Ukulindela umntwana kungenye yezikhathi ezijabulisa kakhulu empilweni yakho. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba wakho udlula ezinguqukweni eziningi. Ngalezi zinguquko, ngezinye izikhathi ungazizwa wesaba kancane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinkinga zenhliziyo. Abantu abaningi besaba ngokungadingekile ngoba abazi okuningi ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngesifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kalula nangokucacile.
Iyini isifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Kalula nje, noma iyiphi inkinga ethinta inhliziyo yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iwela kulesi sigaba. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Izimo zenhliziyo ezazikhona ngaphambili: Lezi yizimo zenhliziyo owawunazo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi azizange zikubangele izimpawu noma izinkinga ezinkulu ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko ezenzeka emzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lezi zimo zingakuthinta ngendlela ehlukile futhi zibangele izinkinga.
2. Isifo senhliziyo esiqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Lezi yizimo obungenazo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe futhi ezikhula phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Nakuba ezinye zazo zingenangozi, ezinye zingaba yingozi.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi iningi labesifazane abanesifo senhliziyo bangakhulelwa ngokuphephile futhi bazale umntwana onempilo, kodwa kudinga iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele kanye nokubhekwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Eqinisweni, emazweni afana ne-United States, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komama.
- Ukufa okukodwa kwabathathu okuhlobene nokukhulelwa kubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo.
- Isifo senhliziyo sithinta cishe ukukhulelwa okungu-4 kwabayi-100.
- Izici ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala (ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba), kanye nokuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala kwandisa kakhulu le ngozi.
Ungesabi ukufunda lezi zinto. Lezi yizinto zokukwenza uqaphele. Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ake siqonde ukuthi kwenzekani enhliziyweni yakho nasemithanjeni yegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kwenzekani enhliziyweni yakho nasemithanjeni yegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Umzimba wakho udlula ezinguqukweni eziningi ezimangalisayo phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lezi zinguquko zibeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe emzimbeni wakho futhi inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile. Lezi zinguquko zivamile. Zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ekhula esibelethweni ithola umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezifanele.
- Ukwanda komthamo wegazi: Umthamo wegazi lomzimba wakho uqala ukwanda kusukela emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi lakho usukhuphuke cishe ngo-40% - 45%. Khumbula, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi lakho lidinga ukwanda kanye nomntwana wakho.
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo:Kuvamile ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho likhuphuke ngokushaya okungu-10-20 ngomzuzu phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane, kufinyelela esicongweni ngesikhathi sekota yesithathu.
- Umphumela Wenhliziyo: Lesi yisilinganiso segazi inhliziyo yakho esiphompa ngomzuzu. Lokhu kunganda ngo-30% kuya ku-50% phakathi kwamasonto angama-28 nama-34. Uma ukhulelwe amawele, lokhu kunganda ngamaphesenti angama-60.
Lezi zinguquko zingakwenza uzizwe izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala).
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi uyacinana (i-Dyspnea).
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha).
Nakhu lapho kuba khona ukudideka okuncane. Lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu ezifanayo zingaba yizimpawu zesifo senhliziyo . Ngakho-ke, noma unezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo senhliziyo, ungase ucabange, "O, lokhu kumane kuhlobene nokukhulelwa." Yingakho isifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa siyingozi kangaka. Kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi uphawu luvamile noma into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo.
Uma unesifo senhliziyo esivele sikhona, usengozini enkulu yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le ngozi incike ohlotsheni lwesimo onaso kanye nobunzima baso.
Kuthiwani uma unesifo senhliziyo esivele sikhona?
Ezinye izifo zenhliziyo zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma unezinye zezimo ezibalwe ngezansi, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezingozi nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso
Lezi yizinkinga zenhliziyo yakho onayo lapho uzalwa. Ezinye zazo zingaba zincane, kanti ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Izingane ezinezimo ezibucayi zivame ukwelashwa zisencane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inhliziyo ingasasebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ngakho-ke uma unesifo senhliziyo ozalwa naso, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Uzokudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo. Bazohlola ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwakho futhi bakunike iseluleko esidingekayo.
Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa yilezi:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo
- Ukukhubazeka komntwana osanda kuzalwa noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Izimo ezinobungozi obuphansi:
- I-stenosis encane ye-valve yamaphaphu.
- Ngiphathe ngempumelelo "izimbobo enhliziyweni" - (Atrial Septal Defects - ASDs) kanye (Ventricular Septal Defects - VSDs).
- Iphathwe ngempumelelo (i-Patent Ductus Arteriosus - PDA).
Izimo ezinobungozi obukhulu:
- I-stenosis ye-aortic valve ene-aortic valve e-bicuspid.
- Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta.
- I-Tetralogy of Fallot (eyelashwe).
- Ukuguqulwa kwemithambo emikhulu (okwelashwayo).
Kunezinye izifo eziningi zenhliziyo ozalwa nazo ezingekho kulolu hlu. Ngisho noma isimo sakho singabhalwanga lapha, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa.
I-cardiomyopathy
I-cardiomyopathy iyimbangela ehamba phambili yezinkinga ezinkulu kanye nokufa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ingozi incike ohlotsheni onalo kanye nobunzima balo. Uma unalesi simo, khuluma ngezingozi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Isifo Se-Valve Yenhliziyo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo ezingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho. Ezinye izifo ezincane ze-valve azithinti ukukhulelwa, kanti ezinye izimo ezingathi sína zandisa ingozi. Uma unomlando wesifo se-valve, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kuphephile yini ukukhulelwa.
Abanye besifazane bangase babe ne-valve yenhliziyo yokufakelwa. Badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi iphakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi, ukuba ne-valve yokufakelwa kwandisa leyo ngozi nakakhulu. Amanye ama-blood thinner (ama-anticoagulant) asetshenziswa kulokhu angaba yingozi enganeni. Ngakho-ke, uma une-valve yokufakelwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuhlela ukukhulelwa.
Yiziphi izifo zenhliziyo ezintsha ezingavela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Ngisho noma ungakaze ube nesifo senhliziyo ngaphambilini, ungase ube nezinkinga ezintsha zenhliziyo noma zemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) | Kuthinta cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabayi-10 abakhulelwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningana: - Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme oqala ngemva kwamasonto angama-20. - I-Preeclampsia: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, iphrotheni emchameni, noma umonakalo kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Uma lokhu kuhambisana nokuquleka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-Eclampsia . - Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongapheli:Umfutho wegazi ophakeme obekulokhu ukhona kusukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. |
| Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa | Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ayenzeka ngemva kwamasonto angama-20 okukhulelwa. Uma engelashwa, izinkinga zingavela kokubili kumama nakumntwana. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmias) | Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo. Okuvame kakhulu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) . |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithambo yenhliziyo okuzenzekelayo (SCAD) | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila lapho udonga lomthambo wegazi oluhambisa igazi enhliziyweni ludabuka khona. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lokubeletha. |
| I-Cardiomyopathy Yesikhathi Sokubeletha | Uhlobo lokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okwenzeka ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha. Kwenzeka kwabesifazane abangenaso isifo senhliziyo ngaphambilini. |
| Amahlule egazi (i-DVT kanye ne-Pulmonary Embolism) | Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunengozi enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) emithanjeni ejulile yomzimba (ngokuvamile emilenzeni). Uma leli qhubu legazi liya emaphashini, libizwa ngokuthi (Pulmonary Embolism - PE) . Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. |
Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ezinye izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zokukhulelwa ezivamile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
| Izimpawu ezivamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa | Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zibonise ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo |
|---|---|
| - Ukukhathala ngokweqile - Ukuchama njalo - Ukuphefumula okuncane - Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala (i-Edema) | - Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngisho noma uphumule - Ubunzima bokuphefumula obukuvusa ebusuku - Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhlala imizuzwana engaphezu kwengu-30 - Ukuquleka - Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina - Umbono ofiphele |
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki , ungakushayi indiva. Shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Isinyathelo esisheshayo ngesikhathi esinjengalesi singasindisa impilo.
