Igama elithi 'cholesterol' liyaziwa kubantu abaningi ezweni lakithi manje, akunjalo? Sivame ukuzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi 'Ngine-cholesterol ephezulu', 'Ungadli ukudla okunamafutha ngoba uzothola i-cholesterol'. Kodwa iyini ngempela le cholesterol? Kungani iyingozi? Abantu abaningi abazi ngayo. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi imizimba yethu ayibonisi zimpawu yize i-cholesterol yethu iphezulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi siqaphele ngokugcwele lesi sitha esithule.
Iyini ngempela i-cholesterol?
Kalula nje, i-cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha atholakala egazini lethu. Iyadingeka ukwakha amaseli, ukuvikela imizwa, nokukhiqiza ama-hormone. Kodwa inkinga iqala uma sinawo amaningi kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol:
1. I-cholesterol ye-LDL (i-low-density lipoprotein): Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi" . Njengokungcola okubhajwa epayipini lamanzi, le cholesterol ye-LDL yakhela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu, iyinciphe futhi iyivimbele.
2. I-cholesterol ye-HDL (i-high-density lipoprotein): Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -cholesterol "enhle" . Isebenza ngokususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL embi emithanjeni yegazi bese iyihlanza. Kufana nesihlanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okubili, kukhona olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides . Njenge-LDL, uma lokhu kuphakeme, kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ngokuvamile, isibindi sethu sikhiqiza i-cholesterol esiyidingayo. Kodwa sithola ne-cholesterol eyengeziwe ekudleni esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okucutshungulwe (isib. ama-donuts, i-pizza eqandisiwe, amabhisikidi, ama-patties, ama-roll) kanye nokudla kwezilwane (ubisi, amaqanda, inyama). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le-cholesterol eyengeziwe ingaqala ukulimaza imizimba yethu ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho noma i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu, ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu. Ungase ube namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi lingakanani izinga le-cholesterol yakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ukwazi lezi zindinganiso kungakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo. Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukufa okuhlobene.
Ungazi kanjani izinga le-cholesterol egazini?
Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala, odokotela batusa ukuthi uhlolwe amazinga akho e-cholesterol okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-5 . Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okubizwa ngokuthi iphrofayili yamafutha . Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa okulandelayo mayelana nawe:
- Izinga le-cholesterol eliphelele
- Izinga le-cholesterol elibi (LDL)
- Izinga le-cholesterol le-HDL (elihle)
- Amazinga e-triglyceride
Kubalulekile ukuhlola i-cholesterol yakho ngisho nasezinganeni. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi izingane zihlole i-cholesterol yazo kanye zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-9 no-11. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi (phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-10).
| Izici eziyingozi ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kusenesikhathi ezinganeni | |
|---|---|
| Umlando womndeni | Uma umama noma ugogo ehlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma imithambo yegazi evalekile ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-65. Uma ubaba noma umkhulu enesifo esinjalo ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-55. Uma umzali noma ugogo enezinga le-cholesterol elingaphezu kuka-240 mg/dL. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Ukuba nezinye izimo ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. |
Amazinga akho e-cholesterol azokusiza wena nodokotela wakho ninqume ukuthi iyini ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuyehlisa. Isibonelo, uma izinga le-LDL lomuntu omdala lingu-190 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu, libhekwa njengeliphezulu kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe mayelana nokuqala imithi yokuyehlisa. Ngokufanayo, uma izinga lakho le-HDL (elihle) lingu-60 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu, ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo iyancipha.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-cholesterol ephezulu?
Izinto ezahlukahlukene zingabangela ukwanda noma ukwehla kwamazinga e-cholesterol.
Ukudla
- Amafutha agcwele kanye nama-carbohydrate alula: Ukunciphisa ukudla okunalezi zinto kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol egazini.
- Amafutha e-Trans: Gwema amafutha e-trans okwenziwa. Lawa akhuphula i-cholesterol. Hlola amalebula ezinto ezibhakiwe, ukudla okulula, i-pizza eqandisiwe, i-margarine, njll. Uma ilebula ithi "I-hydrogenated kancane," kusho ukuthi iqukethe amafutha e-trans.
