Konke okudingeka ukwazi nge-Lassa Fever! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Kumelwe ukuba uzwile ngezifo ezingajwayelekile kanye nobhubhane olusakazeka emazweni angaphandle. Ezinye zazo zikwenza uzizwe wesaba kancane, akunjalo? Nokho, le "Lassa Fever" ingumkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane obikwayo, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ngenhlanhla kithi, akukaze kube nemibiko yokuqubuka okunjalo phakathi kwethu eSri Lanka. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe uma wena noma othile omaziyo kufanele aye ezindaweni ezinjalo, lolu lwazi luzoba usizo. Ngakho-ke, ingabe sizokhuluma kabanzi ngale Lassa Fever?

Iyini i-Lassa Fever?

Kalula nje, umkhuhlane we-Lassa uyisifo esibangelwa yigciwane. Uvame ukubonakala emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika. Umkhuhlane we-Lassa ungoweqembu lamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi ``Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF)`` . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma utheleleke ngalolu hlobo lwegciwane, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba ungase wophe igazi ngendlela engalawuleki.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola umkhuhlane weLassa ozophuma igazi kakhulu. Iningi labantu (cishe abangu-80 kwabayi-100) lizozwa izimpawu ezincane nje njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Kodwa-ke, cishe kubantu abangu-20%, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kungandisa ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu kanye nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Lesi sifo sisakazeka kakhulu ngendle ('indle nomchamo') yamagundane athelelekile. Singadluliselwa futhi ngokuxhumana noketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane.

Ivame kangakanani i-Lassa fever?

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, lokhu kubonakala eNtshonalanga Afrika. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abaphakathi kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu (100,000) kanye namakhulu amathathu ezinkulungwane (300,000) emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika bathola umkhuhlane weLassa minyaka yonke. Akukaze kube nemibiko yokuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka sivela emazweni afana neMelika noma kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuba abantu ezweni lethu besabe kakhulu lokhu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane weLassa?

Cishe abantu abangu-80% abathola umkhuhlane weLassa babhekana nezimpawu ezincane nezincane, okuhlanganisa:

• Imfiva
• Ukukhathala
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, cishe abantu abangu-20% bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima. Lezi zimbi kakhulu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, intamo, noma isisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu noma uhudo
• Ukopha okuvela emlonyeni, ekhaleni, emehlweni, noma kwezinye izimbotshana
• Ukuquleka ( okufana nokulingana)
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo

Yini ebangela umkhuhlane weLassa?

Imbangela yalesi sifo igciwane le-Lassa (LASV) . Leli gciwane lithwalwa kakhulu uhlobo olukhethekile lwegundane elibizwa ngokuthi i-'Mastomys' (abanye abantu balibiza nangokuthi 'amagundane e-multimammate') elihlala emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika.Leli gciwane le-Lassa lingalimaza imithambo yegazi yakho. Linganciphisa nekhono legazi lakho lokujiya. Yingakho uqala ukopha ngokungalawuleki.

Umkhuhlane weLassa udluliselwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko ongathola ngazo umkhuhlane we-Lassa:

1. Ngokuthinta indle noma umchamo wamagundane athelelekile. Lokhu kungangcolisa ukudla, amanzi, noma izindawo esizithintayo.

2. Ngokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane le-LASV. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ngokocansi, kanye nokuthintana nendle yakhe, umchamo, noma igazi.

Cabanga nje, lapho umuntu noma isilwane singenwe yileli gciwane, lingahlala emchameni wabo isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singasakazeka nasezikhungweni zezempilo njengezibhedlela uma imikhuba yokuhlanzeka ingalandelwa kahle, noma uma Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) ingasetshenziswa (noma ingekho).

Ubani osengozini yokuthola umkhuhlane we-Lassa?

Uma uhlala noma uhamba uye ezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga Afrika lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, usengozini yokuthola umkhuhlane we-Lassa. Amanye ala mazwe afaka:

• INigeria
• IBenin
• IGuinea
• ILiberia
• IMali
• ISierra Leone

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yomkhuhlane weLassa?

