Iningi lethu liyesaba uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza. Siphinde sibe nokwesaba okukhulu kokwelashwa ngemisebe . Kuvamile ukucabanga, "O, ingabe lokhu kuzothinta nezingxenye zomzimba ezinempilo?" Kodwa ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buthuthuke kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngohlelo olukhethekile lokwelashwa ngemisebe oluhlose ngqo isimila somdlavuza futhi lunciphise umonakalo ezithweni ezinempilo ezizungezile. Lokho kuyi-3D-CRT.
Iyini le 3D-CRT?
Kalula nje, i-3D-CRT iyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu esetshenziswa ukuhlela i-External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) yomdlavuza. Akuyona indlela yokwelapha ngokwayo, kodwa uhlelo lokwelapha .
Cabanga uya kumthungi ukuze akuthungele ingubo. Uthatha izilinganiso zakho eziqondile bese elungisa ingubo ukuze ikufane kahle, akunjalo? I-3D-CRT injalo. Lapha, odokotela be-radiation oncologists bathola umbono obanzi (3D) wesimila sakho somdlavuza kanye nezitho ezinempilo ezisizungezile.
Ukuze uthole lokhu kubukwa kwe-3D, kusetshenziswa izithombe ezivela ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga ezifana ne-`CT (Computed Tomography)` scan, ` MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)` scan, noma i-`PET ( Positron Emission Tomography )` scan. Isofthiwe yekhompyutha ekhethekile ihlaziya lezi zithombe futhi idale `imephu ye-3D` yobukhulu obuqondile, ukuma, kanye nendawo yomdlavuza.
Le mephu ye-3D ivumela imisebe yemisebe ukuthi iqondiswe ngqo esimila somdlavuza, okunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa imisebe ezithweni ezinempilo ezizungezile njengamaphaphu, inhliziyo nesibindi .
Yiziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa i-3D-CRT?
Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza basebenzisa le ndlela yokuhlela ye-3D-CRT ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki khona. Iphinde inikeze ukwelashwa ngemisebe okuhleliwe ukuze kuncishiswe isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (`ukwelashwa kwe-neoadjuvant`) noma ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa (`ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant`).
Ngezansi kunezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ezisetshenziswa i-3D-CRT.
| Uhlobo Lomdlavuza | Ulwazi olwengeziwe |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza wendunu | Ukuhlela ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. |
| Umdlavuza we-rectal | Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. |
| Umdlavuza webele | Ezimweni lapho ingozi yokuphinda ivele khona iphezulu ngemva kokwelashwa. |
| Umdlavuza we-Colorectal | Uma sesisakazekele emaphashini noma esibindini futhi ukuhlinzwa akunakwenzeka. |
| Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo | Isibonelo: Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal kanye ne-Nasopharyngeal. |
| Umdlavuza wesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Isibonelo: Umdlavuza wesinyi kanye nomdlavuza we-bile duct. |
| Umdlavuza we-prostate | Kusetshenziswa kokubili ezimweni zokuqala nezithuthukile. |
| Umdlavuza wamaphaphu | Njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki. |
| Eminye imidlavuza | Iphinde isetshenziswe kweminye imidlavuza efana ne-'Ewing sarcoma', 'Vulvar cancer', 'Wilms tumor'. |
Isetshenziswa kanjani i-3D-CRT ekuhleleni ukwelashwa?
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuhambisa kule nqubo yokuhlela ye-3D-CRT isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
1. Ukudala Imephu Ye-3D
Okokuqala, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izithombe ezivela kuma-scan akho e-CT ne-MRI ziyathathwa bese uhlelo lwekhompyutha ludala imephu ye-3D yesimila. Le mephu ifakwa emshinini oletha imisebe (i-`Linear Accelerator`).
2. Inqubo yokulingisa
Lokhu kufana nokuzijwayeza umdlalo. Uzobekwa etafuleni lokwelashwa futhi ubekwe njengoba uzokwamukela ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Kuleli qophelo, imephu ye-3D izosetshenziswa ukunquma indawo eqondile kanye ne-engeli yemisebe yemisebe.
