Sonke sesizwile "nge-pneumonia," akunjalo? Abanye bethu kungenzeka ukuthi banayo. Ngokuvamile sicabanga nge-pneumonia njengesifo esisodwa. Kodwa empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamagciwane angabangela i-pneumonia. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwe-pneumonia olukhethekile kancane, futhi olungaba yingozi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Legionnaires' Disease." Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ngalo.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo samaLegionnaires?
Isifo seLegionnaires siwukutheleleka kwamaphaphu akho, uhlobo lwe-pneumonia uma sikhuluma iqiniso. Sibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi iLegionella . Uthola lesi sifo uma uphefumula amaconsi amancane amanzi aqukethe leli bhaktheriya.
Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu amaphaphu akho. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi singathinta nobuchopho bakho kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla (amathumbu). Kukhona esinye isifo esincane esibangelwa yileli gciwane leLegionella, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Pontiac fever . Asisibi njengalesi, sivela njengomkhuhlane ovamile bese sihamba. Kodwa i-Legionnaires' Disease ingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke kudingeka siqaphele ngaso.
Manje ungase uzibuze, "Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia evamile kanye ne-Legionnaires' Disease?" Umehluko usegciwaneni elibangela lesi sifo. I-Legionnaires' Disease yenzeka lapho igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Legionella lingena emaphashini. Nakuba iziguli eziningi ezibhedlela zinomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, ezinye izimpawu ezifana nohudo kanye nokudideka nazo zivamile kulesi sifo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Eqinisweni, noma ngabe amagciwane eLegionella akhona endaweni ezungezile, akuwona wonke umuntu ophefumulayo ozoba nalesi sifo. Uma amasosha omzimba wethu enamandla, azolwa nala magciwane futhi asivikele. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo kunabanye. Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani.
| Isigaba sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala | Njengoba sikhula, amasosha omzimba angokwemvelo ayancipha, okwenza sibe sengozini enkulu yokuthola amagciwane. |
| Abantu ababhemayo noma abake babhema esikhathini esidlule | Ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu onakele ngenxa yokubhema, awakwazi ukulwa nezifo. |
| Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka | Izimo ezifana ne-HIV, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, isifo sezinso noma sesibindi, noma imithi ethile (isib., imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, ama-steroid) zinganciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo. |
| Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona | Lokhu kutheleleka kungabathinta kakhulu abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu njenge-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) noma i-emphysema. |
| Abantu abaye balaliswa esibhedlela noma abahlala emakhaya asebekhulile | Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi la magciwane akhulele ezinhlelweni zamanzi zezakhiwo ezinkulu. |
| Abantu abasanda kuhlinzwa | Umzimba ungase ube buthaka okwesikhashana, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. |
| Abantu abafakelwa izitho zomzimba | Ngemva kokufakelwa isitho, umzimba unikezwa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ukuze uvimbele ekwenqabeni isitho esisha. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu kakhulu. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu zeLegionella ziqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyi-14 ngemva kokutheleleka yibhaktheriya. Nakuba lezi zifana neze-pneumonia, kunezici ezithile ezihlukile.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu:Umkhuhlane uvame ukuba ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (104 Fahrenheit).
- Ukukhwehlela: Kungase kuqale njengokukhwehlela okomile. Ngezinye izikhathi, igazi elincane lingaphuma ne-phlegm (hemoptysis).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane (ukuphelelwa umoya).
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha: Ubuhlungu obukhulu bungase buvele emzimbeni.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Kungase kube khona ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana ezihlukile kulesi sifo.
- Uhudo: Uhudo kanye ne-pneumonia luwuphawu olukhulu lweSifo samaLegionnaires.
- Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu: Ukuhlanza kungase kuhambisane nobuhlungu besisu.
- Ukudideka: Izimpawu ezihlobene nobuchopho ezifana nokudideka, ukucasuka, kanye nokungakwazi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphi noma ukuthi kunini kungase kwenzeke.
Ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuyimpawu ehluke kakhulu futhi engathi sína kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani? Into ebaluleke kakhulu!
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu wonke umuntu okudingeka ayazi. Isifo seLegionnaires akusona isifo esingasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukusithola ngokuba seduze nomuntu onaso, lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Sisakazeka endaweni ezungezile.
Amabhaktheriya e-Legionella atholakala ngokwemvelo emachibini, emachibini, emifuleni nasenhlabathini. Kodwa awasilimazi kakhulu uma ekulezo zindawo. Inkinga iqala lapho la mabhaktheriya engena ezindleleni zamanzi ezenziwe ngabantu futhi eqala ukukhula ngokushesha endaweni efudumele lapho.
Cabanga ngohlelo lokupholisa umoya (AC) ehhotela elikhulu, ehhovisi, noma esibhedlela. Lezi zinhlelo ezinkulu zisebenzisa amanzi ukuze zizipholise. Izinga lokushisa kulawo matanki amanzi liyindawo yokuzalela yaleli gciwane. Amaconsi amancane amanzi (amanzi afakwe umoya) avela kulawo manzi angasakazeka kulo lonke isakhiwo ngohlelo lokupholisa umoya. Lapho abantu bephefumula lowo moya, amabhaktheriya aya ngqo emaphashini abo.
Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi uma siphuza amanzi noma sigeza imilomo yethu, uma "sikhipha" amanzi ngengozi, okungukuthi, uma engena emgudwini womoya, angabangela ukutheleleka uma kukhona amagciwane kulawo manzi.
Leli gciwane litholakala kakhulu ku:
- Ama-hot tub: Leli gciwane likhula kahle emanzini ashisayo.
- Amakhanda eshawa kanye nama-pombi: Ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ishawa engakaze isetshenziswe isikhathi eside.
- Izinhlelo zomoya opholile (i-AC) kanye namanzi ezakhiweni ezinkulu: amahhotela, izibhedlela, izakhiwo zamahhovisi.
- Izici zamanzi zokuhlobisa: Izici zamanzi ezitholakala ezitolo ezinkulu.
- Ama-humidifier: Amadivayisi afaka umswakama emoyeni.
- Ezinhlanu:Kungabangelwa futhi, kaningi kakhulu, ukuhogela uthuli oluvela enhlabathini ngenkathi ulima ingadi.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola kuqala. Uzobuza nangomlando wakho wakamuva wohambo (isib., ingabe uhlale ehhotela?), umlando womsebenzi, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo.
Kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo kanye ne-sputum: Lolu ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu. Isampula yomchamo wakho ingahlolwa ama-antigen e-Legionella. Isampula ye-sputum yakho nayo ingathathwa futhi amabhaktheriya angakhuliswa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka ama-antibodies alwa namagciwane egazini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza futhi ukubona ukuthi izitho zomzimba (izinso, isibindi) zisebenza kanjani.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukubona ukuthi isimo se-pneumonia sinjani emaphashini nokuthi sesisabalale kangakanani.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ithubhu elincane elinekhamera encane enamathiselwe lidluliselwa emaphashini ngekhala noma emlonyeni, lapho kuthathwa khona isampula yamaseli bese kuhlolwa.
- I-Thoracentesis: Uma kukhona uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu (i-pleural effusion), kufakwa inaliti encane esifubeni bese kukhishwa inani elincane loketshezi ukuze kuhlolwe amagciwane.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-Legionnaires' Disease iyelapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic , kodwa kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Iziguli zivame ukwelashwa ngokulaliswa esibhedlela.
- Ama-antibiotic: Ekuqaleni, anikezwa njengama-antibiotic e-IV. Uma usuzizwa ungcono, ushintshelwa kuma-antibiotic omlomo. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Azithromycin, i-Levofloxacin, ne -Doxycycline .
- Ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen: Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, i-oxygen eyengeziwe inikezwa ngepayipi lamakhala noma imaski.
- Umoya Ongenisiwe: Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu futhi amaphaphu engakwazi ukusebenza eyedwa, isiguli singeniswa e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) futhi sixhunywe emshinini ukuze sisize siphefumule.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokululama?
Ngisho nangemva kokubuyela ekhaya usuka esibhedlela, kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi elwa namagciwane enqunywe udokotela wakho isikhathi sonke. Lokhu kuzosiza ukutheleleka ukuthi kuphele ngokuphelele.
Futhi, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba ululame ekuthelelekeni okubi kangaka. Izinyanga eziningana, ungase ubhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukukhathala
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba
- Izinkinga zokulinganisela lapho uhamba
- Ubunzima obuncane bokukhuluma
Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona zalesi sifo
Uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi noma uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, kungavela izinkinga eziningana ezisongela ukuphila.
- Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula: Amaphaphu awakwazi ukunikeza igazi inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo. Kulokhu, kudingeka umoya-mpilo owenziwe ngomshini.
- Ukulimala kwezinso okubukhali (AKI): Izinso azikwazi ukuhlunga ukungcola okuvela egazini. Lokhu kudinga imithi noma i-dialysis.
- I-Encephalopathy: Izimpawu ezifana nokudideka nezinkinga zokulinganisela zingaba zimbi kakhulu.
- Ukushaqeka Okubangelwa Yizifo: Ukutheleleka kusakazeke kulo lonke igazi, okwenza umfutho wegazi wehle ngendlela eyingozi, kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
- I-Rhabdomyolysis: Imisipha yonakele, futhi amaprotheni ayo angaqongelela egazini futhi alimaze izinso.
Lezi zinto zingase zesabe ukuzwa. Kodwa khumbula, uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa kahle, abantu abaningi bazolulama ngokuphelele. Uma singalashwanga, ingozi yokufa ingaba phezulu ngo-30% - 80%. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, le ngozi ingancishiswa ibe ngu-5% - 10%.
Kufanele uye nini kudokotela? Kufanele uye nini ku-ETU?
Uma unezimpawu zeSifo samaLegionnaires, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukukhwehlela, kanye nesifo sohudo, bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Futhi, uma usanda kuhlala ehhotela noma ehostela futhi kunezindaba zokuthi i-Legionnaires' Disease iyasakazeka lapho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu kakhulu
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
- Ukukhwehlela igazi
- Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo seLegionnaires yisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yibhaktheriya iLegionella. Sisakazeka ngokuphefumula amaconsi aqukethe igciwane.
- Lokhu akuthelelani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 ubudala, ababhemayo, kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (njengeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza) basengozini enkulu.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isifo sohudo, kanye nokudideka kuyizimpawu ezivamile.
- Lesi yisifo esingalapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane ophakeme, noma ukudideka, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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