Wake wezwa ukuthi ilungu elilodwa, mhlawumbe amabili noma amathathu, lomndeni wakho linesifo somdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu? Noma ingabe uyesaba kancane ngoba unomlando womndeni womdlavuza? Eqinisweni, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olukhethekile lomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu oludluliselwa ezizakhini zethu zofuzo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-HNPCC.
Kuyini i-HNPCC?
Kalula nje, i-HNPCC (i-Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) uhlobo lomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu olubangelwa izinguquko ezithile (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lona umdlavuza owenzeka emathunjini ethu amakhulu (ikholoni).
Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyafana yini ne-Lynch Syndrome?
Cishe uke wezwa i-Lynch Syndrome kaningi kune-HNPCC. Lezi zibili zihlobene kakhulu, kodwa azifani ncamashi. Cabanga ngale ndlela. I-Lynch Syndrome iyiphutha lofuzo emizimbeni yethu. Yisimo sofuzo esanda ingozi yomdlavuza.
I-HNPCC yigama elinikezwa isimo lapho umuntu one-Lynch Syndrome eba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu noma eminye imidlavuza ehlobene nayo (njengomdlavuza wesibeletho noma wamathumbu amancane), ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-50. Imidlavuza ye-HNPCC ivame ukukhula ohlangothini lwesokudla lwamathumbu amakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, i-Lynch Syndrome iyimbangela yezakhi zofuzo zalesi sifo. I-HNPCC yisimo somdlavuza esibangelwa yileso sizathu.
Ivame kangakanani i-HNPCC? Ziyini izimpawu?
I-HNPCC ibangela phakathi kuka-2% no-4% wabo bonke umdlavuza we-colorectal obikwe emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba lesi simo singavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50.
I-HNPCC ingase ingabi nazimpawu ezithile ezigabeni zokuqala, kodwa njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, lezi zimpawu zingase zivele.
| Isibonakaliso | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa | Ukungakhululeki esiswini njalo, ubuhlungu, noma umuzwa wokuqunjelwa. |
| Isifiso sokudla | Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Igazi elisesihlahleni noma esihlahleni esimnyama uma uya endlini yangasese. |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi evamile. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca. |
Kungani i-HNPCC ikhula? Ingabe iyathelelana?
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izakhi zofuzo zethu. Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengesakhiwo esakhiwe ngokwecebo elikhulu. Incwadi equkethe lelo cebo yi-DNA yethu. Sibiza imiyalelo kule zakhi zofuzo ze-DNA.
Abantu abane-Lynch Syndrome banesici ezizakhini eziningana ezithile zofuzo (`MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` kanye ne-`EPCAM`) ezilungisa amaphutha ku-DNA. Uma lezi zakhi zofuzo zingasebenzi kahle, amaphutha ku-DNA (`amaphutha okuphindaphinda kwe-DNA`) ayenzeka lapho amangqamuzana ethu ehlukana awalungiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la maphutha ayaqoqana futhi iseli elivamile liba sengozini enkulu yokuba iseli lomdlavuza.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-HNPCC ayisona isifo esithelelanayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayisabalali kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye njengomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, i-gene enephutha eliyibangela ingadluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma noma yimuphi umzali ene-Lynch Syndrome, ingane inethuba elingu-50% lokuthola leso gene. Uma izuza leso gene, leyo ngane isengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HNPCC noma eminye imidlavuza ehlobene nayo esikhathini esizayo.
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Udokotela uzoqala akuhlole. Uma kusolwa ukuthi unomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu yi -colonoscopy . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elincane nge-anus bese usebenzisa ikhamera ukuhlola ingaphakathi lamathumbu amakhulu.
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-HNPCC, udokotela uzobheka nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Umlando womdlavuza womndeni:Uzobuzwa nakanjani ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho oseduze, njengomama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini, oke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu noma omunye umdlavuza ohlobene ne-Lynch Syndrome ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-50.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unezinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezibangela i-HNPCC.
