Uke wezwa ukuthi amalungu amaningana omndeni wakho athole umdlavuza we-colon, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50? Noma ingabe kukhona ukwanda okukhulu komdlavuza wesibeletho phakathi kwabesifazane emndenini wakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma sizwa izinto ezinjengalezi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kunokwesaba ukuqaphela lokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esikhethekile sengozi yomdlavuza esingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-HNPCC.
Iyini ngempela i-HNPCC?
Kalula nje, i-HNPCC isifinyezo se- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer . NgesiSinhala, isho into efana nokuthi "Herreditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer." Kodwa lawo magama ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke masikhumbule nje ngokuthi i-HNPCC.
Lena ingozi yomdlavuza engazuzwa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ezakhiweni zethu zofuzo. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amathumbu amakhulu, okuyingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu akho. Kodwa igama elithi "Nonpolyposis" lisho "non-polyposis". Isizathu salokhu ukuthi, ngokuvamile, ukukhula okuncane okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-polyps" kwakheka emathunjini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umuntu one-HNPCC akabi nenani elikhulu lalawo ma-polyps, kodwa usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.
Ngakho-ke ingabe i-Lynch syndrome nayo i-HNPCC?
Yebo, la magama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa esimweni esifanayo. Kodwa kunomehluko omncane wobuchwepheshe. I-Lynch syndrome yisimo sofuzo esibangela lokhu. Okusho ukuthi, uma umuntu ene-gene mutation ehlobene ne-Lynch syndrome, unengozi enkulu yokuba nesimo somdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi i-HNPCC.
Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 eba nomdlavuza ohlotshaniswa ne-Lynch syndrome, njengomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, umdlavuza we-endometrial, umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane, noma umdlavuza we-ureteral, umndeni kuthiwa unesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-HNPCC. Lezi zimdlavuza zivame ukukhula ohlangothini lwesokudla lwamathumbu amakhulu.
Sivame kangakanani lesi simo? Ziyini izimpawu?
I-HNPCC ibangela u-2% kuya ku-4% wabo bonke umdlavuza we-colorectal emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe umdlavuza we-colorectal ongu-2 kuya ku-4 kuwo wonke angu-100 ubangelwa yilesi sici sofuzo. Nakuba singathinta noma ubani, sivame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50.
Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-HNPCC ivame ukungabi nazimpawu. Yileyo ngxenye eyesabekayo kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, ungase uqale ukuzwa izimpawu ezinjengalezi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa | Ubuhlungu besisu obungapheli, obungachazeki noma umuzwa ongapheli wokugcwala. |
| Isifiso sokudla | Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Ukubona amabala egazi amnyama noma amasha esitulweni sakho. Ungakushayi indiva lokhu ngokucabanga ukuthi ama-hemorrhoids. |
| Ukukhathala okuvamile | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokulala kahle noma ukuphumula. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma wehlisa isisindo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca, kufanele ukhathazeke. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza. Kodwa uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Kungani i-HNPCC ikhula? Ingabe iyathelelana?
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izakhi zofuzo zethu. Cabanga ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nencwadi enkulu, futhi izakhi zofuzo ziyimiyalelo ebhalwe kuleyo ncwadi. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu asebenza ngokwale miyalelo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuba namaphutha esipelingi (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kule miyalelo.
Imizimba yethu ivame ukuba nezakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile ezingabona futhi zilungise la maphutha. Njengomuntu ofunda incwadi ehlola amaphutha. Ku-Lynch syndrome, lezi yi- MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, kanye ne-EPCAM.Uma lezi zakhi zofuzo okuthiwa "ezilungisayo" ziba nephutha, azikwazi ukulungisa amanye amaphutha lapho amangqamuzana ehlukana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa maseli anephutha anamathuba amaningi okuqongelela futhi abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Lesi akusona isifo esithathelwanayo. Awukwazi ukusithola ngokudla ukudla noma ukuba nomuntu one-HNPCC. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela lokhu kungadluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Cabanga ukuthi umama noma ubaba banalokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Khona-ke kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi omunye wabantwana babo uzozuza leso sakhi sofuzo. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma kunezingane ezimbili, oyedwa wabo angazuza lesi sakhi sofuzo esiyingozi. Yingakho abantu abaningana emindenini enjalo beba nomdlavuza.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-HNPCC?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, into yokuqala azokwenza ukulalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese ehlola umzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazobuza imibuzo eminingi mayelana nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.