Ngisho nasezimweni ezincane zomkhuhlane weLassa, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu angase alahlekelwe ukuzwa ngokuphelele noma ingxenye . Lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo.

Abantu abanomkhuhlane weLassa onzima bangaba nezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa/Ukuphuphuma Kwesisu : Uma umama okhulelwe etheleleke ngegciwane le-Lassa, ukukhulelwa okungaphezu kuka-75% kugcina ngokuphuphuma kwesisu.
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze inhliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Ukuphuma kwe-Pleural
• Ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala kwezitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi (i-Hepatitis)
• Inani eliphansi lamaplatelet egazini (i-Thrombocytopenia): Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okungalawuleki.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungazelelwe (Ukulimala Kwezinso Okukhulu)
• Izinkinga zokusebenza kobuchopho (i-Encephalopathy)
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umzimba ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zokujiya kwegazi `(Ukujiya Kwemithambo Egazini Okusabalalisiwe/DIC)`
• I-Sepsis: Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba ekuthelelekeni.

Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu, ngoba uma bethola umkhuhlane we-Lassa, amathuba okuba umntwana osesiswini asinde aphansi kakhulu.

Umkhuhlane weLassa utholakala kanjani?

Udokotela uxilonga umkhuhlane we-Lassa ngokuhlola amasampula oketshezi lomzimba wakho ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zegciwane. Ukuze bathathe la masampula futhi benze izivivinyo, bangenza izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuthatha i-swab yomphimbo
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuthatha inani elincane loketshezi oluvela emgogodleni (Lumbar Puncture / Spinal Tap)

Umkhuhlane we-Lassa kungaba nzima ukuwuthola ngoba izimpawu zawo zifana nezezinye izifo, njenge-malaria, i-dengue, ne-Ebola. Ngakho-ke, uma uye endaweni lapho umkhuhlane we-Lassa uvame khona, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yileli gciwane, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nakanjani.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane weLassa?

Abahlinzeki bezempilo, okuhlanganisa odokotela nabahlengikazi, bavame ukwelapha umkhuhlane we-Lassa ngomuthi olwa namagciwane obizwa ngokuthi `(Ribavirin) `. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kuye ngesimo sakho. Isibonelo:

• Ukwelashwa nge-dialysis uma izinso zonakele
• Umoya-mpilo owengeziwe uma ukuphefumula kunzima
• Ukunikeza usawoti (i-IV fluids), imithi, noma izithasiselo zokulungisa ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte emzimbeni

Igciwane le-Lassa nokukhulelwa

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, abesifazane abakhulelwe kudingeka banake kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukuthi ingane esibelethweni isinde ekuthelelekeni komkhuhlane we-Lassa. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha njalo ukuthi akaboni yini izimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu. Uma kuphuphuma isisu, izicubu zombungu kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuzokwandisa amathuba okuba isimo sikamama sibe ngcono.

Kuye ngokuthi ukukhulelwa kuhambe ibanga elingakanani kanye nempilo kamama nengane, odokotela bangase batuse ukubeletha ingane kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungandisa amathuba okusinda kokubili kumama nengane.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola umkhuhlane we-Lassa?

Uma une-Lassa fever, abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo kanye nabanye abakunakekelayo kuzodingeka bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela (ezifana nama-masks, amagilavu, ama-goggles, nama-apron) nokuzihlukanisa nabanye .

Uma ukhulelwe, kufanele uqale ukwelashwa ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane ngokushesha. Izisebenzi zezempilo zizokuqapha ngokucophelela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu empilweni yakho kanye nokukhulelwa kwakho.

Kuzothatha isikhathi engingakanani ukuphola?

Iningi lamacala omkhuhlane weLassa alibi kakhulu. Ukululama kungathatha isonto noma ngaphezulu. Cishe ingxenye yalabo abalahlekelwa ukuzwa kwabo baphinde bazizwe phakathi namasonto ambalwa.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

Ngisho noma unezimpawu ezincane, kufanele ugweme ukuxhumana nabanye ngesikhathi ungasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Buza udokotela ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuba seduze nabanye futhi.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komkhuhlane weLassa?

Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abawutholi umkhuhlane we-Lassa ngendlela ebucayi, izinga lokusinda lihle. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokufa lincike ekutheni ugula kakhulu kangakanani kanye nezinye izici eziningana.

• Izinga lokufa kuzo zonke izimo (ezivamile nezinzima) licishe libe yi-1%. (Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe oyedwa kubantu abayi-100 abathola umkhuhlane we-Lassa uzofa).
• Izinga lokufa kwalabo ababi kakhulu kangangokuthi badinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela licishe libe ngu-15%. Lokhu kungaba phezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo.
• Izinga lokufa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe licishe libe ngu-33% (lokho kusho oyedwa kwabathathu).

Ingabe umkhuhlane weLassa ungavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungakwazi. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umkhuhlane we-Lassa ngokugcina indawo okuyo ingenazo izimpuku nangokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho unakekela umuntu ogulayo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Gwema ukuthintana namagundane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho umkhuhlane we-Lassa uvame khona.
• Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ihlanzekile futhi ihlanzekile. Gcina ukudla neziphuzo zimboziwe. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lezilwane ezifana namagundane angenayo.
• Uma unakekela umuntu onomkhuhlane we-Lassa noma umuntu ocabanga ukuthi unesifo , gqoka izembozo zokuzivikela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imaski, amagilavu, ingubo, izibuko ezingangenisi inkungu, kanye namabhuzu. Buza udokotela (noma inhlangano yakho uma usesikhungweni sezempilo) ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okudingeka uzithathe.
• Uma unegciwane le-Lassa, udinga ukuzihlukanisa nabanye ukuze ugweme ukulidlulisela kwabanye.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlala ezweni laseNtshonalanga Afrika, noma usanda kuya kwelinye, futhi unezimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Lassa, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma ukhulelwe, noma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, udokotela kufanele akwelaphe futhi akuqaphe eduze.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezibucayi, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha. Futhi, mtshele ukuthi ungase ube nomkhuhlane we-Lassa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, intamo, noma isisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu noma uhudo
• Ukuquleka kufana nokukhubazeka.
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungase ukuthole kuwusizo ukubuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwegciwane?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngizinakekela kanjani?
• Kuzothatha isikhathi engingakanani ukuphola?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi okufanele ngiziqaphele?

Umkhuhlane we-Lassa yisifo esingathinta abantu abahlala noma abavakashela amazwe aseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ngokuvamile awubi yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema izindawo lapho kukhona khona amagundane nangokugqoka imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE) lapho unakekela umuntu onomkhuhlane we-Lassa. Uma uya ezweni lapho umkhuhlane we-Lassa uvame khona, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela noma isikhulu sezempilo yomphakathi mayelana nokukhathazeka kwakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, manje usunomqondo omuhle nge-Lassa Fever esikhulume ngayo. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo, ngoba lesi akusona isifo esisakazeka ezweni lakithi. Kodwa, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqaphela.

• Umkhuhlane we-Lassa umkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane ovame kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika.
• Idluliselwa kakhulu ngendle yamagundane anesifo. Ingadluliselwa nangoketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onesifo.
• Iningi labantu liba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omncane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, kodwa inani elincane lingaba likhulu kakhulu.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu. Ukukhishwa kwesisu kungenzeka.
• Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-`Ribavirin`.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukuvimbela lokhu ukulawula amagundane nokugcina inhlanzeko. Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE) uma useduze nomuntu onegciwane.
• Uma uke waya eNtshonalanga Afrika futhi unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, shayela udokotela ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke, sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube wusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Umkhuhlane weLassa , Umkhuhlane weLassa, umkhuhlane wegciwane, umkhuhlane wegazi, izifo ezithwalwa amagundane, umkhuhlane wase-Afrika, izimpawu