Cishe usulizwile igama elithi 'cholesterol' kaningi, akunjalo? Kodwa uma udokotela wakho ethi 'hyperlipidemia', ungase udideke kancane. Ungakhathazeki, la magama amabili asho into efanayo. Kalula nje, kusho ukuthi igazi lakho linenani elikhulu lamafutha, noma 'ama-lipid' njengoba siwabiza kanjalo. Lesi yisimo esivamile kakhulu esibonakala kubantu abaningi ezweni lakithi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-lipid egazini?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamafutha, noma amafutha egazini lethu. Cabanga ukuthi igazi lethu lifana nomgwaqo. Kunezimoto ezinhle nezimbi kulo mgwaqo.
- I-cholesterol ye-HDL: Lena "i-cholesterol enhle." Ifana neloli likadoti. Iqoqa i-cholesterol engafuneki eqongelele emithanjeni yegazi lakho bese iyiletha esibindini. Isibindi sisusa leyo cholesterol engafuneki emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke ukuba nezinga elihle le-HDL kuhle kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.
- I-cholesterol ye-LDL: Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "i-cholesterol embi." Kufana nemoto eshiya udoti yonke indawo emgwaqweni. Le cholesterol ye-LDL inamathela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi ziyanqwabelana bese ziqala ukuvimba ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvula indlela yezifo ezinkulu njengesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Ama-Triglycerides: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu. Akhiqizwa kakhulu ukudla okunamafutha noshukela esikudlayo. Ukudla okuningi kakhulu kwalokhu akukuhle emzimbeni.
- I-cholesterol ye-VLDL: Njenge-LDL, lokhu kubhekwa njengohlobo lwe-cholesterol "embi". Uma lokhu kuphakeme, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyanda.
Kungani siba ne-Hyperlipidemia? Ziyini izimbangela?
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ezinye izinto esingazilawula, kodwa ezinye izinto esingenakukwazi ukuzenza.
| Uhlobo lwesizathu | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ukudla | Ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans amaningi. Izibonelo: ushizi, izikhupha zamaqanda, ukudla okuthosiwe, ukudla okucutshunguliwe, i-ayisikhilimu, imikhiqizo yokubhaka, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube). |
| Indlela Yokuphila | Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokweqile. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, i-hypothyroidism, i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), kanye ne-lupus. |
| Eminye imithi | Eminye imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme (ama-Beta-blockers, ama-Diuretics), amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, eminye imithi ye-HIV. |
| Izimbangela zofuzo ezivela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane | Abanye abantu bathola lesi simo njengefa kubazali babo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Familial Hyperlipidemia'. Laba bantu banamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol besebancane kakhulu futhi basengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-hyperlipidemia?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyesabekayo lapha yile: Abantu abaningi abanalesi simo ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni.
Ngokuvamile, lesi simo asibangeli zimpawu ekuqaleni. Yingakho singaba “njengombulali othule.” Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela okungaqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile.
Kodwa izinkinga ziqala ukuvela lapho amafutha eqoqana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi eyivimba, okuyenza ingelashwe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezibucayi ezifana nalezi:
- Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD): Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni iyancishiswa ngenxa yokugcwala kwamafutha. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo ekutholeni umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingayo. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina) noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Ama-plaque anamafutha (ama-plaque) akheke emithanjeni yegazi angaqhuma ngokuzumayo futhi akhe i-blood clot. Uma leli qhubu legazi livimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni yenhliziyo, kuba ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ubuhlungu obuphuma emhlathini, ehlombe, noma engalweni, ukujuluka, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho ihlule legazi liphuma futhi livimba umthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Lokhu futhi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
- Ukugcwala kwamafutha esikhumbeni: Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezimweni zomndeni ezine-cholesterol ephezulu. Kungabonakala njengezigaxa eziphuzi eduze kwamehlo (xanthelasmas) noma izigaxa ezindololwaneni, emadolweni, nasezandleni (xanthomas).
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi une-hyperlipidemia yini ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Lipid Profile' noma 'i-Lipid Panel'. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla amahora angu-9-12.
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici ezifana neminyaka yakho, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni ukuze anqume ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol asengozini yini.
| Ukuhlolwa | Izinga eliphilile (mg/dL) | Izinga lengozi (mg/dL) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Cholesterol Ephelele | Ngaphansi kuka-200 | 240 noma ngaphezulu |
| I-LDL ("embi") I-Cholesterol | Ngaphansi kuka-100 (ngaphansi kuka-70 kulabo abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo) | 160 noma ngaphezulu |
| I-HDL ("enhle") i-cholesterol | Owesilisa: Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 Owesifazane: Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-50 (ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 kuyinto ekahle) | Owesilisa: Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 Owesifazane: Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 |
| Ama-triglycerides | Ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-150 | 200 noma ngaphezulu |
Silawula kanjani lesi simo?
Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulawula lokhu. Eyokuqala ukushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila. Eyokuqala ukuphuza imithi njengoba kunqunywe udokotela, uma kudingeka.
1. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lezi yizinto ongazizenzela wena. Lezi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa.
- Ukudla okuhle: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kakhukhunathi kanye namafutha esundu. Nciphisa ukudla okuthosiwe, inyama ebomvu, ushizi, ibhotela, amakhekhe, namabhisikidi. Esikhundleni salokho, yidla ukudla okune-fiber eningi. Ama-oats, irayisi elinsundu, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, kanye nobhontshisi konke kuhle.
- Yidla izinhlanzi: Ukudla izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon, i-tuna, i-mackerel, kanye ne-sardine okungenani izinsuku ezimbili ngesonto kungasiza ekunciphiseni ama-triglycerides.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Thola okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukubhukuda. Uma ukuthola kunzima ukukwenza konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuhlukanise kube yimizuzu eyi-10-15 bese ukwenza izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
- Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala: Ukuyeka ukubhema kuzokwandisa i-cholesterol yakho enhle (i-HDL). Kubalulekile futhi ukuyeka ngokuphelele noma ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Lawula isisindo sakho: Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, ukunciphisa isisindo kuwusizo olukhulu ekulawuleni i-cholesterol.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Gcina impilo yengqondo yakho iphilile ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla kanye ne-yoga.
2. Imithi enikezwa udokotela
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nokushintsha indlela yokuphila kungase kunganeli ukulawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi.
- Ama-statin: Lolu uhlobo lwemithi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Asebenza ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol esibindini.
- Eminye imithi: Ngaphezu kwama-statin, kuneminye imithi efana ne-Ezetimibe, i-Fibrates, kanye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okulungele wena.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ewuyalile, isikhathi esibekiwe. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi wakho noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyperlipidemia izinga eliphezulu lamafutha egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi i-cholesterol "embi" (i-LDL) kanye ne-triglycerides.
- Ngokuvamile, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.
- Lesi simo singatholakala kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula (Lipid Profile).
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokuyeka ukubhema, yizinyathelo zokuqala nezibaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kokushintsha indlela yokuphila, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze imithi oyinikezwe udokotela.
- Ukulawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni ezingathi sína njengesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ngalokhu.
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