Wake wacabanga ukuthi sinebutho elincane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu lokulwa nezifo? Kukhona ibutho elinjalo ngempela. Lelo yisimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Leli butho linezithunywa ezithile ezikhethekile ezaziyo ukuthi isifo siza nini futhi zithumele umlayezo kwabanye ngaso. Lezo zithunywa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-interferons. Namuhla sikhuluma ngala ma-interferons amahle kakhulu.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi interferons?
Ama-Interferon amaprotheni akhethekile akhiqizwa amangqamuzana ethu, ikakhulukazi amasosha omzimba wethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lawa “amaprotheni abonisa izimpawu.” Lapho igciwane noma igciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, noma lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza eqala ukukhula, amangqamuzana omzimba wethu akhiqiza la ma-interferon futhi atshele amanye amangqamuzana ukuthi, “Nansi isitha, lungelani impi!”
Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi “ama-interferon” ngoba “ziphazamisa” umsebenzi wamagciwane afana namagciwane. Okusho ukuthi, zivimba amagciwane ukuthi angaphindaphindeki emzimbeni, okungukuthi, angasabalali.
Kodwa into emangalisayo ukuthi, ososayensi bakwazile ukukhiqiza le interferon, ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu, ngokwenziwa elabhorethri. I-Interferon eyenziwe ngale ndlela yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengokwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ngo-1986. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le interferon yokwenziwa ibilokhu isetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kusebenza kanjani?
Cabanga nje ukuthi igciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho. Ngaleso sikhathi, amangqamuzana afana namangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi akhipha le interferon. Le interferon iyahamba futhi ithumele isignali kumangqamuzana athelelekile yileli gciwane, kanye nakumaseli anempilo azungezile.
Uma lesi siginali simukelwa, izindlela zokuzivikela ezingaphakathi kwalawo maseli ziyavuselelwa. Zithumela umyalezo nakwamanye "amasosha" ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela (isibonelo, olunye uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine) oluthi, "Kunenkinga lapha, woza uzobhubhisa lesi sitha."
Yilokhu okwenziwa yi-interferon yokwenziwa odokotela abayinikezayo njengokwelashwa.
- Zivuselela amasosha omzimba wethu, okubangela ukuba ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma abahlaseli bamagciwane.
- Kuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza namagciwane ukuthi angahlukani, okungukuthi, akhule.
- Kusiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana anempilo ekuthelelekeni.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-interferons.
1. I-Interferon-alpha
2. I-Interferon-beta
3. I-Interferon-gamma
Nakuba uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Interferon-lambda lusanda kutholakala, lusesesigabeni sokucwaninga.
Yiziphi izifo eziphathwa nge-interferon?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo ze-interferon lusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini. Ngidale leli thebula ukuze lolu lwazi lube lula ukuluqonda.
| Uhlobo lwe-interferon | Izifo nezimo ezilashwayo |
|---|---|
| I-Interferon-alpha |
|
| I-Interferon-beta | |
| I-Interferon-gamma |
Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Udokotela wakho uvame ukukunikeza lokhu kwelashwa kwe-interferon njengomjovo . Kunganikezwa njengomjovo emisipheni yakho, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Ngezinye izikhathi kunganikezwa njengomjovo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokufundisa ukuthi ungawujova kanjani ekhaya. Uma wenza kanjalo, uzonikezwa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kokuthi ungawulungiselela kanjani futhi uwujove kanjani umuthi.
Uhlobo lwe-interferon onikwa yona, umthamo, isikhathi osidingayo ukuyithatha, kanye nokuthi udinga ukuyithatha kangaki ngesonto kuzoncika esimweni sakho sezokwelapha. Leso sinqumo sizokwenziwa udokotela okwelaphayo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa nge-interferon kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi zemiphumela ethile emibi.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwelashwa
Kalula nje, lokhu kwelashwa kuqinisa uhlelo lokuzivikela lwemvelo lomzimba wethu futhi kusiza ukulwa nezifo.
- Kusiza amasosha omzimba ukuthola nokuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza namagciwane.
- Kuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza namagciwane ukuthi angasabalali futhi akhule emzimbeni.
- Kuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali emaseli anempilo.
Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
Eminye imiphumela emibi ingase ivele uma usebenzisa ukwelashwa nge-interferon. Iningi lale miphumela lingokwesikhashana.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile.
Abantu abaningi babhekana nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuthola umjovo. Lokhu kungase kuhlale cishe amahora angama-24. Kodwa-ke, ungase ubhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha
- Ukugodola
- Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele (i-alopecia).
Izimo ezibucayi ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela emibi emincane eshiwo ngenhla, kunezinkinga ezinkulu ezingavela kaningi ngokwelashwa nge-interferon, kodwa kumelwe sizazi . Uma unezinye zezimo zezokwelapha ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngazo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-interferon.
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nomfutho wegazi ophansi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa. Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha kakhulu.
- Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo:Ezinye iziguli ezithola lokhu kwelashwa ziye zabhekana nokucindezeleka noma imicabango yokuzibulala. Uma unenkinga yempilo yengqondo ekhona kakade, udokotela wakho uzobe eqapha impilo yakho yengqondo njalo phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa. Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma ucindezelekile, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Izimo zamehlo: Uma unesifo samehlo, njenge-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela, i-interferon ingenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo njalo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Isifo se-thyroid: Abanye abantu bangase babe ne-thyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile (i-hyperthyroidism) noma i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism). Udokotela wakho uzohlola amazinga akho e-thyroid hormone ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
- Izifo zamaphaphu: Uma unezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia, lo muthi ungase uzenze zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokugcina uhlolwe njalo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi udokotela uzonquma ukukunikeza ukwelashwa kwe-interferon ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela zonke izinzuzo nezingozi ezingaba khona. Kuphela uma benquma ukuthi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho lapho bezoqala khona lokhu kwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Interferon ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu. Afana "nezithunywa" ezilwa nezifo.
- I-Interferon, ekhiqizwa emalabhorethri, iwumuthi onamandla osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningana, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ne-multiple sclerosis.
- Kuvamile ukuzwa imiphumela emibi efana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba lapho uthola lokhu kwelashwa. Ungakhathazeki ngalokhu, kodwa yazisa udokotela wakho.
- Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sengqondo, isifo samehlo, isifo se-thyroid, noma isifo samaphaphu, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-interferon.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okutholayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ungagcini lutho kuwe.
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