3. Ukufaka izimpawu zesikhumba
Ngesikhathi sokulingisa, ithimba lezokwelapha lizobeka amamaki amancane kakhulu, afana namachashazi esikhumbeni sakho. Lawa ngokuvamile amamaki amancane ('ama-tattoo') abukeka njengama-tattoo ahlala njalo . Ungakhathazeki uma uwabona. Lawa abekwa ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngakunye, umsebe wemisebe uzoqondiswa ngqo lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhona, ngaphandle kokunyakaza ngisho nemilimitha. Lawa mamaki azokusiza ukuthi ugcine umzimba wakho usesimweni esifanayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngakunye.
Ingabe i-3D-CRT ibangela imiphumela emibi?
Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde lapha ukuthi i-3D-CRT iyindlela yokuhlela , hhayi ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, azikho imiphumela emibi eqondile ebangelwa inqubo yokuhlela ye-3D-CRT.
Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngemisebe okunikezwa ngokwalolo hlelo kungabangela eminye imiphumela emibi. Nakuba i-3D-CRT inciphisa kakhulu umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo, umonakalo othile usengenzeka. Imiphumela emibi eyenzeka incike endaweni yomzimba ephathwayo.
| Umphumela Ongemuhle | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathala | Isimo esivamile esenzeka njengoba umzimba ulwa namaseli omdlavuza futhi ngenxa yokwelashwa. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho kwelashwa indawo yesisu. |
| Isifiso sokudla | Ukwelashwa kungabangela izinguquko ekunambithekeni. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Kungenzeka lapho kwelashwa indawo yekhanda. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba | Ubomvu, ukoma, ukulunywa, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokwelashwa. |
| I-Dysuria | Kungenzeka lapho welapha isisu esingezansi noma indawo ye-pelvic. |
| Uhudo | Kungenzeka lapho kwelashwa indawo yamathumbu. |
Izinzuzo kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje be-3D-CRTs
Inzuzo enkulu yendlela ye-3D-CRT ukuthi ihlose isimila ngokunembe kakhulu futhi inciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini eziphilile ezizungezile.
Kodwa-ke, namuhla kunezindlela zokuhlela ukwelashwa ngemisebe ezithuthuke kakhulu kune-3D-CRT. Enye yazo yi-'Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)'.
I-IMRT isebenzisa imisebe eminingi emincane (ama-beamlets) esikhundleni somsebe owodwa omkhulu. Ukuqina kwemisebe nakho kungalungiswa. Kufana nokudweba isithombe ngemibala emincane, ehlukahlukene yopende, kunombala owodwa. Lokhu kuvumela i-IMRT ukuthi ilethe imisebe efanelana kangcono nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesimila. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi i-IMRT ingaba nemiphumela emibi embalwa kakhulu.
Kodwa ukuthi i-3D-CRT, i-IMRT, noma enye indlela ikulungele yini kunqunywa yithimba lakho lezokwelapha umdlavuza. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo, indawo, kanye nosayizi womdlavuza wakho.
Uma unikezwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma ithimba lezokwelapha ngale nqubo. Kuzoba impumuzo enkulu kuwe ukwazi konke ngokucacile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-3D-CRT akuyona indlela yokwelapha ngemisebe, kodwa iyindlela yokuhlela enembayo kakhulu, enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D).
- Lokhu kuhlasela isimila somdlavuza futhi kunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa imisebe ezithweni ezizungezile ezinempilo.
- Le nqubo yokuhlela ihlanganisa ukuskena izithombe ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI, kanye nokufaka amamaki amancane esikhumbeni ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokwelashwa.
- Imiphumela emibi ibangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe okunikezwayo, hhayi inqubo ehleliwe. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yomzimba ophathwayo.
- Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele. Ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo.
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