizimba yethu, oluziphatha ‘njengomngane omuhle’. Leyo yi-cholesterol ‘enhle’, okungukuthi, i-HDL, okuyilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.

Kalula nje, iyini i-HDL?

Incazelo ephelele ye-HDL ithi High-Density Lipoprotein . Manje, leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa empeleni lilula kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi imithambo yegazi yakho iyimigwaqo emikhulu edolobheni. Njengoba nje ukuminyana kwezimoto kanye nodoti ongadingekile kuqongelela kule migwaqo, i-cholesterol 'embi' (LDL) nayo inganqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi yethu.

Yilapho-ke umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko, i-HDL, ephuma khona. I-HDL ifana neqembu lokuhlanza kakhulu ledolobha elihlanza le migwaqo. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-HDL zihamba ngemithambo yegazi, zithathe i-cholesterol embi (LDL) engadingeki, eqoqekile ezindongeni bese ziyiyisa ngqo esibindini. Kusesibindini lapho le cholesterol embi icutshungulwa khona futhi ikhishwe emzimbeni. Yingakho sibiza i-HDL ngokuthi 'i-cholesterol enhle' ngoba isiza ukugcina imithambo yegazi ihlanzekile.

Kungani i-HDL 'ilungile' kanti i-LDL 'imbi'?

I-cholesterol empeleni uhlobo lwamafutha oludingwa yiwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa inkinga isekutheni le cholesterol ihamba kanjani egazini. Ayihambi yodwa, ihamba kanye nama-molecule athwala amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-lipoprotein. I-HDL ne-LDL ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ezinjalo zabathwali. Imisebenzi yazo ihluke ngokuphelele. Ake siqonde lokhu ngethebula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HDL igcina ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi (i-endothelium) lwemithambo yethu yegazi, ivimbela ukuthi ingaklwebheki noma yonakale. Kufana nokufaka iplasta odongeni, ukulugcina luhle, futhi luhlale luhle.

Ukuqonda umbiko wakho we-cholesterol (iphrofayili ye-Lipid)

Uma uthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho, umbiko owutholayo ubizwa ngokuthi i-Lipid Profile. Unamanani amaningana. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.

• I-Cholesterol Ephelele: Lesi yisamba sazo zonke izinhlobo ze-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho: i-HDL, i-LDL, kanye ne-VLDL.
• I-LDL (I-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Lena yi-cholesterol 'embi'. Uma izinga liphezulu, kuba kubi kakhulu enhliziyweni.
• I-HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Lena yi-cholesterol 'enhle'. Uma inani liphezulu, kungcono kakhulu enhliziyweni yakho.
• I-VLDL (I-Lipoprotein Ephansi Kakhulu): Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-cholesterol embi, njenge-LDL.
• Ama-Triglycerides: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwamafutha olufakwa emzimbeni ngokudla esikudlayo. Ukwanda kwaleli nani kwandisa nengozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Kufanele libe njani izinga lakho le-HDL?

Uma izinga le-HDL liphezulu, kuba ngcono. Ngokuvamile, amazinga anempilo alandelayo:

• Izinga elingcono kakhulu lokuvikela ezifweni zenhliziyo: 60 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu.
• Kwabesilisa: 40 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu kunciphisa ingozi.
• Kwabesifazane: 50 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu kunciphisa ingozi.
• Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-19: 45 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lakho le-HDL lingaphansi kuka-40 mg/dL (kwabesilisa) noma u-50 mg/dL (kwabesifazane), kungaba yimbangela ekhulisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zamazinga aphansi e-HDL?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani izinga lakho le-HDL lingase lehle:

• Izimo zofuzo: Abanye abantu abakwazi ukulawula amazinga abo e-cholesterol ngenxa yezici zofuzo. Isifo saseTangier kanye ne-familial combined hyperlipidemia yizimo ezimbili ezinjalo.
• I-Metabolic Syndrome: Iqoqo lezimo, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nokukhuluphala esiswini, okungaholela emazingeni aphansi e-HDL.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba, ikakhulukazi lapho amafutha ebekwe endaweni yesisu, kungaholela ekwehleni kwamazinga e-HDL.
• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: I-nicotine ekugwayi yehlisa ngqo amazinga akho e-cholesterol 'enhle'.
• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme (njenge-beta blockers) inganciphisa namazinga e-HDL.

Ingabe i-HDL ephezulu ngokweqile nayo iyinkinga?

Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuhle ukuba ne-HDL ephezulu, ezimweni ezingavamile, amazinga e-HDL aphezulu ngokungavamile (isb., aphezulu kakhulu kuno-80 mg/dL) angaba uphawu lwezimo ezithile zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle embikweni wakho we-cholesterol, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Kulungile, ngakho-ke yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sandise i-HDL?

Uma izinga lakho le-HDL liphansi, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ulinyuse. Lezi zinhle kakhulu empilweni yakho iyonke.

1. Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza ukuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili, imizuzu engama-30-60 ngosuku, izinsuku eziningi zesonto.

2. Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Lokhu kuyinto okumele uyenze. Uma usuyekile ukubhema, amazinga akho e-HDL azokhula kancane kancane.

3. Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile: Ukwehlisa isisindo akugcini nje ngokwandisa i-HDL, kodwa futhi kukuvikela nakwezinye izifo eziningi, njengesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.

4. Yamukela ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okunoshukela, kanye nokudla okusheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikhundleni salokho, faka imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele (ukolweni ophelele, i-oats), inhlanzi, ukwatapheya, namafutha anempilo afana namafutha omnqumo ekudleni kwakho.

5. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela.

Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuhlola amazinga akho e-cholesterol okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye izici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa njalo.