Tshela udokotela wakho ngazo zonke izimpawu ozizwayo. Kungaba kuhle uma ungabhala lezi zinto encwadini.
- Uphawu oluzwayo.
- Usuku nesikhathi.
- Ubunzima bayo (ngesilinganiso esingu-1-10).
- Lokho owawukwenza ngaleso sikhathi (isib., ukuzivocavoca, ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole, ukuphumula).
Indlela yokuphatha isifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Isifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singaphathwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuzinakekela wena. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:
- Ungaphuthelwa ukuya emihlanganweni yezokwelapha: Kuzodingeka uqashwe udokotela wezifo zokubelethisa kanye nodokotela wezifo zenhliziyo. Ungaphuthelwa ukuya emihlanganweni. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo (ama-echocardiogram) ukuze uhlole ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani.
- Gwema ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungakhuluphala kangakanani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Gwema ukucindezeleka: Gwema izinto ezikukhathazayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Thola izindlela zokuzola ingqondo yakho. Uma udokotela wakho ekuvumela, izinto ezifana ne-yoga yangaphambi kokubeletha zingaba usizo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokudla okufanele ukudle nokungafanele ukudle. Ngokuvamile, yehlisa usawoti, ushukela, amafutha agcwele, kanye namafutha e-trans.
- Ukuzivocavoca ngokuphephile: Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlobo zokuzivocavoca ezifanele wena nokuthi kufanele uzenze kangaki. Kufanele ugweme imisebenzi ebeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu enhliziyweni yakho.
Imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukuthatha imithi yakho oyinikezwe udokotela njengoba uyalelwe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwakho lokuphatha. Eminye imithi yenhliziyo ayiphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho udokotela wakho angenza izinguquko emithini yakho.
Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi engaphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- (Izithibi ze-ACE)
- (Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers - ama-ARB)
- (Abaphikisi be-Aldosterone)
- Ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa igazi, njenge-Warfarin
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungayeki noma uqale noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe ngenkathi uthatha omunye wale mithi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Cabanga ngempilo yakho ngemva kokubeletha kanye nangempilo yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
Ezinye izinkinga zingavela kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha umntwana ezelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokubeletha. Ngisho noma umatasa kakhulu noma ukhathele phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungaphuthelwa yizinsuku okufanele ubonane nodokotela ngazo.
Ukuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isimo esihlobene naso njenge-preeclampsia noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.
- Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo ngo-68%.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo ngo-67%.
- I-Preeclampsia yandisa ingozi yokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo ngo-75%.
Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zinombolo. Zicabange njengesibonakaliso sesixwayiso. Sebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifweni zenhliziyo esikhathini esizayo. Uma uke waba nesimo esifanayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemva kokubeletha ingane yakho bese uhlolwa isifo senhliziyo. Ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, futhi uma kudingeka, uqhubeke ubona udokotela wenhliziyo, ungahlala uphilile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma unesifo senhliziyo futhi uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho manje. Funda ngezingozi nokuthi ungasiphatha kanjani isimo sakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngisho noma ungenaso isifo senhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinkinga zenhliziyo ezingalindelekile. Ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ukunciphisa izici zakho eziyingozi, kanye nokukhulelwa okuphephile nokunempilo, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo senhliziyo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukukhulelwa yisikhathi lapho inhliziyo yakho icindezeleke kakhulu. Lokho kuvamile.
- Izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala kanye nesicanucanu ezivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo. Qaphela lokhu.
- Uma unesifo senhliziyo esivele sikhona, ngaphambi kokukhulelwaNgokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela wenhliziyo bese uthola iseluleko.
- Yelapha ubuhlungu besifuba, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya okukhulu ngisho noma uphumule njengezimo eziphuthumayo . Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Ungaqala noma uyeke noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Ngisho nangemva kokubeletha umntwana, cabanga ngempilo yakho. Ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhleliwe.
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