- "Ingabe umama wakho, ubaba wakho, izingane zakini zike zaba nomdlavuza?"
- "Uma kunjalo, kwakuwuhlobo luni lomdlavuza? Waqala uneminyaka emingaki?"
- "Bangaki abantu emndenini wakho abake baba nomdlavuza?"
Le mibuzo ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba uma amalungu omndeni amaningana eke aba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu noma wesibeletho, ikakhulukazi esemncane, udokotela angase asole i-HNPCC.
Okulandelayo, isivivinyo esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa ukuthi unomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu yini yi -colonoscopy . Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola wonke umathumbu amakhulu usebenzisa ithubhu enekhamera encane enamathiselwe. Uma kutholakala noma yini esolisayo, ucezu oluncane lwezicubu luyathathwa bese luthunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze luhlolwe (i-biopsy).
Ukuqinisekisa isimo se-HNPCC, kudingeka izivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese kuhlolwa izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-Lynch syndrome.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zesimila: Uma kukhona umdlavuza, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayahlolwa ukuze kutholakale izimpawu ezithile ezihlobene ne-HNPCC.
3. Ukususa ezinye izimo: Kukhona esinye isimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) . Ku-FAP, amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-polyp akhula emathunjini. Lokhu akwenzeki ku-HNPCC. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zimo ezimbili onazo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HNPCC?
Uma umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uvela ngenxa ye-HNPCC, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza nezicubu ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-colectomy . Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukususwa kwe-Partial Colectomy: Ingxenye yekholoni lapho umdlavuza ukhona kuphela esuswayo.
- I-Colectomy ephelele:Ikholoni lonke liyasuswa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kumuntu one-HNPCC ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola omunye umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukususwa kwesisu: I-rectum isuswa kanye namathumbu amakhulu.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kungadingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi enamandla yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukuphumelela emdlavuza obangelwa yi-HNPCC.
Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, udokotela wakho uzonquma indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Uzosihlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho futhi akunikeze uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele kakhulu.
Izinto okufanele umuntu ohlala ne-HNPCC azazi
Uma utholakale une-HNPCC, kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu kunomuntu ojwayelekile yokuthola umdlavuza wamathumbu, hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kufanele kube yingxenye yempilo yakho.
Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ngalezi zomdlavuza:
- Isibeletho
- Isibeletho
- Isisu
- Uhlelo lwezinso kanye nomchamo
- Ubuchopho
- Isikhumba
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu lapha ukutholakala kusenesikhathi . Ngokuhlolwa njalo, noma ngabe umdlavuza uqala ukuvela, ungatholakala esiteji sokuqala kakhulu. Khona-ke amathuba okwelashwa nokwelashwa ngokuphelele aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Lynch syndrome ayinakwelapheka, njengoba kuyinto esezakhini zethu zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza obangelwa yi-HNPCC ungelapheka. Ukuhlinzwa okufana nokuhlinzwa kwe-colectomy okuphelele nakho kungavimbela umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Ngingayilawula kanjani ingozi yami?
Uma unomlando womndeni we-HNPCC noma i-Lynch syndrome, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Uzonquma ukuthi udinga yini ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
Uma kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi une-Lynch syndrome gene mutation, udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi uqale ukuhlola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, njenge-colonoscopies, eminyakeni yakho yama-20.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yomdlavuza ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo:
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo (faka imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber).
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Thola zonke izivivinyo ezinconywe udokotela ngesikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HNPCC iyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu esibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo (i-Lynch syndrome) okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Lesi akusona isifo esithelelanayo. Kodwa-ke, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi izingane zizozuza ifa lofuzo elibangela lesi sifo kubazali bazo.
- Uma amalungu amaningana omndeni wakho eke aba nomdlavuza wamathumbu noma umdlavuza wesibeletho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-50, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu njalo, igazi esitulweni, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki.
- Abantu abane-HNPCC basengozini enkulu yokuthola ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ngaphezu komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kungasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo.
- Ingozi yomdlavuza ingancishiswa ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokugwema ukubhema.
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