- Ukuqeda ezinye izimo: Njenge-HNPCC, kunesinye isimo somdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi i-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) . Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, kuzokwenziwa nokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-HNPCC hhayi i-FAP.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-HNPCC ne-FAP?
Nakuba zombili ziyizimo zofuzo zomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, izakhi zofuzo ezibangela lokhu zihlukile. Umehluko omkhulu inani lama-polyp akhula emathunjini amakhulu.
| Isici | I-HNPCC (i-Lynch Syndrome) | I-FAP |
|---|---|---|
| Usayizi wama-polyp | Zimbalwa kakhulu noma azikho nhlobo izithelo (ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kwe-10). | Kukhiwa amakhulu, mhlawumbe izinkulungwane zamantongomane. |
| Ukuba umdlavuza | Izimila ezimbalwa zingaba umdlavuza ngokushesha. | Uma kungelashwa, kunethuba eliyi-100% lokuthi esinye salezi zimila sizoba nomdlavuza. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HNPCC?
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-HNPCC ukuhlinzwa (i-colectomy) . Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ngokuhlinzwa ingxenye noma wonke umathumbu lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukususwa kwengxenye yekholoni: Ukususwa kwengxenye yekholoni kuphela lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona.
- I-colectomy ephelele: Ukususwa kwamathumbu amakhulu wonke.
- Ukususwa kwamathumbu amakhulu kanye ne-rectum: Ukususwa kwamathumbu amakhulu kanye ne-rectum.
Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa ngemithi ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kungaphumelela kakhulu kumdlavuza we-HNPCC.
Liyini ikusasa lomuntu one-HNPCC?
I-Lynch Syndrome yisimo sofuzo esingenakwelashwa. Yisimo esihlala impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa kungelapha umdlavuza we-HNPCC futhi kuvimbele umdlavuza wamathumbu esikhathini esizayo.
Umuntu one-HNPCC usengozini yokuthola ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ngaphezu komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Yingakho udokotela wakho ezokutshela ukuthi uhlolwe njalo.
- Umdlavuza we-endometrial
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesisu
- Umdlavuza wezinso, ubuchopho, isibindi kanye nesikhumba
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutholwa kusenesikhathi . Uma uhlolwa ngesikhathi, noma yimuphi walo mdlavuza ungatholakala kusenesikhathi futhi welashwe ngempumelelo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abangu-60% abatholakale bene-HNPCC baphila iminyaka emi-5. Futhi phakathi kuka-70% no-88% wabantu abanomdlavuza wamathumbu ngenxa ye-Lynch Syndrome baphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukutholakala nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
Yini engenziwa ukuze kugwenywe futhi kulawulwe le ngozi?
Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela lokhu. Kuyinto esiyizuza njengefa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uvimbele umdlavuza noma uwuthole kusenesikhathi.
- Qaphela umlando womndeni wakho: Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-Lynch Syndrome noma i-HNPCC, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese ubuza ukuthi udinga yini ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
- Qala ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi: Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-Lynch Syndrome, udokotela wakho uzokutusa ukuthi uqale ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu (i-colonoscopy) useneminyaka engama-20.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Lezi zinto zisiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza:
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo okucebile ngemifino nezithelo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Qaphela izimpawu: Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HNPCC yisifo somdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu esibangelwa yisici sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Lynch Syndrome.
- Uma ilungu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lomndeni wakho lithole umdlavuza wamathumbu ngaphambi kokuba lifinyelele eminyakeni engu-50, khuluma nodokotela ukuze ubone ukuthi nawe usengozini yini.
- Lesi simo asithelelani, kodwa kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi izingane zizozuza ifa lofuzo elibangela ingozi.
- Ngokuhlolwa ngesikhathi esifanele, umdlavuza ungatholakala usesesigabeni sokuqala futhi izimpilo zingasindiswa.
- I-HNPCC ingelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
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