"O, dokotela, bengilokhu ngizizwa ngikhathele kakhulu isikhathi eside manje. Ngisho nokwenza umsebenzi omncane kungenza ngizizwe ngibuthakathaka. Umzimba wami uzizwa sengathi ufile." Ingabe ujwayelene nalolu hlobo lwendaba? Mhlawumbe nawe uhlushwa yilesi simo. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalo muzwa wokukhathala nobuthakathaka oqhubekayo kungaba ukwehla kwezinga le-hemoglobin emzimbeni wakho. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela wonke umuntu angayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-hemoglobin?
Ake sithi kukhona insizakalo yokulethwa kwezimpahla ethwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Izithuthi zaleyo nsizakalo yokulethwa kwezimpahla zingamaseli abomvu egazi egazini lethu. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ophethe amaphakethe omoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwaleyo nsizakalo ubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin . I-hemoglobin iyiprotheni ekhethekile etholakala ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Yilokhu okuthatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese uwuyisa kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani uma leli zinga le-hemoglobin lehla? Kufana namaphakethe e-oxygen ezinqoleni zokulethwa kwezidingo ehla. Ngemuva kwalokho amaseli ethu awatholi i-oxygen eyanele ukukhiqiza amandla awadingayo. Yingakho siqala ukuzizwa sikhathele, sikhathele, futhi sikhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kufanele libe yini izinga le-hemoglobin egazini?
Amazinga e-hemoglobin ayahluka kancane phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, amazinga anempilo alandelayo:
| Umuntu | Izinga le-hemoglobin eliphilile (gm/dL) | Kubhekwa njengezinga eliphansi |
|---|---|---|
| Amadoda | 14.0 - 17.5 gm/dL | Ngaphansi kuka-13.0 gm/dL |
| Owesifazane (ongakhulelwe) | 12.3 - 15.3 gm/dL | Ngaphansi kuka-12.0 gm/dL |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungasekeli izinqumo zakho kulezi zinombolo kuphela. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa i-hemoglobin ephansi, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngakho.
Kungani leli zinga le-hemoglobin lehla?
Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona ze-hemoglobin ephansi. Zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko.
1. Ukungakhiqizwa ngokwanele kwamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni
Umnkantsha wethu uyimboni eyenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Uma kukhona isifo esiphazamisa umsebenzi wale mboni, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuyancipha.
- Umdlavuza: Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, njenge -lymphoma , i-leukemia , noma i-multiple myeloma , amangqamuzana omdlavuza athatha umnkantsha wamathambo futhi aphazamise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
- Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli: Izinso zethu zikhiqiza i-hormone etshela umongo wamathambo ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Esifweni sezinso, le nqubo iyaphazamiseka.
- I-Aplastic Anemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anele.
- Imithi ethile: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza noma eminye imithi yokulwa namagciwane kungalimaza umongo wethambo.
2. Igazi eliphuma noma eliphuma emzimbeni
Uma silahlekelwa ngisho yigazi elincane, silahlekelwa yi-iron kanye ne-hemoglobin.
- Ukuya esikhathini: Abanye besifazane bangase babhekane nokwehla kwe-hemoglobin ngenxa yokopha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
- Ukopha kwangaphakathi: Ungase ungakwazi ukubona ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yento efana nesilonda, kodwa kungabangela nokwehla kwe-hemoglobin.
- Inxeba: Ukopha okubangelwa ukulimala okukhulu.
3. Ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu
Ngokuvamile, iseli elibomvu legazi liphila cishe izinsuku eziyi-120. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezifo ezithile, la maseli ayaphuka futhi abhujiswe ngokushesha.
- I-Splenomegaly: I-spleen iyisitho emzimbeni wethu esihlunga amangqamuzana abomvu amadala nawonakele. Uma i-spleen ivuvukala ngenxa yezifo ezithile, ingabamba futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amaningi kunokuvamile.
- I-Sickle Cell Anemia kanye ne-Thalassemia: Lezi yizifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengefa ezithinta isakhiwo se-hemoglobin.
4. Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo
Kunezakhamzimba eziningana ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin. Uma ungatholi okwanele ngokudla kwakho, i-hemoglobin yakho izoncipha.
- Ukuntuleka kwensimbi: Insimbi ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemoglobin. Isimo esenzeka lapho insimbi intula sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi .
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-B9 (folic acid): Lawa mavithamini nawo abalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli abomvu egazi.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho iphansi?
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe igazi . Udokotela wakho uzoyala i- Full Blood Count (FBC) . Lokhu kuzohlola inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi kanye namazinga e-hemoglobin. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izivivinyo, njenge -Hemoglobin Electrophoresis , zingenziwa ukuthola imbangela.
Yini engenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe amazinga e-hemoglobin?
Lokhu kwelashwa ngokuthola nokwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo ye-hemoglobin ephansi.
Ungazami ukwelapha i-hemoglobin ephansi wedwa. Ukuthatha amaphilisi ensimbi ngaphandle kokuxilonga imbangela kahle kungaba yingozi.
Udokotela uzothola imbangela bese enikeza ukwelashwa okufanele. Isibonelo:
- Uma unesifo sokushoda kwensimbi: Thatha izithasiselo zensimbi noma ukudla okunothe ngensimbi.
- Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Nikeza amaphilisi e-vitamin B12 noma i-folic acid.
- Uma unesifo sezinso: Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ungase unikezwe imijovo ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
- Uma kukhona ukopha: Kunikezwa ukwelashwa ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu: Kungadingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi.
Izinto ongazenza ekhaya
Kanye nokwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okucebile nge-iron kanye nezinye izakhamzimba.
- Inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo) kanye nezingxenye ezifana nesibindi, ama-gizzard
- Inhlanzi
- Imifino eluhlaza okotshani kanye namakhambi (isipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza okotshani, isipinashi)
- Imifino efana ne-lentile, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, ubhontshisi oluhlaza kanye nobhontshisi
- Izithelo ezomisiwe namantongomane njengezithelo zomvini, amadethi
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, ungazinaki.
- I-hemoglobin ephansi iyisibonakaliso, hhayi isifo. Kubalulekile ukuthola isimo sezokwelapha esibangela lokhu.
- Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa i-hemoglobin ephansi, qiniseka ukuthi uyayicacisa indaba bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.Bona udokotela wakho.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise amaphilisi ensimbi noma ezinye izithako zokudla ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo kusiza kakhulu ekugcineni amazinga e-hemoglobin anempilo.
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