Ingabe uvame ukuba nokopha ekhaleni? Ingabe uthola amabala abomvu esikhumbeni sakho? Ingabe lokhu kungaba yi-HHT (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)?

Ingabe uvame ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni? Noma ingabe unamabala amancane abomvu esikhumbeni sakho, ikakhulukazi ebusweni bakho, ezindebeni nasezintweni zeminwe? Mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba wakho, noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho ube nalezi zinkinga. Singase singazinaki kakhulu lezi zinto, sithi, "O, leso yisizukulwane sethu nje." Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesizathu sezokwelapha ngemuva kwalokhu okufanele sisiqaphele. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esingavamile kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sisiqaphele. Leso yi-HHT, noma i-Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia .

Kalula nje, iyini i-HHT?

I-HHT yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Sithinta kakhulu indlela imithambo yethu yegazi, noma imithambo yegazi, eyakheka ngayo. Cabanga ngohlelo lwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Kunemithambo yegazi, njengemigwaqo emikhulu, kanye nemithambo yegazi, njengemigwaqo emikhulu. Imigwaqo emincane, emincane eseceleni exhumanisa le migwaqo emibili emikhulu ibizwa ngokuthi ama-capillaries.

Okwenzekayo kumuntu one-HHT ukuthi lezi zixhumanisi ezibucayi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary azakheki kahle. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile, okungajwayelekile, nokubuthakathaka phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuxhumana okungaguquki kahle kwe-Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) .

Lawa ma-AVM angakhula kunoma yisiphi isitho emzimbeni wethu, isibonelo ekhaleni, emaphashini, emathunjini, noma ngisho nasebuchosheni. I-AVM encane kakhulu ekhula ebusweni besikhumba ibizwa ngokuthi i-Telangiectasia . Lawa amabala amancane abomvu avela ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sakho, njengezindebe. Le mithambo yegazi ebuthakathaka ingaqhuma kalula kakhulu. Uma iqhuma futhi yopha, ingabangela ngisho nezimo ezibucayi, kuye ngokuthi ikuphi.

Lesi sifo sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-5,000 emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abatholakali, kukholelwa ukuthi kungase kube neziguli eziningi. Singavela kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala nanoma yiluphi uhlanga. Sibizwa nangokuthi i-Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome .

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo se-HHT?

Izimpawu ze-HHT zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngokuthi imithambo yegazi engavamile (ama-AVM) esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni ikuphi emzimbeni. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezingathi sína kakhulu.

Ake sihlukanise lezi zimpawu kuthebula elingezansi.

Kungani i-HHT yenzeka?

Lokhu kungokwezakhi zofuzo ngokuphelele.Kubangelwa yinto ethile. Okusho ukuthi, akusona isifo esithelelanayo. Kuyinto ezuzwe njengefa kubazali eya ezinganeni. I-HHT isifo esibangelwa yi-gene evelele (isifo esiyinhloko). Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma omunye wabazali bakho enalesi sifo, unethuba elingu-50% lokuthola lesi sifo futhi.

I-HHT ibangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni ezimbili zofuzo (i-gene ethi `ENG` kanye ne-gene ethi `ACVRL1`), futhi ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu.

Uma une-HHT, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwenzeka kokuthi izingane zakho zizoyithola njengefa.

I-HHT ihlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela angase akusole lokhu ngemva kokuzwa ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando womndeni. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu.

Udokotela wakho uzosola ukuthi une-HHT uma okungenani unezintathu zalezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukopha kwamakhala okuphindaphindiwe.
• Ukuba khona kwama -telangiectasias amaningi ezindaweni zesikhumba lapho kuvame ukuvela khona amabala (ubuso, izindebe, iminwe).
• Ukuba ne-AVM noma i-Telangiectasia esithweni somzimba ngaphakathi (njengamaphaphu, ubuchopho, isibindi).
• Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eliseduze (umama, ubaba, umfowabo nodadewabo) one-HHT.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa lesi sifo

Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezithile, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuskena nge-Ultrasound: Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ama-AVM esibindini.
• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Siwusizo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni ama-AVM ebuchosheni.
• I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Ingathola izithombe ezicacile zezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwebhamuza (i-Echocardiogram): Lolu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-AVM emaphashini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HHT?

Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ayikho ikhambi le-HHT. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, zinciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, futhi zikusize uphile impilo evamile.

Ngesikhathi ulapha izimpawu zakho zamanje, udokotela wakho uzohlola nanoma yiziphi i-AVM ezifihliwe okungenzeka ukuthi azinazo izimpawu okwamanje.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha:

• Uma uphuma igazi ekhaleni njalo: Sebenzisa amafutha okugcoba kanye ne-saline spray ukuze ugcine ikhala limanzi.
• Nge-Anemia: Nikeza amaphilisi okufaka esikhundleni sensimbi noma, uma kudingeka, umfake igazi.
• Ukuqeda ukopha: Ukwelashwa nge-laser (`Ablation`) kubhubhisa imithambo yegazi emincane ephuma igazi.
• Ukufakwa kwe-Embolization: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvimba umthambo wegazi okuholela ku-AVM esengozini yokopha noma ukuqhuma kwento ekhethekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukususa noma ukunciphisa amanye ama-AVM.
• Ukuyeka imithi ethile: Imithi efana ne-aspirin enciphisa ukujiya kwegazi kungadingeka iyekwe ngokwelulekwa udokotela.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-HHT

Umuntu one-HHT angadinga ukubhekwa nokwelashwa impilo yakhe yonke, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, iziguli ze-HHT zinesikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila.

Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni?

• Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ugweme imithi ekhulisa ukopha (isib. i-aspirin, ama-NSAID).
• Gcina impumulo yakho imanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ekhaya, ukusebenzisa ama-saline nasal sprays, kanye nokusebenzisa amafutha anqunywe udokotela wakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Gcina idayari ukuze ubone ukuthi ukudla noma imisebenzi ethile iyakwandisa yini ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni lakho.

Uma utholakale une-HHT, kubaluleke kakhulu ukweluleka wonke umndeni wakho ukuthi nawo uyohlolwa, ngoba uma lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavinjelwa.