Ingabe ukhona umuntu osekhulile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba, noma ugogo nomkhulu, okhohlwa kakhulu futhi obonakala ekhathazekile kancane? Ingabe kubonakala sengathi imilenze yakhe ihudula phansi lapho ehamba, futhi umzimba wakhe ubonakala uqinile kancane? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Ubani lowo ohlezi esihlalweni?" uma kungekho omunye umuntu ekamelweni? Uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi, cishe uzizwa wesaba. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi lesi yisifo se-Alzheimer, noma okunye. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esihambisana nalezi zimpawu ndawonye, kodwa okungakhulunywa ngaso kakhulu emphakathini. Leso yi-Lewy Body Dementia.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke kalula. Sinezigidi zamangqamuzana ebuchosheni bethu. Lawa maseli ayaxhumana ukuze alawule konke esikucabangayo, esikwenzayo, nesikwenzayo. Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Lewy body dementia (LBD), uhlobo olungavamile lweprotheyini olubizwa ngokuthi i-Lewy bodies luqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Cabanga ngakho njengenqwaba kadoti endlini yethu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni angafuneki kulimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho futhi kuwavimbele ekusebenzeni kahle. Lokhu kuthinta inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukunyakaza komzimba, kanye nokuziphatha.
Lesi yisifo esiqhubekayo . Okusho ukuthi, izimpawu aziveli ngokuzumayo. Ziqala kancane kancane futhi ziwohloke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-LBD uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lwe-dementia kubantu abadala, ngemuva kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, lokhu akusikho ukuguga okuvamile nje kuphela. Lesi yisimo sezokwelapha esingelashwa futhi silawulwe. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zale LBD.
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-LBD. Izimpawu zazo zombili zifana kakhulu. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziqala kuqala. Abanye abantu baqala ngezinkinga zokukhumbula kuqala, kanti abanye baqala ngezinto ezifana nobunzima bokuhamba kuqala.
Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
| Uhlobo lwe-LBD | Isici Esiyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Isifo sengqondo esihambisana nezidumbu zikaLewy (i-DLB) | Kulolu hlobo, izinkinga zokucabanga kanye nenkumbulo ziqala kuqala, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's. Izinkinga zokunyakaza, njengokuqina nokuthuthumela, ziqala kamuva, noma zingase ziqale ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinkinga zenkumbulo. |
| Isifo sikaParkinson esibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia | Kulolu hlobo, izinkinga zokunyakaza komzimba ziqala kuqala. Kufana nesifo sikaParkinson. Izinto ezifana nokuxhawulana, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nokuqina komzimba ziza kuqala. Izinkinga zenkumbulo nokucabanga ziza kamuva, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube unyaka kamuva. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zalesi sifo?
I-LBD ingavela nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zimpawu aziveli ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ezinye izimpawu zingaba khona ngolunye usuku bese zidlula ngolandelayo. Yileyo ndlela isifo esiba ngayo.
Ake sihlukanise lezi zimpawu zibe izingxenye.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Izinto okufanele uzibone |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu Zokuqonda | |
| Ukubona izinto ezingekho (Visual Hallucinations) | Lesi yisici esivame kakhulu sama-LBD. Sikwenza uzizwe sengathi ubona abantu, izilwane, noma izimo ezingekho lapho. |
| Ukushintshashintsha kokunaka kanye nokuqonda | Ngesinye isikhathi, ungase uqaphe kakhulu futhi ukhulume, kanti ngesinye isikhathi, ungase ulale kakhulu futhi uphazamiseke. Lezi zimo zingashintsha ngisho nangesikhathi esifanayo sosuku. |
| Ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo nokwenza izinqumo | Ukukhohlwa izinto, ukuba nobunzima bokwenza izinqumo, nokungakwazi ukuthola amagama. |
| Izimpawu Zokunyakaza | |
| Ukuqina komzimba | Imisipha iyaqina, okwenza kube nzima ukugoba noma ukuqondisa izitho. |
| Ukuthuthumela | Izandla ezithuthumelayo, ikakhulukazi lapho uphumule. |
| Ukunciphisa ukunyakaza | Isivinini sokuhamba kancane, ukuhudula izinyawo, ukuwa njalo nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi. Ukuntuleka kokubukeka kobuso. |
| Izinkinga Zokulala | |
| Isifo Sokuziphatha Kokulala Se-REM | Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni. Izinto ezifana nokuklabalasa ulele, ukukhuhla izingalo nemilenze, nokuwa embhedeni. |
| Ukulala ngokweqile emini | Ukuzizwa ulele kakhulu emini, noma ulala kahle ebusuku. |
| Izimpawu Zesimo Sengqondo Nokuziphatha | |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo kunoma yini, uhlale uzizwa udabukile futhi ukhungathekile. |
| Ukukhathazeka nokungaphumuli | Ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukukhohlisa | Ukukholelwa ngokuqinile ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso. Isibonelo, othile uzama ngasese ukukudlisa ushevu noma ukuntshontsha imali yakho. |
Kungani lesi sifo senzeka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Eqinisweni, odokotela abasazi isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nemizimba kaLewy ebuchosheni babo kanti abanye abasazi. Kodwa-ke, bathole ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingase zandise ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ubudala: Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 ubudala.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma isihlobo esiseduze emndenini wakho sike saba nesifo se-LBD noma i-Parkinson, ungase ube nengozi eyengeziwe kancane yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Izakhi zofuzo ezithile, njenge-`(APOE)` kanye ne-`(GBA)`, kutholakale ukuthi zandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu onalezo zakhi zofuzo uzothuthukisa i-LBD.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungaxilonga i-LBD ngokunembile. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzohlanganisa izici ezahlukahlukene, akhiphe ezinye izifo, futhi afinyelele esiphethweni esinembile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ithimba lochwepheshe abasebenza ndawonye.
Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukuhamba kanje.
1. Ukukhuluma ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha: Ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi zaqala nini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa: Lokhu kuzohlola inkumbulo yakho, ikhono lokucabanga, ibhalansi, kanye namandla emisipha.
3. Kuhlolwa izivivinyo ezahlukene:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ukuthi lezi zimpawu zibangelwa yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isib. ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, izinkinga ze-thyroid).
- Ukuskena kobuchopho: Ukuskena kwe-CT noma i-MRI kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ezinye izinkinga, njengesimila sobuchopho noma isifo sohlangothi. Ezinye izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuskena (i-SPECT, i-PET) nazo zinganikeza ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kobuchopho.
- Ucwaningo Lokulala: Lokhu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zokuhamba ulele.
4. Ukufuna usizo kodokotela abangochwepheshe:Ukufuna usizo kudokotela wezinzwa, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, noma udokotela wezifo zasebekhulile.
Ngokuhlanganisa lonke lolu lwazi, odokotela bangaphetha ngokuthi lokhu "kungenzeka kube yi-LBD."
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu?
Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kudabukisa, iqiniso liwukuthi alikho ikhambi le-LBD okwamanje, futhi ayikho indlela yokulivimbela ukuthi lingakhuli.
Kodwa ungavumeli lokho kukudikibalise! Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo kanye nezindlela zokuphatha ezingalawula izimpawu futhi zenze impilo ibe lula kakhulu esigulini nasemndenini waso.
Uhlelo lokwelashwa luthuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zesiguli kanye nesigaba sesifo.
Imithi
Udokotela angase anikeze imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu ezahlukene.
- Thuthukisa inkumbulo nokucabanga: Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi `(Cholinesterase inhibitors)` (isib. `rivastigmine`, `donepezil`) iyasiza abanye abantu.
- Ngezinkinga zokunyakaza: I-Carbidopa-levodopa, umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikaParkinson, ingasiza ekuqineni nasekuthuthumeleni.
- Ukulawula ukubona izinto ezingekho: Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-antipsychotic. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi kubantu abane-LBD, odokotela bayinikeza ngokucophelela okukhulu.
- Kokucindezeleka: Ama-antidepressant.
- Ngezinkinga zokulala: Imithi efana ne-`(Clonazepam)` kanye ne-`(melatonin)`.
Ukwelashwa Nokusekelwa
Njengemithi, lokhu kwelashwa kusiza nokwenza impilo ibe lula.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (ukudla, ukugqoka) ngokuzimela nangokuphepha.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amandla omzimba kanye nokulinganisela, kwenza ukuhamba kube lula, futhi kunciphisa ukuwa.
- Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Kusiza ngezinkinga zokukhuluma nokugwinya.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isimiso esizolile nesiqhubekayo . Lokhu kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka nokungahlaliseki kwesiguli.
Kunini lapho kungcono ukubona udokotela?
Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi umuntu osekhulile, eqala ukubona izinto ezingekho (ukubhula), kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekukhumbuleni, ekuhambeni, noma ekuziphatheni, sicela ungakuzibi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi ukhulume ngakho.
Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi une-LBD, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho noma izimpawu ezintsha, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho.
Izinto okufanele uzazi ngokuphila nalesi sifo
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siyathuthuka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungaba nzima ngesiguli ukwenza izinqumo sodwa nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nokuhlela ikusasa ngenkathi isiguli sisaphapheme engqondweni.
Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu one-LBD kuthiwa uphila iminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-8 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kodwa lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalokho.
Ukuphila nalesi sifo kuyinselele kokubili isiguli kanye nomndeni osinakekelayo. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukwesekwa, kanye nokwaziswa, lolu hambo lungenziwa lube lula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) ayigcini nje ngokukhohlwa izinto. Yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithinta yonke into kusukela ekukhumbuleni, ekunyakazeni, ekulaleni nasekuziphatheni.
- Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho kanye nokulingisa amaphupho kungaba yizimpawu eziyinhloko nezasekuqaleni zalesi sifo.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, kunemithi eminingi kanye nokwelashwa okungalawula izimpawu futhi kwenze impilo ibe lula.
- Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ehlushwa yilezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kuba lula ukusiphatha.
- Ukusekela isiguli kanye nabanakekeli kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugcina indawo ezolile kanye nesimiso esiqhubekayo kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu.
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