- Amafutha amahle (Amafutha angagcwalisiwe): Lawa awakhuphuli amazinga e-cholesterol. Lawa mafutha amahle atholakala ezintweni ezifana namakinati, izinhlanzi, amafutha emifino, amafutha omnqumo, kanye nama-avokhado.
- Ushukela: Ukudla nokuphuza ushukela omningi kungakhuphula amazinga akho e-triglyceride.
- I-fibre: Ukudla okune-fibre eningi kusiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol. I-fibre ingatholakala kubhontshisi, imifino, izithelo, amantongomane, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila nezinye izici
- Isisindo esiningi: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo. Kuphinde kwandise amazinga e-cholesterol. Ukwehlisa isisindo kungasiza ekwehliseni i-LDL, i-cholesterol iyonke, kanye namazinga e-triglyceride.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo kunganciphisa i-cholesterol embi ye-LDL futhi kwandise i-cholesterol enhle ye-HDL. Zibekele okungenani amahora amabili nesigamu okuzivocavoca okulingene, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ngesonto.
- Ukubhema: Ukubhema kungakhuphula amazinga amafutha egazini (i-triglyceride) futhi kwehlise amazinga amahle e-cholesterol ye-HDL.
- Ubudala kanye nofuzo: Amazinga e-cholesterol avame ukukhuphuka njengoba sikhula. Ngezinye izikhathi i-cholesterol ephezulu ingaba yifa.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kanye nemithi: I-cholesterol inganda ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso, kanye nemithi ethile efana nama-steroids.
Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol
Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zinganele ukulawula i-cholesterol yakho, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele imithi. Inketho engcono kakhulu izoncika engcupheni yakho yesifo senhliziyo iyonke.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Ukusebenza kanye nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-statin | Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Zivimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol esibindini. Isibonelo: i-Atorvastatin, i-Rosuvastatin, ne-Simvastatin. |
| I-Niacin | Lokhu kuyivithamini B. Yehlisa i-LDL futhi yandisa i-HDL. |
| Ama-sequestrant e-bile acid | Ibopha inyongo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla futhi ivimbele ukumuncwa kabusha kwe-cholesterol. |
| Ama-Fibrate | Kusiza kakhulu ukunciphisa amazinga e-triglyceride. |
| Izithibi zokumunca i-cholesterol | Kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini. Isibonelo: I-Ezetimibe. |
Okubalulekile: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bemisipha obungachazeki ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, ngoba kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi njengokushintsha kokusebenza kwesibindi, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nokuqunjelwa. Futhi, gwema ukuphuza ijusi le-grapefruit ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo.
Izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol ephezulu
Uma i-cholesterol ikhula, ibekwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, inciphe kancane kancane futhi iqinise imithambo yegazi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Uma imithambo yegazi incipha ngale ndlela, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavimbeka. Izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa nenhliziyo yethu, zithola umoya-mpilo eziwudingayo egazini. Izinkinga ziyavela lapho lokhu kugeleza kwegazi kuvimbekile.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze ipompe igazi ngemithambo yegazi emincane.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina): Kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ingatholi igazi ne-oxygen eyanele.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi: Lokhu kungenzeka lapho ingxenye yamafutha iphuka noma kwakheka ihlule legazi, livimba ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi oholela enhliziyweni noma ebuchosheni.
- Isifo Semithambo Yezinzwa Ephakathi (i-PAD): Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ngisho noma i-cholesterol iphezulu, azikho izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo.
- Qaphela amazinga akho e-cholesterol "enhle" (HDL) kanye "nembi" (LDL). Umgomo kufanele kube ukwehlisa i-LDL embi nokwandisa i-HDL enhle.
- Ukudla okunempilo (okunamafutha amancane noshukela, okune-fiber eningi) kanye nokuzivocavoca njalo yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokulawula i-cholesterol.
- Uma udokotela ekunike imithi, yithathe njengoba uyalelwe futhi ngesikhathi.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi mayelana namazinga akho e-cholesterol, izici eziyingozi, kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa.
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